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Jin J, Yue L, Lu Y, Zhen Z, Wu H, Shan X. Changes in serum bone turnover markers and bone mineral density Z-score in children with osteogenesis imperfecta after zoledronic acid treatment. J Investig Med 2024; 72:715-722. [PMID: 38715223 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241254047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the changes in the levels of serum bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score in pediatric patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) after intravenous bisphosphonate therapy and their association with age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This retrospective study analyzed data from 10 pediatric OI patients treated with intravenous zoledronic acid for over 1 year. Patients' clinical data were collected. The levels of BTMs and BMD Z-score before and after zoledronic acid treatment were analyzed. Significant improvement in BMD Z-score was observed after 6 and 12 months of treatment compared to baseline (all p < 0.05). The N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) levels decreased over time (all p < 0.05), indicating that zoledronic acid treatment decreased bone turnover. The levels of beta-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen remained stable after treatment. No correlation was found between PINP level and age, eGFR, or BMD (all p > 0.05). Bisphosphonate treatment can improve BMD and decrease bone turnover (indicated by decreased levels of PINP) in pediatric OI patients. PINP may serve as an independent indicator for monitoring the efficacy of bisphosphonate treatment in pediatric OI patients, particularly in those under the age of 6, where standardized BMD Z-score criteria are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Jin
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Heredity and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luo Yue
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Heredity and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yili Lu
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Heredity and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhichao Zhen
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Heredity and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Heredity and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Heredity and Metabolism Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Masiero C, Aresi C, Forlino A, Tonelli F. Zebrafish Models for Skeletal and Extraskeletal Osteogenesis Imperfecta Features: Unveiling Pathophysiology and Paving the Way for Drug Discovery. Calcif Tissue Int 2024:10.1007/s00223-024-01282-5. [PMID: 39320469 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
In the last decades, the easy genetic manipulation, the external fertilization, the high percentage of homology with human genes and the reduced husbandry costs compared to rodents, made zebrafish a valid model for studying human diseases and for developing new therapeutical strategies. Since zebrafish shares with mammals the same bone cells and ossification types, it became widely used to dissect mechanisms and possible new therapeutic approaches in the field of common and rare bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), respectively. OI is a heritable skeletal disorder caused by defects in gene encoding collagen I or proteins/enzymes necessary for collagen I synthesis and secretion. Nevertheless, OI patients can be also characterized by extraskeletal manifestations such as dentinogenesis imperfecta, muscle weakness, cardiac valve and pulmonary abnormalities and skin laxity. In this review, we provide an overview of the available zebrafish models for both dominant and recessive forms of OI. An updated description of all the main similarities and differences between zebrafish and mammal skeleton, muscle, heart and skin, will be also discussed. Finally, a list of high- and low-throughput techniques available to exploit both larvae and adult OI zebrafish models as unique tools for the discovery of new therapeutic approaches will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Masiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carla Aresi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3B, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Fernandes ACN, Félix TM. Evaluation of functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2024; 43:e2023193. [PMID: 39258640 PMCID: PMC11385739 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2025/43/2023193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall's Tau-b test. RESULTS The participants involved in this study were 6-18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Têmis Maria Félix
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Chen PJ, Mehta S, Dutra EH, Yadav S. Alendronate treatment rescues the effects of compressive loading of TMJ in osteogenesis imperfecta mice. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:25. [PMID: 39004686 PMCID: PMC11247069 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of connective tissue caused by mutations associated with type I collagen, which results in defective extracellular matrix in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage and subchondral bone. TMJ is a fibrocartilaginous joint expressing type I collagen both in the cartilage and the subchondral bone. In the present study the effects of alendronate and altered loading of the TMJ was analyzed both in male and female OI mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight, 10-weeks-old male and female OI mice were divided into 3 groups: (1) Control group: unloaded group, (2) Saline + Loaded: Saline was injected for 2 weeks and then TMJ of mice was loaded for 5 days, (3) alendronate + loaded: alendronate was injected for 2 weeks and then TMJ of mice was loaded for 5 days. Mice in all the groups were euthanized 24-h after the final loading. RESULTS Alendronate pretreatment led to significant increase in bone volume and tissue density. Histomorphometrically, alendronate treatment led to increase in mineralization, cartilage thickness and proteoglycan distribution. Increased mineralization paralleled decreased osteoclastic activity. Our immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13 and ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5. CONCLUSION The findings of this research support that alendronate prevented the detrimental effects of loading on the extracellular matrix of the TMJ cartilage and subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jung Chen
- Department of Growth and Development, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln/Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Shivam Mehta
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eliane H Dutra
- Division of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Department of Growth and Development, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln/Omaha, NE, USA
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Yuan Y, Xu YF, Feng C, Liu YD, Zhang WS, Huang PJ, Ma KK, Zhou FY, Cheng ZT, Yang Z, Wang L, Cheng XG. Low muscle density in children with osteogenesis imperfecta using opportunistic low-dose chest CT: a case-control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:478. [PMID: 38890605 PMCID: PMC11184700 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the muscle differences in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) using opportunistic low-dose chest CT and to compare different methods for the segmentation of muscle in children. METHODS This single center retrospective study enrolled children with OI and controls undergoing opportunistic low-dose chest CT obtained during the COVID pandemic. From the CT images, muscle size (cross-sectional area) and density (mean Hounsfield Units [HU]) of the trunk muscles were measured at the mid-T4 and the mid-T10 level using two methods, the fixed thresholds and the Gaussian mixture model. The Bland-Altman method was also used to compute the strength of agreement between two methods. Comparison of muscle results between OI and controls were analyzed with Student t tests. RESULTS 20 children with OI (mean age, 9.1 ± 3.3 years, 15 males) and 40 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Mean differences between two methods were good. Children with OI had lower T4 and T10 muscle density than controls measured by the fixed thresholds (41.2 HU vs. 48.0 HU, p < 0.01; 37.3 HU vs. 45.9 HU, p < 0.01). However, children with OI had lower T4 muscle size, T4 muscle density, T10 muscle size and T10 muscle density than controls measured by the Gaussian mixture model (110.9 vs. 127.2 cm2, p = 0.03; 44.6 HU vs. 51.3 HU, p < 0.01; 72.6 vs. 88.0 cm2, p = 0.01; 41.6 HU vs. 50.3 HU, p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Children with OI had lower trunk muscle density indicating that OI might also impair muscle quality. Moreover, the fixed thresholds may not be suitable for segmentation of muscle in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Yan-Dong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Wen-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Peng-Ju Huang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Kang-Kang Ma
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Feng-Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Zi-Tong Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Xiao-Guang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Orthopaedics, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Beijing, 100035, China
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Coussens M, Lapauw B, De Wandele I, Malfait F, Pocovi NC, Pacey V, Calders P. Impaired muscle parameters in adults with mild to severe types of osteogenesis imperfecta: a cross-sectional study. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:260-270. [PMID: 38477793 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Impaired muscle parameters may further compromise the already compromised skeleton in individuals with OI. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare muscle function and body composition in adults with various OI types and healthy controls. Sixty-eight adults with OI (mean age 42.2 yr; 27 men) and 68 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Maximal isometric muscle force was assessed by handheld dynamometry (hand grip, hip flexors, shoulder abductors, and ankle dorsiflexors), muscle endurance by posture maintenance tests (shoulder abduction, hip flexion, and wall sit), and functional lower limb strength by 30-s chair rise test. In a sub cohort, dynamic muscle function (peak power and force) was assessed by a ground reaction force plate, and lean and fat mass, muscle and fat cross-sectional area (CSA), and muscle density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Multiple linear regression models were fitted with group (OI type I, III, IV/V, or controls), country, sex, and age in the fixed effects part. Overall, adults with various types of OI had lower isometric, endurance, and functional muscle strength (mean difference [MD] = OI type I: 19-43%, OI type IV/V: 25-68%, OI type III: 20-72%) compared to controls. Furthermore, adults with OI type I had lower dynamic muscle function (peak force [MD = 25-29%] and power [MD = 18-60%]), lean mass (MD = 10-17%), muscle CSA (MD = 9-21%), and muscle density (MD = 2-3%) but higher adiposity indices (MD = 24-42%) compared to controls. Functional lower limb strength and maximal muscle force were significantly different between OI types, whereas muscle endurance was not. To conclude, adults with OI present with markedly impaired muscle function which may partially be explained by their altered body composition. Our findings emphasize the need for proper assessment of various muscle parameters and (research into) appropriate and safe muscle strengthening approaches in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Coussens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, OV, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, OV, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, OV, Belgium
- Reference Centre for Rare Bone, Calcium and Phosphate Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, OV, Belgium
| | - Inge De Wandele
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, OV, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Reference Centre for Rare Bone, Calcium and Phosphate Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, OV, Belgium
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, OV, Belgium
| | - Natasha C Pocovi
- Department of Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Verity Pacey
- Department of Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, OV, Belgium
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Sui H, Dou J, Shi B, Cheng X. The reciprocity of skeletal muscle and bone: an evolving view from mechanical coupling, secretory crosstalk to stem cell exchange. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1349253. [PMID: 38505709 PMCID: PMC10949226 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1349253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Muscle and bone constitute the two main parts of the musculoskeletal system and generate an intricately coordinated motion system. The crosstalk between muscle and bone has been under investigation, leading to revolutionary perspectives in recent years. Method and results: In this review, the evolving concept of muscle-bone interaction from mechanical coupling, secretory crosstalk to stem cell exchange was explained in sequence. The theory of mechanical coupling stems from the observation that the development and maintenance of bone mass are largely dependent on muscle-derived mechanical loads, which was later proved by Wolff's law, Utah paradigm and Mechanostat hypothesis. Then bone and muscle are gradually recognized as endocrine organs, which can secrete various cytokines to modulate the tissue homeostasis and remodeling to each other. The latest view presented muscle-bone interaction in a more direct way: the resident mesenchymal stromal cell in the skeletal muscle, i.e., fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), could migrate to the bone injury site and contribute to bone regeneration. Emerging evidence even reveals the ectopic source of FAPs from tissue outside the musculoskeletal system, highlighting its dynamic property. Conclusion: FAPs have been established as the critical cell connecting muscle and bone, which provides a new modality to study inter-tissue communication. A comprehensive and integrated perspective of muscle and bone will facilitate in-depth research in the musculoskeletal system and promote novel therapeutic avenues in treating musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Coussens M, Lapauw B, Verroken C, Goemaere S, De Wandele I, Malfait F, Banica T, Calders P. Bone Mass, Density, Geometry, and Stress-Strain Index in Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I and Their Associations With Physical Activity and Muscle Function Parameters. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2456-2465. [PMID: 36239015 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous heritable connective tissue disorder mainly characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture risk. This study investigated bone parameters in adults with OI type I and their relationship with physical activity and muscle function parameters in comparison with controls. A total of 27 (15 women, 12 men) adults with OI type I and 27 healthy age- and sex-matched controls, with mean age 45 years (range 18-72 years), were included. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed at the lower leg and forearm to assess muscle density, muscle and fat cross-sectional area (CSA) (66% site), and trabecular (4% site) and cortical bone parameters (66% site) at radius and tibia. Physical activity (step count and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) was assessed by accelerometry, muscle function parameters by Leonardo mechanography (single two-legged jump - peak power), and hand grip dynamometry (maximal hand grip strength). Overall, the OI type I group had significantly lower muscle CSA at the lower leg and forearm, lower trabecular and cortical bone mineral content, lower polar stress-strain index (SSIp), and smaller cortices but higher cortical bone mineral density and lower step count and MVPA in comparison with controls. Maximal hand grip strength was positively associated with SSIp at radius (p = 0.012) in the control group but not in the OI type I group (p = 0.338) (difference in associations: p = 0.012). No other significantly different associations between bone and muscle function parameters or physical activity (step count or MVPA) were found in the OI type I versus control group. We conclude that adults with OI type I have smaller bones, lower trabecular bone mass, lower estimates of bone strength, and higher cortical density in comparison with controls and that there are some indications of a disturbed biomechanical muscle-bone relationship in adults with OI type I. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Coussens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Reference Centre for Rare Bone, Calcium and Phosphate Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Verroken
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Reference Centre for Rare Bone, Calcium and Phosphate Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goemaere
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Reference Centre for Rare Bone, Calcium and Phosphate Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge De Wandele
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Reference Centre for Rare Bone, Calcium and Phosphate Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thiberiu Banica
- Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Gremminger VL, Omosule CL, Crawford TK, Cunningham R, Rector RS, Phillips CL. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and whole-body metabolic energetics in the +/G610C mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 136:315-323. [PMID: 35725939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is rare heritable connective tissue disorder that most often arises from mutations in the type I collagen genes, COL1A1 and COL1A2, displaying a range of symptoms including skeletal fragility, short stature, blue-gray sclera, and muscle weakness. Recent investigations into the intrinsic muscle weakness have demonstrated reduced contractile generating force in some murine models consistent with patient population studies, as well as alterations in whole body bioenergetics. Muscle weakness is found in approximately 80% of patients and has been equivocal in OI mouse models. Understanding the mechanism responsible for OI muscle weakness is crucial in building our knowledge of muscle bone cross-talk via mechanotransduction and biochemical signaling, and for potential novel therapeutic approaches. In this study we evaluated skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and whole-body bioenergetics in the heterozygous +/G610C (Amish) mouse modeling mild/moderate human type I/VI OI and minimal skeletal muscle weakness. Our analyses revealed several changes in the +/G610C mouse relative to their wildtype littermates including reduced state 3 mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, increased Parkin and p62 protein content, and an increased respiratory quotient. These changes may represent the ability of the +/G610C mouse to compensate for mitochondrial and metabolic changes that may arise due to type I collagen mutations and may also account for the lack of muscle weakness observed in the +/G610C model relative to the more severe OI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Gremminger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Catherine L Omosule
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Tara K Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Rory Cunningham
- Departments of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology and Medicine-GI, University of Missouri, Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, United States of America
| | - R Scott Rector
- Departments of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology and Medicine-GI, University of Missouri, Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, United States of America
| | - Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States of America.
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10
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Franzone JM, Sargent BM, Dang Do AN, Knue M, Marini JC, Kruse RW. Stress Shielding in the Setting of Osteogenesis Imperfecta and the Effect of Downsizing an Intramedullary Rod: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2021; 11:01709767-202109000-00042. [PMID: 34297706 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.20.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE Cortical atrophy, or stress shielding, secondary to a large-diameter femoral intramedullary rod was noted over almost a decade in a now 14-year-old girl with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). After an initial minimally invasive unsuccessful revision, we downsized the left femur rod with realignment and noted restoration of the left femur cortical thickness. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the significant functional impact of stress shielding and its evolution over a protracted period and outline treatment principles. To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of stress shielding of a long bone in the setting of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Franzone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Brandi M Sargent
- Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Pediatric Residency Program, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - An N Dang Do
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marianne Knue
- Pediatric Residency Program, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joan C Marini
- Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard W Kruse
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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Gremminger VL, Phillips CL. Impact of Intrinsic Muscle Weakness on Muscle-Bone Crosstalk in Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4963. [PMID: 34066978 PMCID: PMC8125032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone and muscle are highly synergistic tissues that communicate extensively via mechanotransduction and biochemical signaling. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder of severe bone fragility and recently recognized skeletal muscle weakness. The presence of impaired bone and muscle in OI leads to a continuous cycle of altered muscle-bone crosstalk with weak muscles further compromising bone and vice versa. Currently, there is no cure for OI and understanding the pathogenesis of the skeletal muscle weakness in relation to the bone pathogenesis of OI in light of the critical role of muscle-bone crosstalk is essential to developing and identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies for OI. This review will highlight how impaired skeletal muscle function contributes to the pathophysiology of OI and how this phenomenon further perpetuates bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte L. Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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12
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Gremminger VL, Harrelson EN, Crawford TK, Ohler A, Schulz LC, Rector RS, Phillips CL. Skeletal muscle specific mitochondrial dysfunction and altered energy metabolism in a murine model (oim/oim) of severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:244-253. [PMID: 33674196 PMCID: PMC8135105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder with patients exhibiting bone fragility and muscle weakness. The synergistic biochemical and biomechanical relationship between bone and muscle is a critical potential therapeutic target, such that muscle weakness should not be ignored. Previous studies demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction in the skeletal muscle of oim/oim mice, which model a severe human type III OI. Here, we further characterize this mitochondrial dysfunction and evaluate several parameters of whole body and skeletal muscle metabolism. We demonstrate reduced mitochondrial respiration in female gastrocnemius muscle, but not in liver or heart mitochondria, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is not global in the oim/oim mouse. Myosin heavy chain fiber type distributions were altered in the oim/oim soleus muscle with a decrease (-33 to 50%) in type I myofibers and an increase (+31%) in type IIa myofibers relative to their wildtype (WT) littermates. Additionally, altered body composition and increased energy expenditure were observed oim/oim mice relative to WT littermates. These results suggest that skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to whole body metabolic alterations and to skeletal muscle weakness in the oim/oim mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Gremminger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Emily N Harrelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Tara K Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Adrienne Ohler
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Laura C Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - R Scott Rector
- Departments of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology and Medicine-GI, University of Missouri, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America
| | - Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America; Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
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13
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Tang L, An S, Zhang Z, Fan X, Guo J, Sun L, Ta D. MSTN is a key mediator for low-intensity pulsed ultrasound preventing bone loss in hindlimb-suspended rats. Bone 2021; 143:115610. [PMID: 32829040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used to accelerate bone fracture healing. However, the issue whether LIPUS is effective in preventing osteoporosis has not been clarified, and if so, what possible mechanisms might be responsible. Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of muscle growth, and its absence will trigger a positive response to bone. In this study, we examined the effects of LIPUS on bone micro-structure, mechanical properties and damage healing of hindlimb-suspended rats, and investigated whether the inhibition of MSTN plays a role in this process. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal control group (NC), Hind limb suspension group (HLS), Hind limb suspension and 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation group (HLS+ 80 mW/cm2), Hind limb suspension and 30 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation group (HLS+ 30 mW/cm2). The HLS+ 80 mW/cm2 rats were treated with LIPUS (1 MHz, 80 mW/cm2) and the HLS+ 30 mW/cm2 rats were treated with LIPUS (1 MHz, 30 mW/cm2) on the femur for 20 min/day for 28 days. MC3T3-E1 cells were respectively cultured with the serum of wild type mouse and MSTN knockout mouse at 1% concentration for 7 days. After 28 days, LIPUS effectively prevented the destruction of bone microstructure and the decline of mechanical properties, and promoted bone defect healing in the tail-suspended rats. In addition, LIPUS effectively reduced the MSTN content in the quadriceps and serum of the tail-suspended rats, inhibited its receptor and downstream signaling molecules and activated the Wnt signaling pathway in femurs. Growth of MC-3T3-E1 cell cultured with the serum of MSTN knockout mice was superior to that with wild mice serum on day 7. These results indicate that MSTN is a key mediator in LIPUS preventing bone loss caused by hindlimb-suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shasha An
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Dean Ta
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China.
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14
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Marom R, Rabenhorst BM, Morello R. Osteogenesis imperfecta: an update on clinical features and therapies. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 183:R95-R106. [PMID: 32621590 PMCID: PMC7694877 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized by bone fragility and skeletal deformities. While the majority of cases are associated with pathogenic variants in COL1A1 and COL1A2, the genes encoding type I collagen, up to 25% of cases are associated with other genes that function within the collagen biosynthesis pathway or are involved in osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Clinically, OI is heterogeneous in features and variable in severity. In addition to the skeletal findings, it can affect multiple systems including dental and craniofacial abnormalities, muscle weakness, hearing loss, respiratory and cardiovascular complications. A multi-disciplinary approach to care is recommended to address not only the fractures, reduced mobility, growth and bone pain but also other extra-skeletal manifestations. While bisphosphonates remain the mainstay of treatment in OI, new strategies are being explored, such as sclerostin inhibitory antibodies and TGF beta inhibition, to address not only the low bone mineral density but also the inherent bone fragility. Studies in animal models have expanded the understanding of pathomechanisms of OI and, along with ongoing clinical trials, will allow to develop better therapeutic approaches for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Brien M. Rabenhorst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Roy Morello
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Division of Genetics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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15
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Berman AG, Organ JM, Allen MR, Wallace JM. Muscle contraction induces osteogenic levels of cortical bone strain despite muscle weakness in a mouse model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Bone 2020; 132:115061. [PMID: 31805389 PMCID: PMC7720097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical interactions between muscle and bone have long been recognized as integral to bone integrity. However, few studies have directly measured these interactions within the context of musculoskeletal disease. In this study, the osteogenesis imperfecta murine model (oim/oim) was utilized because it has both reduced bone and muscle properties, allowing direct assessment of whether weakened muscle is able to engender strain on weakened bone. To do so, a strain gauge was attached to the tibia of healthy and oim/oim mice, muscles within the posterior quadrant of the lower hind limb were stimulated, and bone strain during muscle contraction was measured. Results indicated that the relationship between maximum muscle torque and maximum engendered strain is altered in oim/oim bone, with less torque required to engender strain compare to wild-type and heterozygous mice. Maximum muscle torque at 150 Hz stimulation frequency was able to engender ~1500 μɛ in oim/oim animals. However, even though the strain engendered in the oim/oim mice was high relative to historical bone formation thresholds, the maximum strain values were still significantly lower than that of the wild-type mice. These results are promising in that they suggest that muscle stimulation may be a viable means of inducing bone formation in oim/oim and potentially other disease models where muscle weakness/atrophy exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia G Berman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason M Organ
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to outline the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and natural history of osteogenesis imperfecta, and to describe the development of new treatments for this disorder. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of next-generation sequencing technology has led to better understanding of the genetic cause of osteogenesis imperfecta and enabled cost-effective and timely diagnosis via expanded gene panels and exome or genome sequencing. Clinically, despite genetic heterogeneity, different forms of osteogenesis imperfecta share similar features that include connective tissue and systemic manifestations in addition to bone fragility. Thus, the goals of treatment in osteogenesis imperfecta extend beyond decreasing the risk of fracture, to include the maximization of growth and mobility, and the management of extraskeletal complications. The standard of care in pediatric patients is bisphosphonates therapy. Ongoing preclinical studies in osteogenesis imperfecta mouse models and clinical studies in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta have been instrumental in the development of new and targeted therapeutic approaches, such as sclerostin inhibition and transforming growth factor-β inhibition. SUMMARY Osteogenesis imperfecta is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by bone fragility and extraskeletal manifestations. Better understanding of the mechanisms of osteogenesis imperfecta will enable the development of much needed targeted therapies to improve the outcome in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston TX, USA
| | - Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston TX, USA
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17
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Bonewald L. Use it or lose it to age: A review of bone and muscle communication. Bone 2019; 120:212-218. [PMID: 30408611 PMCID: PMC6360108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, it was assumed that the only interaction between muscle and bone is mechanical, that the muscle acts as a pulley and the bone as a lever to move the organism. A relatively new concept is that muscle, especially contracted muscle, acts as a secretory organ, regulating metabolism. An even newer concept is that bone, especially the osteocytes in bone, act as endocrine cells targeting other organs such as kidney and more recently, muscle. These two new concepts logically led to the third concept: that muscle and bone communicate via soluble factors. Crosstalk occurs through muscle factors such as myostatin, irisin, and a muscle metabolite, β-aminoisobutyric acid, BAIBA, and through bone factors such as osteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta, TGFβ, Prostaglandin E2, PGE2 and Wnts. Some of these factors have positive and some negative effects on the opposing tissue. One feature both bone and muscle have in common is that their tissues are mechanically loaded and many of their secreted factors are regulated by load. This mechanical loading, also known as exercise, has beneficial effects on many systems leading to the hypothesis that muscle and bone factors can be responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise. Many of the characteristics of aging and diseases associated with aging such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis and neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia, are delayed by exercise. This beneficial effect has been ascribed to increased blood flow increasing oxygen and nutrients, but could also be due to the secretome of the musculoskeletal system as outlined in this review.
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18
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Tauer JT, Robinson ME, Rauch F. Osteogenesis Imperfecta: New Perspectives From Clinical and Translational Research. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10174. [PMID: 31485550 PMCID: PMC6715783 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a monogenic bone fragility disorder that usually is caused by mutations in one of the two genes coding for collagen type I alpha chains, COL1A1 or COL1A2. Mutations in at least 18 other genes can also lead to an OI phenotype. As genetic testing is more widely used, mutations in these genes are also more frequently discovered in individuals who have a propensity for fractures, but who do not have other typical clinical characteristics of OI. Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy is still the most widely used drug treatment approach. Preclinical studies in OI mouse models have shown encouraging effects when the antiresorptive effect of a bisphosphonate was combined with bone anabolic therapy using a sclerostin antibody. Other novel experimental treatment approaches include inhibition of transforming growth factor beta signaling with a neutralizing antibody and the inhibition of myostatin and activin A by a soluble activin receptor 2B. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children Montreal Quebec Canada
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19
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Salva JE, Roberts RR, Stucky TS, Merrill AE. Nuclear FGFR2 regulates musculoskeletal integration within the developing limb. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:233-246. [PMID: 30620790 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bent bone dysplasia syndrome (BBDS), a congenital skeletal disorder caused by dominant mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), is characterized by bowed long bones within the limbs. We previously showed that the FGFR2 mutations in BBDS enhance nuclear and nucleolar localization of the receptor; however, exactly how shifts in subcellular distribution of FGFR2 affect limb development remained unknown. RESULTS Targeted expression of the BBDS mutations in the lateral plate mesoderm of the developing chick induced angulated hindlimbs, a hallmark feature of the disease. Whole-mount analysis of the underlying skeleton revealed bent long bones with shortened bone collars and, in severe cases, dysmorphic epiphyses. Epiphyseal changes were also correlated with joint dislocations and contractures. Histological analysis revealed that bent long bones and joint defects were closely associated with irregularities in skeletal muscle patterning and tendon-to-bone attachment. The spectrum of limb phenotypes induced by the BBDS mutations were recapitulated by targeted expression of wild-type FGFR2 appended with nuclear and nucleolar localization signals. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the bent long bones in BBDS arise from disruptions in musculoskeletal integration and that increased nuclear and nucleolar localization of FGFR2 plays a mechanistic role in the disease phenotype. 248:233-246, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Salva
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan R Roberts
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Taylor S Stucky
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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