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McRae JJLH, Thobani H, Sacks MA, Raymond SL, Shah A, Radulescu A, Khan FA. Pancreatic masses in children: a single-center experience over two decades. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05731-z. [PMID: 39145888 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic masses are extremely rare in pediatric patients, with limited data available. This lack of data makes the diagnosis and management of these tumors in children extremely challenging. Therefore, we aimed to describe the presentations, clinical course, and outcomes of children with pancreatic tumors at our center. A retrospective analysis was performed of all pediatric patients diagnosed with pancreatic masses between 2003 and 2022 in an academic freestanding children's hospital. Data including demographics, clinical presentation, workup, management, and subsequent morbidity and mortality were collected and aggregated. Furthermore, we reviewed cases of pancreatic tumor resections in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program - Pediatric (NSQIP-P) database to identify common adverse outcomes and measures for quality improvement. In total, 17 patients were identified at our institution. Diagnoses included solid pseudopapillary (n = 9), gastrinoma (n = 1), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2), pancreatoblastoma (n = 2), and insulinoma (n = 1). Two patients did not have a histopathologic diagnosis and were excluded from subsequent analysis. Overall, 12 patients underwent surgical intervention, with the most common procedures being pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy, and all 12 were known to be alive at last contact. There were 3 deaths, all due to complications related to metastatic disease. Furthermore, 30-day postoperative outcomes in the NSQIP-P dataset for pancreatic surgeries in pediatric patients are excellent, with negligible morbidity and no mortalities after the index surgery. CONCLUSIONS Children with pancreatic tumors amenable to surgical resection appear to have adequate long-term survival. Short-term outcomes at diagnosis are excellent and mainly appear to be influenced by the presence of metastatic disease at initial presentation. WHAT IS KNOWN • Pancreatic masses are a rare entity in children with limited data on their presentation, management and surgical outcomes. • Solid Pseudopapillary tumors are one of the most common pancreatic tumors in children with a fair prognosis after surgical intervention. WHAT IS NEW • Surgical management of pediatric patients with pancreatic tumors is safe and effective in patients who do not have aggressive tumor types or metastatic disease. • Our case series provides a notable cohort of these pancreatic tumors with insight into the presentation, management and outcomes of five of these tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce J L H McRae
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Humza Thobani
- Division of Pediatric General Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Marla A Sacks
- Department of General Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Steven L Raymond
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adil Shah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrei Radulescu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Faraz A Khan
- Division of Pediatric General Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Stanford Medicine Children's Health Division of Pediatric Surgery, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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2
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Valencia-Sanchez BA, Kim JD, Zhou S, Chen S, Levy ML, Roxbury C, Patel VA, Polster SP. Special Considerations in Pediatric Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1924. [PMID: 38610689 PMCID: PMC11013018 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Originally pioneered in adults, endoscopic endonasal approaches for skull base pathology are being increasingly applied as a minimally invasive alternative for young children. Intrinsic anatomic differences between these patient populations have sparked discussions on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of these techniques in pediatric patients. This work aims to serve as a primer for clinicians engaged in the rapidly evolving field of pediatric endoscopic skull base surgery. A succinct overview of relevant embryology, sinonasal anatomy, and diagnostic workup is presented to emphasize key differences and unique technical considerations. Additional discussions regarding select skull base lesions, reconstructive paradigms, potential surgical complications, and postoperative care are also highlighted in the setting of multidisciplinary teams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeeho D. Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| | - Sheng Zhou
- USC Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sonja Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (S.P.P.)
| | - Michael L. Levy
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Roxbury
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Vijay A. Patel
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sean P. Polster
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA (S.P.P.)
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3
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Saggioro M, D'Agostino S, Veltri G, Bacchiega M, Tombolan L, Zanon C, Gamba P, Serafin V, Muraro MG, Martin I, Pozzobon M. A perfusion-based three-dimensional cell culture system to model alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma pathological features. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9444. [PMID: 37296184 PMCID: PMC10256844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a rare disease, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is one of the most common cancers in children the more aggressive and metastatic subtype is the alveolar RMS (ARMS). Survival outcomes with metastatic disease remain dismal and the need for new models that recapitulate key pathological features, including cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, is warranted. Here, we report an organotypic model that captures cellular and molecular determinants of invasive ARMS. We cultured the ARMS cell line RH30 on a collagen sponge in a perfusion-based bioreactor (U-CUP), obtaining after 7 days a 3D construct with homogeneous cell distribution. Compared to static culture, perfusion flow induced higher cell proliferation rates (20% vs. 5%), enhanced secretion of active MMP-2, and upregulation of the Rho pathway, associated with cancer cell dissemination. Consistently, the ECM genes LAMA1 and LAMA2, the antiapoptotic gene HSP90, identified in patient databases as hallmarks of invasive ARMS, were higher under perfusion flow at mRNA and protein level. Our advanced ARMS organotypic model mimics (1) the interactions cells-ECM, (2) the cell growth maintenance, and (3) the expression of proteins that characterize tumor expansion and aggressiveness. In the future, the perfusion-based model could be used with primary patient-derived cell subtypes to create a personalized ARMS chemotherapy screening system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Saggioro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Agostino
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Veltri
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Maira Bacchiega
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Tombolan
- Pediatric Solid Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Bioinformatics Core Service, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gamba
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Serafin
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuele Giuseppe Muraro
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, 35127, Padova, Italy.
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4
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Strategies to inhibit FGFR4 V550L-driven rhabdomyosarcoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1939-1953. [PMID: 36097178 PMCID: PMC9681859 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a paediatric cancer driven either by fusion proteins (e.g., PAX3-FOXO1) or by mutations in key signalling molecules (e.g., RAS or FGFR4). Despite the latter providing opportunities for precision medicine approaches in RMS, there are currently no such treatments implemented in the clinic. METHODS We evaluated biologic properties and targeting strategies for the FGFR4 V550L activating mutation in RMS559 cells, which have a high allelic fraction of this mutation and are oncogenically dependent on FGFR4 signalling. Signalling and trafficking of FGFR4 V550L were characterised by confocal microscopy and proteomics. Drug effects were determined by live-cell imaging, MTS assay, and in a mouse model. RESULTS Among recently developed FGFR4-specific inhibitors, FGF401 inhibited FGFR4 V550L-dependent signalling and cell proliferation at low nanomolar concentrations. Two other FGFR4 inhibitors, BLU9931 and H3B6527, lacked potent activity against FGFR4 V550L. Alternate targeting strategies were identified by RMS559 phosphoproteomic analyses, demonstrating that RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT are essential druggable pathways downstream of FGFR4 V550L. Furthermore, we found that FGFR4 V550L is HSP90-dependent, and HSP90 inhibitors efficiently impeded RMS559 proliferation. In a RMS559 mouse xenograft model, the pan-FGFR inhibitor, LY2874455, did not efficiently inhibit growth, whereas FGF401 potently abrogated growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results pave the way for precision medicine approaches against FGFR4 V550L-driven RMS.
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5
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Metastatic paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: A case report. Urol Case Rep 2022; 41:101977. [PMID: 34917481 PMCID: PMC8666333 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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6
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Tanriverdi O, Yildiz A. Current molecular and therapeutic advances in liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022; 28:635-645. [PMID: 35043739 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211073139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas probably develop after malignant transformation of embryonic mesenchymal cells and have broad spectrum histopathologically since they can develop from striated skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, fat and fibrous tissue, bone, cartilage and other mesenchymal tissues. The most common histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma in adults are: liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, poorly differentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Molecular and genetic studies of soft tissue sarcomas, which are considered as heterogeneous groups in terms of their molecular and clinical characteristics, are still an important area of interest The heterogeneity of the molecular and genetic alterations of these malignancies, which are mostly treated with surgery and chemotherapy, also offers hope to the researchers in terms of treatment targets. In this article, molecular biologic features of the soft tissue sarcomas including liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and angiosarcoma are discussed in the light of recent developments in molecular biology, targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Tanriverdi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, 175646Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 52986Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 52986Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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7
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Amougou B, Eyongeta D, Engbang JP, Beyeme TS, Cisse D, Ngandeu MJ, Sow Y, Diallo AB. [Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: about a case and literature review]. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:71. [PMID: 34422194 PMCID: PMC8363974 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.71.29224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nous rapportons une observation d´un rhabdomyosarcome embryonnaire paratesticulaire chez un adulte jeune et soulignons le caractère inhabituel de cette forme histologique dans cette tranche d´âge, l´évolution rapide de la lésion ainsi que les difficultés de prise en charge de ce type de tumeurs dans notre contexte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Amougou
- Département de Chirurgie et Spécialités Chirurgicales, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Dschang, Dschang, Cameroun
| | - Divine Eyongeta
- Départements d´Anatomie et de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Buea, Département d'Urologie, Hôpital Régional de Limbé, Limbé, Cameroun
| | - Jean Paul Engbang
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de l´Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | | | - Demba Cisse
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de l´Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinée
| | | | - Yaya Sow
- Faculté de Médecine, Pharmacie et Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Service d´Urologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Abdoulaye Bobo Diallo
- Département de Chirurgie et Spécialités Chirurgicales, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de l´Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Conakry, Guinée
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8
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Buszek SM, Ludmir EB, Grosshans DR, McAleer MF, McGovern SL, Harrison DJ, Okcu MF, Chintagumpala MM, Mahajan A, Paulino AC. Disease Control and Patterns of Failure After Proton Beam Therapy for Rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 109:718-725. [PMID: 33516439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are treated with multimodal therapy, often with radiation therapy (RT) as part of local therapy. We report on the efficacy and patterns of failure after proton beam therapy (PBT) for RMS. METHODS AND MATERIALS Between January 2006 and February 2017, patients with RMS were enrolled in a prospective institutional review board-approved registry protocol for pediatric patients undergoing PBT. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment related outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Ninety-four RMS patients were treated with a combination of chemotherapy (CT) and PBT. The majority of patients had head and neck (49%) and genitourinary (30%) primaries. Median tumor size was 4.1 cm (range, 1.0-16.5 cm); 33 patients (35%) had primary tumors >5 cm. Median cyclophosphamide equivalent dose was 14.4 g/m2 (range, 0-30.8 g/m2). Median time from CT initiation to RT initiation was 13 weeks (range, 1-58 weeks). With median follow-up of 4 years, 4-year overall survival (OS) was 71%, and 4-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 63%. Thirty patients (32%) experienced relapse (13% with local failure [LF]). Four-year local control (LC) was 85% overall; 4-year LC rates were 100% for low-risk, 85% for intermediate-risk, and 55% for high-risk patients (P = .02). Tumor size predicted LC (P = .007), with 7% versus 33% LF rate by tumor size (≤5 cm vs >5 cm). Delayed RT delivery (≥13 weeks from initiation of CT) predicted worse LC (P = .01). Increased tumor size predicted both inferior PFS (P = .02) and OS (P = .01). Delayed RT delivery predicted both inferior PFS (P = .04) and OS (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS PBT provides LC comparable to prior studies using photon RT. Inferior LC, PFS, and OS rates were observed for patients with larger tumors and those treated with delayed RT. This finding supports ongoing prospective efforts to dose-escalate treatment of tumors >5 cm; however, these data call into question the optimal timing of local therapy, particularly for patients treated with reduced-dose cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Buszek
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ethan B Ludmir
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Grosshans
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary Frances McAleer
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan L McGovern
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Douglas J Harrison
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - M Fatih Okcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Murali M Chintagumpala
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anita Mahajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Arnold C Paulino
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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9
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Bell SG, Konney TO, Appiah-Kubi A, Tawiah A, Amo-Antwi K, Annan JJK, Lawrence ER, Lieberman R, Johnston C. Two rare presentations of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix in teenagers at a low-resource teaching hospital in Ghana: A case series. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2021; 36:100750. [PMID: 33850996 PMCID: PMC8022137 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2021.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on two cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix in Ghana. Only 20% of rhabdomyosarcoma diagnoses in children occur in the genitourinary tract. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix is rare, with no standardized treatment. The teenaged patients underwent fertility-sparing surgery followed by chemotherapy. This treatment regimen is accessible in low-income countries.
We report two cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) of the cervix in teenagers presenting to Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana within one month of each other. Between October and November 2019, two patients presented with ERMS of the cervix. They both underwent fertility-sparing surgery followed by chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide. Preoperative workup for the two patients was minimal due to limited availability and high cost of imaging in a low-resource setting. Both patients were discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting to guide best management practices. Both patients had local surgical resection with histological confirmation of ERMS and negative margins, followed by six cycles of vincristine, actinomycin-D, and cyclophosphamide. Neither of the patients had perioperative complications or received radiation therapy. At the time of publication, both patients are currently alive and without evidence of recurrence. Fertility-sparing surgery followed by chemotherapy for patients with ERMS of the cervix is accessible in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Bell
- University of Michigan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Adu Appiah-Kubi
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Okomfo Anokye Road, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augustine Tawiah
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Okomfo Anokye Road, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Emma R Lawrence
- University of Michigan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Richard Lieberman
- University of Michigan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carolyn Johnston
- University of Michigan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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10
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Tombolan L, Millino C, Pacchioni B, Cattelan M, Zin A, Bonvini P, Bisogno G. Circulating miR-26a as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:606274. [PMID: 33362864 PMCID: PMC7758343 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.606274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) arises from myogenic precursors that fail to complete muscle differentiation and represents the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in children. Two major histological subtypes are recognized: alveolar RMS, characterized by a more aggressive behavior and a greater proneness to metastasis, and embryonal RMS which accounts for the 80% of cases and carries a better prognosis. Despite the survival of patients with localized tumors has progressively improved, RMS remains a challenging disease especially for metastatic patients and in case of progressive or recurrent disease after front-line therapy. MicroRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNA, have emerged as crucial players in cancer development and progression, and their detection in plasma (circulating miRNAs) represents a promising minimally invasive approach that deserve to be exploited in clinical practice. We evaluated the utility of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in children with RMS profiling miRNAs from plasma of a small cohort of RMS patients and healthy donors (HD) using a qPCR Cancer Panel. An assessment of hemolysis status of plasma using miR-451/miR-23a ratio was performed as pre-analytical analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that miRNAs expression pattern clearly distinguished RMS patients from HD (p < 0.05). Interestingly, plasma levels of muscle-specific miR-206 were found to be significantly increased in RMS patients compared to HD, whereas levels of three potential tumor-suppressor miRNAs, miR-26a and miR-30b/30c, were found lower. Reduced levels of circulating miR-26a and miR-30b/c were further measured in an independent larger cohort of patients (validation set) by digital droplet PCR. In particular, we evidenced that miR-26a absolute plasma levels were associated with fusion status and adverse outcome (p < 0.05). Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of circulating miRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in children affected by this malignancy and enforced the key role of miR-26a in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Tombolan
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Millino
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Beniamina Pacchioni
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela Cattelan
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelica Zin
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.,Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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11
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Buszek SM, Ludmir EB, Grosshans DR, McAleer MF, McGovern SL, Harrison DJ, Okcu MF, Chintagumpala MM, Mahajan A, Paulino AC. Patterns of failure and toxicity profile following proton beam therapy for pediatric bladder and prostate rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27952. [PMID: 31397065 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Bladder and prostate are unfavorable sites for rhabdomyosarcoma (B/P-RMS), and represent a challenging location for radiotherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS Nineteen patients with B/P-RMS were enrolled on a prospective registry protocol (2008-2017) and treated with chemotherapy, proton beam therapy (PBT), and surgical resection (n = 8; 42%). Emphasis was given to treatment technique, disease-related outcomes, and toxicity associated with PBT. RESULTS The majority of patients had bladder RMS (74%) of embryonal histology (95%), Group III (68%), and intermediate-risk disease by Children's Oncology Group (COG) risk stratification (89%). Seven patients (37%) had primary tumors >5 cm in size. All patients were treated according to COG protocols. With a median follow-up of 66.2 months, 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 76%. Four patients (21%) experienced disease relapse, all presenting with local failure. The 5-year local control (LC) rate was 76%. Tumor size predicted LC, with 5-year LC for patients with >5 cm tumors being 43% versus 100% for those with ≤5 cm tumors (P = .006). Univariate analysis demonstrated an effect of tumor size on OS (tumor >5 cm, hazard ratio [HR] 17.7, P = .049) and PFS (HR 17.7, P = .049). Acute grade 2 toxicity was observed in two patients (11%, transient proctitis). Late grade 2+ toxicity was observed in three patients (16%; n = 1 grade 2 skeletal deformity; n = 3 transient grade 2 urinary incontinence; one patient experienced both). CONCLUSIONS PBT for B/P-RMS affords promising disease-related outcomes with an acceptable toxicity profile. Higher local failure rates were observed for larger tumors, supporting dose-escalation components of ongoing RMS clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Buszek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ethan B Ludmir
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Grosshans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary F McAleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan L McGovern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Douglas J Harrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - M Fatih Okcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Murali M Chintagumpala
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anita Mahajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Arnold C Paulino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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12
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Haddad RN, Ghattas S, Torbey PH. Isolated Breast Relapse after Metastatic Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Young Premenarcheal Girl: What Could Have Been Done? Case Rep Oncol 2019; 12:890-895. [PMID: 31911774 DOI: 10.1159/000504337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is one of the most common pediatric soft-tissue neoplasms. Breast involvement either as primary tumor or metastasis is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of primary limb alveolar RMS with breast metastases in a young premenarcheal girl that relapsed only to the metastatic breast site after achieving complete response. Accordingly, we believe that investigations of the mammary glands should be part of the routine diagnostic workup in adolescent females with RMS. Local therapeutic measures to control breast disease, including surgery or radiotherapy has to be considered for better prognosis. Newer radiation modalities aiming at reducing side effects should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond N Haddad
- Hotel Dieu de France University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souad Ghattas
- Hotel Dieu de France University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Paul-Henri Torbey
- Hotel Dieu de France University Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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13
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Abstract
Primary pediatric orbital tumors requiring surgery are uncommon and often require multidisciplinary management. Commonly used surgical approaches to the orbit include transconjunctival, transcutaneous (eyelid), transcranial, or extracranial osteotomies. This paper reviews a 10-year experience of cases that required a transcranial or extracranial surgical approach at the Birmingham Children's Hospital. A total of 9 patients were identified between the years 2008 to 2017. Pathologies included rhabdomyosarcoma, juvenile ossifying fibroma, optic nerve glioma, and retinoblastoma. Surgical approaches to the orbit included supraorbital bar osteotomy (transcranial) or lateral orbitotomy (extracranial). Surgical team members included neurosurgery, craniofacial surgery, and ophthalmology. This study aims to review the role of surgery in management as well as the specific indications for performing transcranial or extracranial osteotomies. It also highlights the excellent access achieved with the use of these osteotomies in certain cases, especially when compared with transconjunctival or transcutaneous approaches.
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14
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Rhabdomyosarcoma disease spread evaluation on CT scans: Association with primary tumor size and Ki-67 proliferation marker. Clin Imaging 2019; 56:41-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Gerhart J, Behling K, Paessler M, Milton L, Bramblett G, Garcia D, Pitts M, Hurtt R, Crawford M, Lackman R, Nguyen D, Infanti J, FitzGerald P, George-Weinstein M. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms tumors contain a subpopulation of noggin producing, myogenic cells immunoreactive for lens beaded filament proteins. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214758. [PMID: 30973903 PMCID: PMC6459534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myo/Nog cells are identified by their expression of the skeletal muscle specific transcription factor MyoD and the bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor noggin, and binding of the G8 monoclonal antibody. Their release of noggin is critical for morphogenesis and skeletal myogenesis. In the adult, Myo/Nog cells are present in normal tissues, wounds and skin tumors. Myo/Nog cells in the lens give rise to myofibroblasts that synthesize skeletal muscle proteins. The purpose of this study was to screen human lens tissue, rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, and tissue sections from rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms and tumors lacking features of skeletal muscle for co-localization of antibodies to Myo/Nog cell markers and the lens beaded filament proteins filensin and CP49. Immunofluorescence localization experiments revealed that Myo/Nog cells of the lens bind antibodies to beaded filament proteins. Co-localization of antibodies to G8, noggin, filensin and CP49 was observed in most RC13 and a subpopulation of RD human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Western blotting with beaded filament antibodies revealed bands of similar molecular weights in RC13 and murine lens cells. Human alveolar, embryonal, pleomorphic and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas and Wilms tumors contained a subpopulation of cells immunoreactive for G8, noggin, MyoD and beaded filaments. G8 was also co-localized with filensin mRNA. Staining for beaded filament proteins was not detected in G8 positive cells in leiomyosarcomas, squamous and basal cell carcinomas, syringocarciomas and malignant melanomas. Lens beaded filament proteins were thought to be present only in the lens. Myo/Nog-like cells immunoreactive for beaded filaments may be diagnostic of tumors related to the skeletal muscle lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Gerhart
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Behling
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
- Dept. of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Michele Paessler
- Division of Hematopathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - LaBraya Milton
- Dept. of Orthopaedics, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Gregory Bramblett
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Denise Garcia
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Meghan Pitts
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Reginald Hurtt
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mitchell Crawford
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Richard Lackman
- Dept. of Orthopaedics, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniela Nguyen
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Infanti
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Paul FitzGerald
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Mindy George-Weinstein
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Ludmir EB, Grosshans DR, McAleer MF, McGovern SL, Harrison DJ, Okcu MF, Chintagumpala MM, Mahajan A, Paulino AC. Patterns of failure following proton beam therapy for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Radiother Oncol 2019; 134:143-150. [PMID: 31005208 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the head and neck (H&N) are treated with multimodal therapy, often with radiotherapy (RT) as definitive local therapy. We report on the patterns of failure following proton beam therapy (PBT) for H&N RMS. METHODS Forty-six H&N RMS patients were enrolled on a prospective registry protocol between 2006 and 2015. All were treated with a combination of chemotherapy (ChT) and PBT. Most patients (25 patients, 54%) had parameningeal tumors, of which 11 (24%) had intracranial extension (ICE). Thirteen patients (28%) had primary tumors greater than 5 cm. Median total cyclophosphamide (CPM) equivalent dose was 13.2 g/m2 (range 0-16.8 g/m2). Median RT dose was 50.4 Gy(RBE) (range 36 Gy[RBE]-50.8 Gy[RBE]). RESULTS With median follow-up of 3.9 years, five-year overall survival was 76%, and five-year progression-free survival was 57%. Seventeen patients (37%) experienced relapse, including 7 with local failure (LF). Five-year local control (LC) was 84%. Tumor size greater than 5 cm predicted increased risk of LF (hazard ratio [HR] 6.49, p = 0.03), as did the presence of ICE at diagnosis (HR 5.21, p = 0.03). Six relapses occurred in patients with ICE; all included a component of central nervous system relapse, with leptomeningeal disease and/or LF with an intracranial component. Delayed RT delivery after week 4 of ChT predicted increased risk of relapse for ICE patients (HR 10.49, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS PBT confers excellent LC, and a favorable late toxicity profile as compared with prior photon RT data. Our observations support ongoing trial efforts to dose-escalate RT for patients with larger tumors. However, these data raise concerns regarding excess failures among patients with ICE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Ludmir
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - David R Grosshans
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Mary Frances McAleer
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Susan L McGovern
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Douglas J Harrison
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - M Fatih Okcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Murali M Chintagumpala
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Anita Mahajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Arnold C Paulino
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.
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17
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De Giovanni C, Nanni P, Landuzzi L, Ianzano ML, Nicoletti G, Croci S, Palladini A, Lollini PL. Immune targeting of autocrine IGF2 hampers rhabdomyosarcoma growth and metastasis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:126. [PMID: 30732578 PMCID: PMC6367747 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor-1 (IGF1R) system sustains the genesis of rhabdomyosarcoma through IGF2 autocrine overexpression. While several IGF1R-targeted strategies have been investigated to interphere with rhabdomyosarcoma growth, no attempt to neutralize IGF2 has been reported. We therefore studied the possibility to hamper rhabdomyosarcoma growth with passive and active immune approaches targeting IGF2. Methods A murine model developing IGF2-overexpressing pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma, along with IGF2-independent salivary carcinoma, was used to investigate the efficacy and specificity of passive anti-IGFs antibody treatment. Active vaccinations with electroporated DNA plasmids encoding murine or human IGF2 were performed to elicit autochthonous anti-IGF2 antibodies. Vaccinated mice received the intravenous injection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to study the effects of anti-IGF2 antibodies against developing metastases. Results Passive administration of antibodies neutralizing IGFs delayed the onset of IGF2-overexpressing rhabdomyosarcoma but not of IGF2-independent salivary carcinoma. A DNA vaccine against murine IGF2 did not elicit antibodies, even when combined with Treg-depletion, while a DNA vaccine encoding the human IGF2 gene elicited antibodies crossreacting with murine IGF2. Mice with anti-IGF2 antibodies were partially protected against the metastatic growth of IGF2-addicted rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Conclusions Immune targeting of autocrine IGF2 inhibited rhabdomyosarcoma genesis and metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla De Giovanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna L Ianzano
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giordano Nicoletti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.,Present address: Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
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18
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Tombolan L, Zin A, Bisogno G. Cell-Free DNA in Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma: Potential and Challenges. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1909:165-175. [PMID: 30580430 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8973-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive solid tumor that may disseminate hematogenously giving metastasis which represents the most important prognostic factor. Chances of an effective cure in childhood cancer rely on the capacity to make an early and accurate diagnosis, detect metastatic disease or relapse, and predict the response to treatment.Liquid biopsy is a very promising blood test for cancer detection and noninvasive disease monitoring. This method has a great advantage to use blood and plasma, a more accessible biological material, quick and easy to obtain with minimal pain and risk for patients. In particular, circulating free DNA (cfDNA) represents a tumor biomarker detected in plasma that gives information on biology and genetic background of tumor.Moreover, cfDNA mutation detection could be a reliable method to monitor the efficacy of treatment and to discover novel targets for a personalized treatment in pediatric solid tumor. Here, we describe an optimized protocol to cfDNA isolation from small amount of plasma, as well as a method to assess the quantity and quality of cfDNA. Finally, we propose ddPCR as a reliable method to detect mutations at low frequency in cfDNA obtained from pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Tombolan
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Angelica Zin
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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19
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Ghayad SE, Rammal G, Sarkis O, Basma H, Ghamloush F, Fahs A, Karam M, Harajli M, Rabeh W, Mouawad JE, Zalzali H, Saab R. The histone deacetylase inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) as a therapeutic agent in rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:272-283. [PMID: 30307360 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive childhood sarcoma with two distinct subtypes, embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS) histologies. More effective treatment is needed to improve outcomes, beyond conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA), has shown promising efficacy in limited preclinical studies. We used a panel of human ERMS and ARMS cell lines and xenografts to evaluate the effects of SAHA as a therapeutic agent in both RMS subtypes. SAHA decreased cell viability by inhibiting S-phase progression in all cell lines tested, and induced apoptosis in all but one cell line. Molecularly, SAHA-treated cells showed activation of a DNA damage response, induction of the cell cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 and downregulation of Cyclin D1. In a subset of RMS cell lines, SAHA promoted features of cellular senescence and myogenic differentiation. Interestingly, SAHA treatment profoundly decreased protein levels of the driver fusion oncoprotein PAX3-FOXO1 in ARMS cells at a post-translational level. In vivo, SAHA-treated xenografts showed increased histone acetylation and induction of a DNA damage response, along with variable upregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. However, while the ARMS Rh41 xenograft tumor growth was significantly inhibited, there was no significant inhibition of the ERMS tumor xenograft RD. Thus, our work shows that, while SAHA is effective against ERMS and ARMS tumor cells in vitro, it has divergent in vivo effects . Together with the observed effects on the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein, these data suggest SAHA as a possible therapeutic agent for clinical testing in patients with fusion protein-positive RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Ghayad
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon
| | - Ghina Rammal
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon.,b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Omar Sarkis
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Hussein Basma
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Farah Ghamloush
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Assil Fahs
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon
| | - Mia Karam
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Harajli
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Wissam Rabeh
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Joe E Mouawad
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zalzali
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Raya Saab
- b Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon.,c Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
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20
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Oristian KM, Crose LES, Kuprasertkul N, Bentley RC, Lin YT, Williams N, Kirsch DG, Linardic CM. Loss of MST/Hippo Signaling in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Fusion-Positive Rhabdomyosarcoma Accelerates Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5513-5520. [PMID: 30093562 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of fusion-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) is the presence of a chromosomal translocation encoding the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene. Primary cell-based modeling experiments have shown that PAX3-FOXO1 is necessary, but not sufficient for aRMS tumorigenesis, indicating additional molecular alterations are required to initiate and sustain tumor growth. Previously, we showed that PAX3-FOXO1-positive aRMS is promoted by dysregulated Hippo pathway signaling, as demonstrated by increased YAP1 expression and decreased MST activity. We hypothesized that ablating MST/Hippo signaling in a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of aRMS would accelerate tumorigenesis. To this end, MST1/2-floxed (Stk3F/F;Stk4F/F ) mice were crossed with a previously established aRMS GEMM driven by conditional expression of Pax3:Foxo1 from the endogenous Pax3 locus and conditional loss of Cdkn2a in Myf6 (myogenic factor 6)-expressing cells. Compared with Pax3PF/PF;Cdkn2aF/F;Myf6ICN/+ controls, Stk3F/F;Stk4F/F;Pax3PF/PF;Cdkn2aF/F;Myf6ICN/+ animals displayed accelerated tumorigenesis (P < 0.0001) and increased tumor penetrance (88% vs. 27%). GEMM tumors were histologically consistent with aRMS. GEMM tumor-derived cell lines showed increased proliferation and invasion and decreased senescence and myogenic differentiation. These data suggest that loss of MST/Hippo signaling acts with Pax3:Foxo1 expression and Cdkn2a loss to promote tumorigenesis. The rapid onset and increased penetrance of tumorigenesis in this model provide a powerful tool for interrogating aRMS biology and screening novel therapeutics.Significance: A novel mouse model sheds light on the critical role of Hippo/MST downregulation in PAX3-FOXO1-positive rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5513-20. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristianne M Oristian
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lisa E S Crose
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Rex C Bentley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yi-Tzu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nerissa Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. .,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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21
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Hoang NT, Acevedo LA, Mann MJ, Tolani B. A review of soft-tissue sarcomas: translation of biological advances into treatment measures. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1089-1114. [PMID: 29785138 PMCID: PMC5955018 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s159641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors arising from connective tissues and have an overall incidence of about five per 100,000 per year. While this diverse family of malignancies comprises over 100 histological subtypes and many molecular aberrations are prevalent within specific sarcomas, very few are therapeutically targeted. Instead of utilizing molecular signatures, first-line sarcoma treatment options are still limited to traditional surgery and chemotherapy, and many of the latter remain largely ineffective and are plagued by disease resistance. Currently, the mechanism of sarcoma oncogenesis remains largely unknown, thus necessitating a better understanding of pathogenesis. Although substantial progress has not occurred with molecularly targeted therapies over the past 30 years, increased knowledge about sarcoma biology could lead to new and more effective treatment strategies to move the field forward. Here, we discuss biological advances in the core molecular determinants in some of the most common soft-tissue sarcomas - liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma - with an emphasis on emerging genomic and molecular pathway targets and immunotherapeutic treatment strategies to combat this confounding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc T Hoang
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luis A Acevedo
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Mann
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bhairavi Tolani
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Ludmir EB, Paulino AC, Grosshans DR, McAleer MF, McGovern SL, Huh WW, Okcu MF, Harrell LM, Mahajan A. Regional Nodal Control for Head and Neck Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Wang C, Qu J, Yan S, Gao Q, Hao S, Zhou D. PFK15, a PFKFB3 antagonist, inhibits autophagy and proliferation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:359-367. [PMID: 29620138 PMCID: PMC5979828 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high-level of metastatic and relapsed rates, rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) patients have a poor prognosis, and novel treatment strategies are required. Thereby, the present study evaluated the efficacy of PFK15, a PFKFB3 inhibitor, in RD cells to explore its potential underlying mechanism on the regulation of autophagy and proliferation in these cells. The effects of PFK15 on cell viability loss and cell death in different treatment groups, were evaluated by MTS assay, colony growth assay and immunoblotting, respectively. In addition, the autophagy levels were detected by electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting following PFK15 treatment, and the autophagic flux was analyzed with the addition of chloroquine diphosphate salt or by monitoring the level of p62. PFK15 was observed to evidently decrease the viability of RD cells, inhibit the colony growth and cause abnormal nuclear morphology. Furthermore, PFK15 inhibited the autophagic flux and cell proliferation, as well as induced apoptotic cell death in RD cells through downregulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. An AMPK agonist rescued the inhibited cell proliferation and autophagy induced by PFK15. In conclusion, PFK15 inhibits autophagy and cell proliferation via downregulating the AMPK signaling pathway in RD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jianghong Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Quan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Sibin Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Dobson CC, Naing T, Beug ST, Faye MD, Chabot J, St-Jean M, Walker DE, LaCasse EC, Stojdl DF, Korneluk RG, Holcik M. Oncolytic virus synergizes with Smac mimetic compounds to induce rhabdomyosarcoma cell death in a syngeneic murine model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3495-3508. [PMID: 27966453 PMCID: PMC5356898 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a neoplasm characterized by undifferentiated myoblasts, is the most common soft tissue tumour in children. Therapeutic resistance is common in RMS and is often caused by acquired defects in the cellular apoptotic program. Smac mimetic compounds (SMCs) are a novel class of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) antagonists that are currently under clinical development as cancer therapeutics. We previously reported that cIAP1 is overexpressed in human primary RMS tumours and in patient-derived RMS cell lines where it drives resistance to apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory cytokine production triggered by activators of innate immunity synergizes with LCL161 to induce bystander killing of RMS cells in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, we show that innate immune stimuli (oncolytic virus (VSVΔ51-GFP), interferon γ (IFNγ), and tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)) combine with SMCs in vitro to reduce cell viability in the Kym-1 RMS cancer cell line. Other human RMS cell lines (RH36, RH41, RD, RH18, RH28, and RH30) and the murine RMS cell line 76-9 are resistant to treatment with LCL161 alone or in combination with immune stimulants in in vitro cell viability assays. In contrast, we report that the combination of LCL161 and VSVΔ51-GFP reduces tumour volume and prolongs survival in a 76-9 syngeneic murine model. Our results support further exploration of the combined use of IAP antagonists and innate immune stimuli as a therapeutic approach for RMS cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Dobson
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thet Naing
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn T Beug
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mame D Faye
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Janelle Chabot
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin St-Jean
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle E Walker
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eric C LaCasse
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David F Stojdl
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Korneluk
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Holcik
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Aitken JF, Youlden DR, Moore AS, Baade PD, Ward LJ, Thursfield VJ, Valery PC, Green AC, Gupta S, Frazier AL. Assessing the feasibility and validity of the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines: a population-based registry study. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2018; 2:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shelmerdine SC, Lorenzo AJ, Gupta AA, Chavhan GB. Pearls and Pitfalls in Diagnosing Pediatric Urinary Bladder Masses. Radiographics 2017; 37:1872-1891. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Shelmerdine
- From the Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, England (S.C.S.); Departments of Urology (A.J.L.), Oncology (A.A.G.), and Diagnostic Imaging (G.B.C.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.C.)
| | - Armando J. Lorenzo
- From the Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, England (S.C.S.); Departments of Urology (A.J.L.), Oncology (A.A.G.), and Diagnostic Imaging (G.B.C.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.C.)
| | - Abha A. Gupta
- From the Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, England (S.C.S.); Departments of Urology (A.J.L.), Oncology (A.A.G.), and Diagnostic Imaging (G.B.C.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.C.)
| | - Govind B. Chavhan
- From the Department of Clinical Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, England (S.C.S.); Departments of Urology (A.J.L.), Oncology (A.A.G.), and Diagnostic Imaging (G.B.C.), The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.C.)
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27
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Rodriguez DP, Orscheln ES, Koch BL. Masses of the Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Nasopharynx in Children. Radiographics 2017; 37:1704-1730. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017170064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. Rodriguez
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 (D.P.R.); and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio (E.S.O., B.L.K.)
| | - Emily S. Orscheln
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 (D.P.R.); and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio (E.S.O., B.L.K.)
| | - Bernadette L. Koch
- From the Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 (D.P.R.); and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio (E.S.O., B.L.K.)
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28
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Lobeck I, Dupree P, Karns R, Rodeberg D, von Allmen D, Dasgupta R. Quality assessment of lymph node sampling in rhabdomyosarcoma: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program study. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:614-617. [PMID: 27642084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node sampling is integral in the management of extremity and paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The aim of this study was to determine overall surgical compliance with treatment protocols and impact of nodal sampling outcomes in these tumors. METHODS A query of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program (SEER) database was performed from 2003 to 2008 for patients <19years of age with RMS. Data obtained included demographics, five-year survival and rate of nodal sampling. Analysis was performed utilizing chi-squared, Kaplan-Meier and hazard ratio modeling. RESULTS Of 537 patients with extremity RMS, nodal sampling was performed in 25.7% (n=138). This lack of nodal sampling had a negative outcome on survival (p=0.004). Sixty five patients with paratesticular RMS aged greater than 10 were identified and also displayed low rates of lymph node sampling (47.7%, n=31). For paratesticular patients, a similar increase in survival was seen in patients who underwent nodal evaluation (p=0.024). CONCLUSION Lymph node sampling is the standard of care in RMS. However, surgical compliance with treatment protocols is poor. Nodal evaluation correlated significantly with overall survival. These findings suggest a need for improved education among surgeons and oncologists regarding the need lymph node assessment in pediatric oncology patients. Evidence rating/classification: Prognosis study, Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Lobeck
- Division of General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Phylicia Dupree
- Division of General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David Rodeberg
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Daniel von Allmen
- Division of General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Roshni Dasgupta
- Division of General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Breast Metastases in Children and Adolescents With Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Large Single-Institution Experience and Literature Review. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2017; 39:67-71. [PMID: 27820124 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast metastasis is rare in childhood malignancies. Soft tissue sarcomas, especially rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), and hematologic neoplasms, such as lymphomas, are the most common tumors that metastasize to the breast, albeit rare. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cases with breast metastasis within a cohort of 200 RMS patients followed in our institution during 1990 to 2014 were assessed retrospectively and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS There were 3 adolescent female patients with breast metastasis. All had alveolar histology. The primary tumors were in the parameningeal sites, extremities, and the perineum, respectively. Two patients had breast metastasis at diagnosis, and 1 during follow-up. In 1 breast lesion, there was a complete response to chemotherapy, and in another there was no response to chemotherapy, and the patient underwent radical mastectomy. In the third patient, there was partial response, and lesions progressed. All patients died with recurrent/progressive disease, 2 with no recurrence in the breast. In the English literature, there are 70 cases including our cases. All but 1 involve female patients, all adolescents, most have alveolar histology and poor prognosis. All had chemotherapy, whereas some had surgery and/or radiotherapy for local treatment. CONCLUSION Breast metastasis should be considered in adolescent female patients with RMS. Optimal management is not clear. Besides chemotherapy, mastectomy and radiotherapy should be considered on a case basis.
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Johler SM, Fuchs J, Seitz G, Armeanu-Ebinger S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is induced by cytotoxic drugs and is involved in immune escape and migration in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1465-1476. [PMID: 27629595 PMCID: PMC11029580 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is known to be involved in oncogenic transformation, tumour progression, and immunosuppression and is overexpressed in many solid tumours, including paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). We investigated the function of MIF in RMS during treatment with cytotoxic drugs. RMS cell lines were analysed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and ELISA. We demonstrated the overexpression of MIF in RMS cells and the enhanced expression and secretion after treatment with cytotoxic agents. Migration assays of RMS cells revealed that inhibitors of MIF (ISO-1, Ant.III 4-IPP, Ant.V, sulforaphane (SF)) and blocking antibodies caused reduced migration, indicating a role for MIF in metastatic invasion. Additionally, we investigated the function of MIF in immune escape. The development of a population containing immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells was promoted by incubation in conditioned medium of RMS cells comprising MIF and was reversed by MIF inhibitors but not by antibodies. Although most inhibitors may restore immune activity, Ant.III and 10 µM SF disturbed T cell proliferation in a CFSE assay, whereas T cell proliferation was not reduced by 3 µM SF, ISO-1 or antibodies. However, the inhibition of MIF by blocking antibodies did not increase the killing activity of allogenic PBMCs co-cultured with RMS cells. Our results reveal that MIF may be involved in an immune escape mechanism and demonstrate the involvement of MIF in immunogenic cell death during treatment with cytotoxic drugs. Targeting MIF may contribute to the restoration of immune sensitivity and the control of migration and metastatic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maria Johler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guido Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sorin Armeanu-Ebinger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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31
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Radzikowska J, Kukwa W, Kukwa A, Czarnecka AM, Kawecki M, Lian F, Szczylik C, Krzeski A. Management of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma: A case-series of 36 patients. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3555-3562. [PMID: 27900036 PMCID: PMC5104052 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in the pediatric population. In 35% of cases, RMS develops in the head and neck (H&N) region, and only combined therapy is recognized as a curative treatment. However, recent advances in skull base and reconstructive surgery, along with microsurgery and endoscopic surgery, have strengthened the role of surgery as an important part of RMS treatment. In the present study, 36 pediatric RMS cases (24 males and 12 females) were analyzed after surgical treatment. The average age at diagnosis was 7 years. In total, 67% of tumors were localized in the parameningeal region. Alveolar RMS was the most common histopathological type. A total of 16 patients were treated due to disease recurrence or a previous non-radical surgical procedure, while 19 cases had inductive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy preceding surgical treatment due to locally advanced disease. In 1 case, only diagnostic biopsy was performed. It is recommended that the management of H&N RMS is interdisciplinary from the beginning. Extensive surgical dissection in the H&N region for RMS may result in severe cosmetic defects and functional impairment; thus, these risks should be considered during treatment planning, and the surgical approach should be based on the individual characteristics of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Radzikowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-739, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kukwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-739, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kukwa
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Disease, University of Varmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-082, Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Military Institute of Medicine,Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Maciej Kawecki
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Military Institute of Medicine,Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Fei Lian
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Military Institute of Medicine,Warsaw 04-141, Poland
| | - Antoni Krzeski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-739, Poland
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32
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Shaikho S, Dobson CC, Naing T, Samanfar B, Moteshareie H, Hajikarimloo M, Golshani A, Holcik M. Elevated levels of ribosomal proteins eL36 and eL42 control expression of Hsp90 in rhabdomyosarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:e1244395. [PMID: 28090422 DOI: 10.1080/21690731.2016.1244395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone whose expression is selectively upregulated during stress, although the precise control mechanism of this increase is yet to be fully elucidated. We used polysome profiling to show that Hsp90α mRNA is selectively translated, while global translation is inhibited during heat stress. Furthermore, we have identified 2 ribosomal proteins, eL36 and eL42 that modulate Hsp90α expression under both normal and heat shock conditions. Importantly, we noted that expression of eL36 and eL42 is elevated in a panel of human rhabdomyosarcomas where it drives high expression of Hsp90 and modulates sensitivity of these cells to an Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shaikho
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine C Dobson
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thet Naing
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bahram Samanfar
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Houman Moteshareie
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Hajikarimloo
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashkan Golshani
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Holcik
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
A malignant tumor of striated muscle origin, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a childhood tumor that has benefited from nearly 30 years of multimodality therapy, culminating in a >70% overall 5-year survival. Prognosis for RMS is dependent on primary tumor site, age, completeness of resection, presence and number of metastatic sites, histology, and biology of the tumor cells. Multimodality treatment is based on risk stratification according to pre-treatment stage, postoperative group, histology, and site. Unique to RMS is the concept of postoperative clinical grouping that assesses the completeness of disease resection and takes into account lymph node evaluation at both the regional and metastatic basins. At all sites, if complete operative resection of disease is accomplished, including microscopic disease, survival is improved. Therefore, the surgeon plays a vital role in determining risk stratification for treatment, local control of the primary tumor and overall outcome for the patient with RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Dasgupta
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children׳s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Lehrstuhl für Kinderchirurgie und Kinderurologie, Vizepräsident der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Rodeberg
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
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34
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Robbins KM, Stabley DL, Holbrook J, Sahraoui R, Sadreameli A, Conard K, Baker L, Gripp KW, Sol-Church K. Paternal uniparental disomy with segmental loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 11 are hallmark characteristics of syndromic and sporadic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:3197-3206. [PMID: 27589201 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Costello syndrome (CS) arises from a typically paternally derived germline mutation in the proto-oncogene HRAS, and is considered a rasopathy. CS results in failure-to-thrive, intellectual disabilities, short stature, coarse facial features, skeletal abnormalities, congenital heart disease, and a predisposition for cancer, most commonly embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). The goal of this study was to characterize CS ERMS at the molecular level and to determine how divergent it is from sporadic ERMS. We characterized eleven ERMS tumors from eight unrelated CS patients, carrying paternally derived HRAS c.34G>A (p.Gly12Ser; 6) or c.35G>C (p.Gly12Ala; 2) mutations. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was evaluated in all CS ERMS by microarray and/or short tandem repeat (STR) markers spanning the entire chromosome 11. Eight CS ERMS tumors displayed complete paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 (pUPD11), whereas two displayed UPD only at 11p and a second primary ERMS tumor showed UPD limited to 11p15.5, the classical hallmark for ERMS. Three sporadic ERMS cell lines (RD, Rh36, Rh18) and eight formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) ERMS tumors were also analyzed for RAS mutations and LOH status. We found a higher than anticipated frequency of RAS mutations (HRAS or NRAS; 50%) in sporadic ERMS cell lines/tumors. Unexpectedly, complete uniparental disomy (UPD11) was observed in five specimens, while the other six showed LOH extending across the p and q arms of chromosome 11. In this study, we are able to clearly demonstrate complete UPD11 in both syndromic and sporadic ERMS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Robbins
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware.,Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Deborah L Stabley
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Jennifer Holbrook
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Rebecca Sahraoui
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware.,Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware
| | - Alexa Sadreameli
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Katrina Conard
- Department of Pathology, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Laura Baker
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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35
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Leiser D, Calaminus G, Malyapa R, Bojaxhiu B, Albertini F, Kliebsch U, Mikroutsikos L, Morach P, Bolsi A, Walser M, Timmermann B, Lomax T, Schneider R, Weber DC. Tumour control and Quality of Life in children with rhabdomyosarcoma treated with pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2016; 120:163-8. [PMID: 27247053 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess clinical outcomes in children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) treated with pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy (PT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Eighty-three RMS (embryonal, n=74; 89%) patients treated between January 2000 and December 2014 were included. The median age was 4.5years (range, 0.8-15.5). All patients received systemic chemotherapy according to prospective protocols. Patients had low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease in 24%, 63%, and 13% of cases, respectively. The median total dose delivered was 54Gy(RBE) (range, 41.4-64.8). RESULTS After a median follow-up time of 55.5 months (range, 0.9-126.3), local failure occurred in 16 patients. The 5-year local-control survival rate was 78.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 69.5-88.5%]. Significant predictors for local failure were group/stage, tumour location, and size. Fourteen patients (16%) died, all from tumour progression. The 5-year overall survival was 80.6% (95%CI, 71.8-90.0%). The 5-year incidence of grade 3 non-ocular late toxicity was 3.6% (95%CI, 1-12%). No grade 4-5 late toxicities were observed. One radiation-induced malignancy was observed (1.2%). The Quality of Life (QoL) scores increased significantly after PT compared to baseline values. CONCLUSIONS PBS PT led to excellent outcome in children with RMS. Late non-ocular toxicity was minimal and QoL good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Leiser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Calaminus
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Malyapa
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
| | - Beat Bojaxhiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrike Kliebsch
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
| | | | - Petra Morach
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Walser
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
| | - Beate Timmermann
- Clinic for Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, West German Proton Therapy Center Essen (WPE), Germany
| | - Tony Lomax
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Germany; ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schneider
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
| | - Damien C Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Switzerland; Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland; University of Bern, Switzerland; University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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36
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Poniewierska-Baran A, Schneider G, Sun W, Abdelbaset-Ismail A, Barr FG, Ratajczak MZ. Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells express functional pituitary and gonadal sex hormone receptors: Therapeutic implications. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1815-24. [PMID: 26983595 PMCID: PMC4809652 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated that sex hormones play an important role in several types of cancer. Because they are also involved in skeletal muscle development and regeneration, we were therefore interested in their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a skeletal muscle tumor. In the present study, we employed eight RMS cell lines (three fusion positive and five fusion negative RMS cell lines) and mRNA samples obtained from RMS patients. The expression of sex hormone receptors was evaluated by RT-PCR and their functionality by chemotaxis, adhesion and direct cell proliferation assays. We report here for the first time that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors are expressed in established human RMS cell lines as well as in primary tumor samples isolated from RMS patients. We also report that human RMS cell lines responded both to pituitary and gonadal sex hormone stimulation by enhanced proliferation, chemotaxis, cell adhesion and phosphorylation of MAPKp42/44 and AKT. In summary, our results indicate that sex hormones are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of RMS, and therefore, their therapeutic application should be avoided in patients that have been diagnosed with RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Poniewierska-Baran
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gabriela Schneider
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Wenyue Sun
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ahmed Abdelbaset-Ismail
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Frederic G Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Harel M, Ferrer FA, Shapiro LH, Makari JH. Future directions in risk stratification and therapy for advanced pediatric genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:103-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang L, Marrano P, Wu B, Kumar S, Thorner P, Baruchel S. Combined Antitumor Therapy with Metronomic Topotecan and Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug, Evofosfamide, in Neuroblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma Preclinical Models. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2697-708. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Morimoto LM, McCauley K, Ma X, Wiemels JL, Chokkalingam AP, Metayer C. Birth weight, fetal growth, and risk of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: an updated record linkage study in California. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 26:141-145. [PMID: 26795698 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine whether birth characteristics affect the risk of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children and adolescents younger than 19 years. METHODS A total of 722 RMS cases diagnosed at the age of 0-19 years during 1988-2011 were identified from the California Cancer Registry and matched by birth date, sex, and race to 2,888 controls using California birth records. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of RMS associated with birth weight, gestational age, and size for gestational age. RESULTS High birth weight (odds ratio [OR]: 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-1.29) and large for gestational age (LGA; OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.72-1.23) were not associated with RMS risk overall. Among non-Hispanic whites, the ORs were 1.33 for high birth weight (95% CI: 0.94-1.89) and 1.17 for LGA (95% CI: 0.78-1.75); no indications of association were observed for other racial or ethnic groups (P interaction <.10). Compared with normal gestational age, preterm (<37 weeks) and post-term (>40 weeks) babies had 16%-18% lower risks of RMS overall, after adjusting for birth weight. CONCLUSIONS In the largest study to date, there was an indication of association between high birth weight, LGA, and increased RMS risk among non-Hispanic white children and adolescents, but not in other racial or ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby M Morimoto
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
| | - Kathryn McCauley
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Anand P Chokkalingam
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Catherine Metayer
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley
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40
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Winter S, Fasola S, Brisse H, Mosseri V, Orbach D. Relapse after localized rhabdomyosarcoma: Evaluation of the efficacy of second-line chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:1935-41. [PMID: 26150380 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE About one-third of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma relapse despite appropriate treatment and experience a poor outcome. Little meaningful improvement in the outcome of this disease has been observed over the last 30 years. There is no clear international recommendation concerning the use of salvage chemotherapy at relapse. A retrospective multicenter analysis was therefore conducted to analyze the efficacy of various second-line chemotherapy regimens in this setting. METHODS Forty-nine patients under the age of 18, with initially localized rhabdomyosarcoma, who relapsed after first complete remission, treated in three SFCE centers (Société Française des Cancers de l'Enfant) between 1995 and 2013, were analyzed. RESULTS First relapse occurred after a median interval of 22 months and remained localized in 71.4% of cases. All patients received second-line chemotherapy with an overall response to this salvage therapy of 39.1%. Best specific response rates were 73.3 and 42.9% for carboplatin/epirubicin/vincristine-ifosfamide/vincristine/etoposide (CEV/IVE) (15 patients) and vincristine/irinotecan ± temozolomide (VI[T]) (seven patients), respectively. Overall, 40 patients (81.6%) were then eligible for delayed local treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy) and 30 of them (61.2%) achieved second complete remission. After a median follow-up of 5.4 years since the diagnosis of first relapse, 5-year overall survival is 49.4% (95% CI: 34.2-64.6). CONCLUSION Salvage chemotherapy plays a central role in the management of patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma. CEV/IVE and VI(T) regimens can be recommended as neoadjuvant chemotherapy before local treatment for patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Winter
- Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fasola
- Pediatric Hematology Department, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau-Assistance Publique, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Brisse
- Department of Radiology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Orbach
- Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Friedman GK, Beierle EA, Gillespie GY, Markert JM, Waters AM, Chen CY, Denton NL, Haworth KB, Hutzen B, Leddon JL, Streby KA, Wang PY, Cripe TP. Pediatric cancer gone viral. Part II: potential clinical application of oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 in children. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2015; 2:S2372-7705(16)30018-3. [PMID: 26436134 PMCID: PMC4589754 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic engineered herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) possess many biologic and functional attributes that support their use in clinical trials in children with solid tumors. Tumor cells, in an effort to escape regulatory mechanisms that would impair their growth and progression, have removed many mechanisms that would have protected them from virus infection and eventual virus-mediated destruction. Viruses engineered to exploit this weakness, like mutant HSV, can be safely employed as tumor cell killers, since normal cells retain these antiviral strategies. Many preclinical studies and early phase trials in adults demonstrated that oncolytic HSV can be safely used and are highly effective in killing tumor cells that comprise pediatric malignancies, without generating the toxic side effects of nondiscriminatory chemotherapy or radiation therapy. A variety of engineered viruses have been developed and tested in numerous preclinical models of pediatric cancers and initial trials in patients are underway. In Part II of this review series, we examine the preclinical evidence to support the further advancement of oncolytic HSV in the pediatric population. We discuss clinical advances made to date in this emerging era of oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alicia M Waters
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas L Denton
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kellie B Haworth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Hutzen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer L Leddon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Keri A Streby
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pin-Yi Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy P Cripe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA ; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Reilly BK, Kim A, Peña MT, Dong TA, Rossi C, Murnick JG, Choi SS. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children: review and update. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1477-83. [PMID: 26231745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the clinical presentation, histology, staging, treatment modalities, and survival for pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (non-orbital). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review at a tertiary pediatric hospital of children treated over 18 years (1996-2014) for primary head and neck non-orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. METHODS Medical charts were examined for clinical presentation, staging, histology, genetic abnormalities, treatment modalities, recurrence and complications from treatment. RESULTS Our cohort was 17 children (7 male, 10 female) with rhabdomyosarcoma with a median age of 6.3 years (range <1-19). The majority of tumors were of parameningeal location (13/17) with embryonal histology (11/17). Twenty-nine percent (5/17) demonstrated advanced metastatic disease at initial referral. Fifty-three percent (9/17) had skull base erosion and/or cranial nerve deficits. PET CT scan was performed in 4 patients. The overall survival was 75% for the duration of the study. Primary surgical excision was performed in all 4 patients with nonparameningeal tumors as compared to only 1 patient with a parameningeal tumor. All received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as none had completely resectable disease. CONCLUSION Pediatric non-orbital primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck usually has a rapid onset and presents with advanced disease. Our analysis found that the majority of patients in our series had a cranial neuropathy at presentation, which highlights how advanced the disease is in these patients at presentation. The first mode of surgical intervention should be directed toward biopsy in junction with a metastatic work-up. Primary excision with negative microscopic margins for nonparameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma is ideal to spare radiotherapy but was not achievable in our cohort. The benefits of second-look biopsy after chemotherapy and radiation are still unproven; however, we believe that it was beneficial in two patients in our review for further resection thus decreasing subsequent radiation. Fluorodeoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate disease post treatment may further define the role for second look surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Reilly
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Otolaryngology, George Washington University Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20010, United States.
| | - AeRang Kim
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorder Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW Washington, DC 20010, United States.
| | - Maria T Peña
- Children's National Medical Center, Sheikh Zayed Campus for Advanced Children's Medicine, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20010, United States.
| | - Tiffany A Dong
- George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye St, NW Washington, DC 20037, United States.
| | - Christopher Rossi
- Department of Pathology Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20010, United States.
| | - Jonathan G Murnick
- Children's National Medical Center, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, NW Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Sukgi S Choi
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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43
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Kephart JJG, Tiller RGJ, Crose LES, Slemmons KK, Chen PH, Hinson AR, Bentley RC, Chi JTA, Linardic CM. Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 3 (SFRP3) Is Required for Tumorigenesis of PAX3-FOXO1-Positive Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4868-80. [PMID: 26071485 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma associated with the skeletal muscle lineage. Of the two predominant subtypes, known as embryonal (eRMS) and alveolar (aRMS), aRMS has the poorer prognosis, with a five-year survival rate of <50%. The majority of aRMS tumors express the fusion protein PAX3-FOXO1. As PAX3-FOXO1 has proven chemically intractable, this study aims to identify targetable proteins that are downstream from or cooperate with PAX3-FOXO1 to support tumorigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Microarray analysis of the transcriptomes of human skeletal muscle myoblasts expressing PAX3-FOXO1 revealed alteration of several Wnt pathway gene members, including secreted frizzled related protein 3 (SFRP3), a secreted Wnt pathway inhibitor. Loss-of-function using shRNAs against SFRP3 was used to interrogate the role of SFRP3 in human aRMS cell lines in vitro and conditional murine xenograft systems in vivo. The combination of SFRP3 genetic suppression and the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine was also examined. RESULTS In vitro, suppression of SFRP3 inhibited aRMS cell growth, reduced proliferation accompanied by a G1 arrest and induction of p21, and induced apoptosis. In vivo, doxycycline-inducible suppression of SFRP3 reduced aRMS tumor growth and weight by more than three-fold, in addition to increasing myogenic differentiation and β-catenin signaling. The combination of SFRP3 suppression and vincristine was more effective at reducing aRMS cell growth in vitro than either treatment alone, and ablated tumorigenesis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SFRP3 is necessary for the growth of human aRMS cells both in vitro and in vivo and is a promising new target for investigation in aRMS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cluster Analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Forkhead Box Protein O1
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Mice
- Myoblasts/drug effects
- Myoblasts/metabolism
- PAX3 Transcription Factor
- Paired Box Transcription Factors/genetics
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/drug therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/mortality
- Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar/pathology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Vincristine/pharmacology
- Wnt Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J G Kephart
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosanne G J Tiller
- School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lisa E S Crose
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine K Slemmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ashley R Hinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rex C Bentley
- School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jen-Tsan Ashley Chi
- School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Ramachandran C, Quirin KW, Escalon EA, Lollett IV, Melnick SJ. Therapeutic Effect of Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Curcuma Species with Cancer Drugs in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1152-60. [PMID: 25939344 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic effect of supercritical CO2 extracts of Curcuma species with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs was investigated in human alveolar (SJRH30) and embryonal (RD) rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. The Curcuma amada (mango ginger) (CA) extract showed the highest levels of cytotoxicity with inhibitory concentration IC50 values of 7.133 µg/ml and 7.501 µg/ml for SJRH30 and RD cell lines, respectively, as compared with Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric) extracts. CA showed synergistic cytotoxic effects with vinblastine (VBL) and cyclophosphamide (CP) as indicated by the combination index values of <1 for VBL + CA, CP + CA, and VBL + CP + CA combinations in both embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. When lower doses of CA (0.1-0.2 µg/ml) were combined with cancer drugs like CP and VBL, caspase-3 activity increased significantly compared with individual agents and correlated with the percentage of apoptotic cells. CA in combination with VBL and CP induced a higher percentage of apoptosis than single agents in both cell lines. CA also modulated the expression of genes associated with intrinsic pathway of apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, and p53) and also inhibited the expression of genes associated with inflammation such as COX-2 and NF-κB. Xenograft studies with SJRH30 tumors in nude mice showed that CA treatment inhibited tumor growth rate with and without VBL and increased the survival rate significantly. These results suggest that CA can be evaluated further as an adjuvant with cancer drugs for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheppail Ramachandran
- Department of Pathology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, 33155, USA.,Dharma Biomedical LLC, Miami, FL, 33156, USA
| | | | - Enrique A Escalon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, 33155, USA
| | | | - Steven J Melnick
- Department of Pathology, Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, 33155, USA.,Dharma Biomedical LLC, Miami, FL, 33156, USA
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A rapid one-generation genetic screen in a Drosophila model to capture rhabdomyosarcoma effectors and therapeutic targets. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 5:205-17. [PMID: 25491943 PMCID: PMC4321029 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.015818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive childhood malignancy of neoplastic muscle-lineage precursors that fail to terminally differentiate into syncytial muscle. The most aggressive form of RMS, alveolar-RMS, is driven by misexpression of the PAX-FOXO1 oncoprotein, which is generated by recurrent chromosomal translocations that fuse either the PAX3 or PAX7 gene to FOXO1. The molecular underpinnings of PAX-FOXO1−mediated RMS pathogenesis remain unclear, however, and clinical outcomes poor. Here, we report a new approach to dissect RMS, exploiting a highly efficient Drosophila PAX7-FOXO1 model uniquely configured to uncover PAX-FOXO1 RMS genetic effectors in only one generation. With this system, we have performed a comprehensive deletion screen against the Drosophila autosomes and demonstrate that mutation of Mef2, a myogenesis lynchpin in both flies and mammals, dominantly suppresses PAX7-FOXO1 pathogenicity and acts as a PAX7-FOXO1 gene target. Additionally, we reveal that mutation of mastermind, a gene encoding a MEF2 transcriptional coactivator, similarly suppresses PAX7-FOXO1, further pointing toward MEF2 transcriptional activity as a PAX-FOXO1 underpinning. These studies show the utility of the PAX-FOXO1 Drosophila system as a robust one-generation (F1) RMS gene discovery platform and demonstrate how Drosophila transgenic conditional expression models can be configured for the rapid dissection of human disease.
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46
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Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma causing acute compartment syndrome of the forearm: a case report and review of the literature. J Hand Microsurg 2014; 6:92-5. [PMID: 25414558 DOI: 10.1007/s12593-013-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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47
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PAX genes in childhood oncogenesis: developmental biology gone awry? Oncogene 2014; 34:2681-9. [PMID: 25043308 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Childhood solid tumors often arise from embryonal-like cells, which are distinct from the epithelial cancers observed in adults, and etiologically can be considered as 'developmental patterning gone awry'. Paired-box (PAX) genes encode a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that are important regulators of cell lineage specification, migration and tissue patterning. PAX loss-of-function mutations are well known to cause potent developmental phenotypes in animal models and underlie genetic disease in humans, whereas dysregulation and/or genetic modification of PAX genes have been shown to function as critical triggers for human tumorigenesis. Consequently, exploring PAX-related pathobiology generates insights into both normal developmental biology and key molecular mechanisms that underlie pediatric cancer, which are the topics of this review.
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48
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Bone marrow metastases from alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with impressive FDG PET/CT finding but less-revealing bone scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 2014; 38:988-91. [PMID: 24152640 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was performed in a 26-year-old man with a known alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma for staging. The PET/CT scan showed abnormally increased FDG activity involving almost all bones in the imaged regions. In contrast, 99mTc-MDP whole-body bone scan demonstrated only very limited bone metastases.
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IGF2BP1 controls cell death and drug resistance in rhabdomyosarcomas by regulating translation of cIAP1. Oncogene 2014; 34:1532-41. [PMID: 24704827 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a neoplasm characterised by undifferentiated myoblasts, is the most common soft tissue tumour of childhood. Although aggressive treatment of RMS could provide long-term benefit, resistance to current therapies is an ongoing problem. We report here that insulin-like growth factor 2-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), an oncofetal protein, is expressed in RMS patient-derived cell lines and in primary tumours where it drives translation of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1), a key regulator of the nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway and of caspase-8-mediated cell death. We demonstrate that reducing the levels of cIAP1 in RMS, either by IGF2BP1 knockdown or by IAP antagonists, sensitises these cells to tumour necrosis factor-α-mediated cell death. Finally, we show that targeting cIAP1 by IAP antagonists delays RMS tumour growth and improve survival in mice. Our results identify IGF2BP1 as a critical translational regulator of cIAP1-mediated apoptotic resistance in RMS and advocate for the combined use of IAP antagonists and tumour necrosis factor-α as a therapeutic approach for this type of cancer.
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50
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Soft Tissue Neoplasms (Fat, Muscle). Dermatopathology (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-5448-8_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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