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潘 子, 周 雪, 曹 志, 潘 剑. [Latest Findings on the Role of RUNX1 in Bone Development and Disorders]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:256-262. [PMID: 38645858 PMCID: PMC11026898 DOI: 10.12182/20240360103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX1) is a transcription factor closely involved in hematopoiesis. RUNX1 gene mutation plays an essential pathogenic role in the initiation and development of hematological tumors, especially in acute myeloid leukemia. Recent studies have shown that RUNX1 is also involved in the regulation of bone development and the pathological progression of bone-related diseases. RUNX1 promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts and modulates the maturation and extracellular matrix formation of chondrocytes. The expression of RUNX1 in mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts is of great significance for maintaining normal bone development and the mass and quality of bones. RUNX1 also inhibits the differentiation and bone resorptive activities of osteoclasts, which may be influenced by sexual dimorphism. In addition, RUNX1 deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, delayed fracture healing, and osteoporosis, which was revealed by the RUNX1 conditional knockout modeling in mice. However, the roles of RUNX1 in regulating the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes, the sexual dimorphism of activities of osteoclasts, as well as bone loss in diabetes mellitus, senescence, infection, chronic inflammation, etc, are still not fully understood. This review provides a systematic summary of the research progress concerning RUNX1 in the field of bone biology, offering new ideas for using RUNX1 as a potential target for bone related diseases, especially osteoarthritis, delayed fracture healing, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 子建 潘
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 口腔颌面外科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - 雪儿 周
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 口腔颌面外科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - 志炜 曹
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 口腔颌面外科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - 剑 潘
- 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 口腔颌面外科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Trompet D, Kurenkova AD, Zhou B, Li L, Dregval O, Usanova AP, Chu TL, Are A, Nedorubov AA, Kasper M, Chagin AS. Stimulation of skeletal stem cells in the growth plate promotes linear bone growth. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e165226. [PMID: 38516888 PMCID: PMC11063944 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, skeletal stem cells were shown to be present in the epiphyseal growth plate (epiphyseal skeletal stem cells, epSSCs), but their function in connection with linear bone growth remains unknown. Here, we explore the possibility that modulating the number of epSSCs can correct differences in leg length. First, we examined regulation of the number and activity of epSSCs by Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Both systemic activation of Hh pathway with Smoothened agonist (SAG) and genetic activation of Hh pathway by Patched1 (Ptch1) ablation in Pthrp-creER Ptch1fl/fl tdTomato mice promoted proliferation of epSSCs and clonal enlargement. Transient intra-articular administration of SAG also elevated the number of epSSCs. When SAG-containing beads were implanted into the femoral secondary ossification center of 1 leg of rats, this leg was significantly longer 1 month later than the contralateral leg implanted with vehicle-containing beads, an effect that was even more pronounced 2 and 6 months after implantation. We conclude that Hh signaling activates growth plate epSSCs, which effectively leads to increased longitudinal growth of bones. This opens therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of differences in leg length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Trompet
- Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasiia D. Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Baoyi Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ostap Dregval
- Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna P. Usanova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tsz Long Chu
- Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Are
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei A. Nedorubov
- Center for Preclinical Studies, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S. Chagin
- Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schlundt C, Saß RA, Bucher CH, Bartosch S, Hauser AE, Volk HD, Duda GN, Schmidt-Bleek K. Complex Spatio-Temporal Interplay of Distinct Immune and Bone Cell Subsets during Bone Fracture Healing. Cells 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 38201244 PMCID: PMC10777943 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healing of a bone injury is a highly complex process involving a multitude of different tissue and cell types, including immune cells, which play a major role in the initiation and progression of bone regeneration. METHODS We histologically analyzed the spatio-temporal occurrence of cells of the innate immune system (macrophages), the adaptive immune system (B and T lymphocytes), and bone cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) in the fracture area of a femoral osteotomy over the healing time. This study was performed in a bone osteotomy gap mouse model. We also investigated two key challenges of successful bone regeneration: hypoxia and revascularization. RESULTS Macrophages were present in and around the fracture gap throughout the entire healing period. The switch from initially pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype coincided with the revascularization as well as the appearance of osteoblasts in the fracture area. This indicates that M2 macrophages are necessary for the restoration of vessels and that they also play an orchestrating role in osteoblastogenesis during bone healing. The presence of adaptive immune cells throughout the healing process emphasizes their essential role for regenerative processes that exceeds a mere pathogen defense. B and T cells co-localize consistently with bone cells throughout the healing process, consolidating their crucial role in guiding bone formation. These histological data provide, for the first time, comprehensive information about the complex interrelationships of the cellular network during the entire bone healing process in one standardized set up. With this, an overall picture of the spatio-temporal interplay of cellular key players in a bone healing scenario has been created. CONCLUSIONS A spatio-temporal distribution of immune cells, bone cells, and factors driving bone healing at time points that are decisive for this process-especially during the initial steps of inflammation and revascularization, as well as the soft and hard callus phases-has been visualized. The results show that the bone healing cascade does not consist of five distinct, consecutive phases but is a rather complex interrelated and continuous process of events, especially at the onset of healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schlundt
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Radost A. Saß
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian H. Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sabine Bartosch
- Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Plarz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
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