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Orhurhu V, Olusunmade M, Urits I, Viswanath O, Peck J, Orhurhu MS, Adekoya P, Hirji S, Sampson J, Simopoulos T, Jatinder G. Trends of Opioid Use Disorder Among Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Pain. Pain Pract 2019; 19:656-663. [PMID: 31077526 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic pain treated with opioids are at an increased risk for opioid misuse or opioid use disorder (OUD). Recent years have seen a stark increase in abuse, misuse, and diversion of prescription opioid medications. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in changing rates of opioid use disorder among patients with chronic pain. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database identified chronic pain admissions with OUD from 2011 to 2015. Patients were identified from the NIS database using International Classification of Diseases (9th and 10th revisions) diagnosis codes for chronic pain and OUD. Annual estimates and trends were determined for OUD, patient characteristics, OUD among subgroups of chronic pain conditions, and discharge diagnosis. RESULTS We identified 10.3 million patients with chronic pain. Of these, 680,631 patients were diagnosed with OUD. The number of patients with OUD increased from 109,222 in 2011 to 172,680 in 2015 (P < 0.001). Similarly, there were upward trends of OUD among females (53.2% to 54.5%; P = 0.09), patients 65 to 84 years of age (11.8% to 17%; P < 0.001), Medicare-insured patients (39.5% to 46.0%; P < 0.01), patients with low annual household incomes (27.8% to 33.3%; P < 0.001), and patients with cannabinoid use disorder (7.2% to 8.3%; P = 0.01). The prevalence of OUD increased from 2011 to 2015 in patients with chronic regional pain syndrome (5.53% to 7.46%; P = 0.01) and spondylosis (1.32% to 1.81%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the prevalence of OUD increased substantially from 2011 to 2015. Disparities of OUD with increasing opioid use among vulnerable populations including women, those with Medicare insurance, tobacco use disorder, and low annual income should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vwaire Orhurhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Mayowa Olusunmade
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.,Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Jacquelin Peck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Florida, Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Mariam Salisu Orhurhu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Peju Adekoya
- Pain Division, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Sameer Hirji
- Departments of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - John Sampson
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Simopoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Gill Jatinder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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