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Mansoori MN, Raghuvanshi A, Shukla P, Awasthi P, Trivedi R, Goel A, Singh D. Medicarpin prevents arthritis in post-menopausal conditions by arresting the expansion of TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106299. [PMID: 32097846 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by alteration in balance of various cytokines. Rheumatoid arthritis is a well-known inflammatory disease leading to destruction of cartilage at knee and hands. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a common autoimmune model for rheumatoid arthritis study. Here, we have investigated the therapeutic role of medicarpin, a natural pterocarpan with known anti-osteoclastogenic activities, in postmenopausal polyarthritis model of DBA/1J mice. For this, mice were ovariectomized and CIA was induced in OVx animals with primary immunization. After 21 days, booster dose was injected in Ovariectomy (OVx) mice to develop postmenopausal poly-arthritis mice model. Medicarpin treatment in mice at dose of 10.0 mg/kg/body wt was started after 21 days of primary immunization for one month of time period every day orally. We found that medicarpin prevented alteration of TH-17/Treg ratio in CIA model leading to reduced osteoclastogenesis. Micro Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) analysis demonstrated that medicarpin prevents cartilage erosion in joints and restores loss of trabeculae parameters in distal tibia. Treatment with medicarpin also prevented alteration of various cytokines level by down-regulating various pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, while up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in CIA model of mice. Biological marker of arthritis is cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). COMP level was up-regulated in CIA induced mice while treatment with medicarpin significantly restored the serum level of COMP compared with untreated groups. Cartilage staining by Safranin-O also indicates that cartilage destruction in joints of CIA mice was prevented by medicarpin treatment. From this study, we can conclude that medicarpin is effective in preventing arthritis in post-menopausal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Ashutosh Raghuvanshi
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Shukla
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Leung S, Holbrook A, King B, Lu HT, Evans V, Miyamoto N, Mallari C, Harvey S, Davey D, Ho E, Li WW, Parkinson J, Horuk R, Jaroch S, Berger M, Skuballa W, West C, Pulk R, Phillips G, Bryant J, Subramanyam B, Schaefer C, Salamon H, Lyons E, Schilling D, Seidel H, Kraetzschmar J, Snider M, Perez D. Differential Inhibition of Inducible T Cell Cytokine Secretion by Potent Iron Chelators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:157-67. [PMID: 15799959 DOI: 10.1177/1087057104272394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effector functions and proliferation of T helper (Th) cells are influenced by cytokines in the environment. Th1 cells respond to a synergistic effect of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) to secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In contrast, Th2 cells respond to interleukin-4 (IL-4) to secrete IL-4, interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). The authors were interested in identifying nonpeptide inhibitors of the Th1 response selective for the IL-12/IL-18-mediated secretion of IFN-γ while leaving the IL-4-mediated Th2 cytokine secretion relatively intact. The authors established a screening protocol using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and identified the hydrazino anthranilate compound 1 as a potent inhibitor of IL-12/IL-18-mediated IFN-γ secretion from CD3+ cells with an IC50 around 200 nM. The inhibitor was specific because it had virtually no effect on IL-4-mediated IL-13 release from the same population of cells. Further work established that compound 1 was a potent intracellular iron chelator that inhibited both IL-12/IL-18- and IL-4-mediated T cell proliferation. Iron chelation affects multiple cellular pathways in T cells. Thus, the IL-12/IL-18-mediated proliferation and IFN-γ secretion are very sensitive to intracellular iron concentration. However, the IL-4-mediated IL-13 secretion does not correlate with proliferation and is partially resistant to potent iron chelation
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Rai MF, Graeve T, Twardziok S, Schmidt MFG. Evidence for regulated interleukin-4 expression in chondrocyte-scaffolds under in vitro inflammatory conditions. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25749. [PMID: 21991344 PMCID: PMC3185011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the anti-inflammatory and anabolic effects of regulated expression of IL-4 in chondrocyte-scaffolds under in vitro inflammatory conditions. Methods Mature articular chondrocytes from dogs (n = 3) were conditioned through transient transfection using pcDNA3.1.cIL-4 (constitutive) or pCOX-2.cIL-4 (cytokine-responsive) plasmids. Conditioned cells were seeded in alginate microspheres and rat-tail collagen type I matrix (CaReS®) to generate two types of tissue-engineered 3-dimensional scaffolds. Inflammatory arthritis was simulated in the packed chondrocytes through exogenous addition of recombinant canine (rc) IL-1β (100 ng/ml) plus rcTNFα (50 ng/ml) in culture media for 96 hours. Harvested cells and culture media were analyzed by various assays to monitor the anti-inflammatory and regenerative (anabolic) properties of cIL-4. Results cIL-4 was expressed from COX-2 promoter exclusively on the addition of rcIL-1β and rcTNFα while its expression from CMV promoter was constitutive. The expressed cIL-4 downregulated the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 in the cells and inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 in culture media. At the same time, it up-regulated the expression of IGF-1, IL-1ra, COL2a1 and aggrecan in conditioned chondrocytes in both scaffolds along with a diminished release of total collagen and sGAG into the culture media. An increased amount of cIL-4 protein was detected both in chondrocyte cell lysate and in concentrated culture media. Neutralizing anti-cIL-4 antibody assay confirmed that the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects seen are exclusively driven by cIL-4. There was a restricted expression of IL-4 under COX-2 promoter possibly due to negative feedback loop while it was over-expressed under CMV promoter (undesirable). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory /anabolic outcomes from both scaffolds were reproducible and the therapeutic effects of cIL-4 were both scaffold- and promoter-independent. Conclusions Regulated expression of therapeutic candidate gene(s) coupled with suitable scaffold(s) could potentially serve as a useful tissue-engineering tool to devise future treatment strategies for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Graeve
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Twardziok
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Charite University of Medicine, Benjamin Franklin Campus, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael F. G. Schmidt
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Gottar-Guillier M, Dodeller F, Huesken D, Iourgenko V, Mickanin C, Labow M, Gaveriaux S, Kinzel B, Mueller M, Alitalo K, Littlewood-Evans A, Cenni B. The Tyrosine Kinase BMX Is an Essential Mediator of Inflammatory Arthritis in a Kinase-Independent Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6014-23. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shiozawa S, Tsumiyama K, Yoshida K, Hashiramoto A. Pathogenesis of Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:89-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Øvlisen K, Kristensen AT, Jensen AL, Tranholm M. IL-1 beta, IL-6, KC and MCP-1 are elevated in synovial fluid from haemophilic mice with experimentally induced haemarthrosis. Haemophilia 2010; 15:802-10. [PMID: 19444976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of haemophilia is the joint morbidity resulting from haemarthrosis that accounts for the majority of the bleeds. The exact mechanisms underlying changes are not fully elucidated. Cytokines are speculated to be involved in the progression and in vitro studies have confirmed the presence of elevated levels of cytokines in synovial tissue and cartilage from patients with haemophilic synovitis. In this study, the presence of selected cytokines in synovial fluid from haemophilia A mice with experimentally induced haemarthroses treated with rFVIII, rFVIIa and an rFVIIa analogue were investigated. Ten cytokines previously shown to be involved in arthritic syndromes were evaluated. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF- alpha), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were included. In this article, we demonstrate, for the first time, that bleeding in knee joints of haemophilia A mice resulted in correlated increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1 beta, IL-6, KC and the MCP-1 in synovial fluid. These results suggest an important role of MCP-1 in the recruitment of monocytes and furthermore that the inflamed synovium releases IL-1 beta, IL-6 and KC, which in turn might contribute to further progression of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Øvlisen
- Haemostasis Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Dk-2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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Sofat N. Analysing the role of endogenous matrix molecules in the development of osteoarthritis. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:463-79. [PMID: 19765101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide. In this condition, damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage occurs, resulting in joint destruction. Factors mediating cartilage damage include mechanical injury, cytokine and superoxide release on a background of genetic susceptibility and obesity. Studies of arthritic cartilage show increased production of ECM molecules including type II collagen, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, fibronectin (FN) and fibromodulin. Recent reports suggest that ECM proteins may become endogenous catabolic factors during joint damage. Activation of pro-inflammatory pathways by ECM proteins has led to their description as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The ECM proteins involved include fibromodulin, which activates the complement pathway and may promote the persistence of joint inflammation. Fragmentation of type II collagen, FN and hyaluronan reveals cryptic epitopes that stimulate proteolytic enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanases (ADAMTSs - a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs). Proteolytic fragments also stimulate the release of nitric oxide, chemokines and cytokines and activation of the MAP kinases. Reports are emerging that the receptors for the fragments described involve interaction with integrins and toll-like receptors. In this review the contribution of endogenous ECM molecules to joint destruction will be discussed. A deeper understanding of the pathways stimulated by endogenous ligands could offer potential avenues for novel therapies in the future.
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Blocking platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM) inhibits disease progression and prevents joint erosion in established collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 88:210-5. [PMID: 19800878 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Collagen antibody-induced arthritis is a robust murine model of arthritis that histologically recapitulates the inflammatory characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis including pannus formation and destruction of articular cartilage and bone. PECAM is a molecule expressed by both leukocytes and endothelial cells that has been shown to play a major role in the extravasation of leukocytes into sites of inflammation. Genetic deletion of many molecules will blunt the onset and progression of arthritis in murine models, as will administration of various anti-inflammatory therapies given prior to the onset of disease. However, patients seek medical attention when symptomatic, which means that the disease is well established. We investigated whether blocking PECAM interactions would inhibit progression of established disease in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis model. We report that treatment of symptomatic mice with a PECAM-Fc chimera significantly reduced inflammation and virtually eliminated cartilage and bone destruction. The results suggest that therapies that block PECAM function may be beneficial in the treatment of established arthritis.
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van Lent PLEM, Hofkens W, Blom AB, Grevers L, Sloetjes A, Takahashi N, van Tits LJ, Vogl T, Roth J, de Winther MP, van den Berg WB. Scavenger receptor class A type I/II determines matrix metalloproteinase-mediated cartilage destruction and chondrocyte death in antigen-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2954-65. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Karsdal M, Henriksen K, Leeming D, Mitchell P, Duffin K, Barascuk N, Klickstein L, Aggarwal P, Nemirovskiy O, Byrjalsen I, Qvist P, Bay-Jensen A, Dam E, Madsen S, Christiansen C. Biochemical markers and the FDA Critical Path: How biomarkers may contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology and provide unique and necessary tools for drug development. Biomarkers 2009; 14:181-202. [DOI: 10.1080/13547500902777608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Jouzeau JY, Moulin D, Koufany M, Sebillaud S, Bianchi A, Netter P. [Pathophysiological relevance of peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPAR) to joint diseases - the pro and con of agonists]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 202:289-312. [PMID: 19094928 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2008034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPAR) are ligand-inducible nuclear transacting factors comprising three subtypes, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma, which play a key role in lipids and glucose homeostasis. All PPAR subtypes have been identified in joint or inflammatory cells and their activation resulted in a transcriptional repression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha), early inflammatory genes (NOS(2), COX-2, mPGES-1) or matrix metalloproteases (MMP-1, MMP-13), at least for the gamma subtype. PPAR full agonists were also shown to stimulate IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) production by cytokine-stimulated articular cells in a subtype-dependent manner. These anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic properties were confirmed in animal models of joint diseases where PPAR agonists reduced synovial inflammation while preventing cartilage destruction or inflammatory bone loss, although many effects required much higher doses than needed to restore insulin sensitivity or to lower circulating lipid levels. However, these promising effects of PPAR full agonists were hampered by their ability to reduce the growth factor-dependent synthesis of extracellular matrix components or to induce chondrocyte apoptosis, by the possible contribution of immunosuppressive properties to their anti-arthritic effects, by the increased adipocyte differentiation secondary to prolonged stimulation of PPARgamma, and by a variable contribution of PPAR subtypes depending on the system. Clinical data are scarce in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients whereas thousands of patients worldwilde, treated with PPAR agonists for type 2 diabetes or dyslipidemia, are paradoxically prone to suffer from osteoarthritis (OA). Whereas high dosage of full agonists may expose RA patients to cardiovascular adverse effects, the proof of concept that PPAR agonists have therapeutical relevance to OA may benefit from an epidemiological follow-up of joint lesions in diabetic or hyperlipidemic patients treated for long periods of time with glitazones or fibrates. Additionally, cellular and animal studies are required to assess whether partial agonists of PPAR (SPPARMs) may preserve therapeutical properties with potentially less safety concern.
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Aikawa Y, Morimoto K, Yamamoto T, Chaki H, Hashiramoto A, Narita H, Hirono S, Shiozawa S. Treatment of arthritis with a selective inhibitor of c-Fos/activator protein-1. Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26:817-23. [PMID: 18587386 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To inhibit arthritis upstream of inflammatory cytokine release and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) action, we designed de novo a small-molecule inhibitor of c-Fos/activator protein-1 (AP-1) using three-dimensional (3D) pharmacophore modeling. This model was based on the 3D structure of the basic region-leucine zipper domain of AP-1-DNA complex. Administration of this inhibitor prevented type II collagen-induced arthritis from day 21, before the onset of arthritis, or from day 27, resolved arthritis after its onset. Suppression of disease was accomplished by reducing the amounts of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs in vivo in sera and joints and in vitro in synovial cell and chondrocyte cultures. The primary action of this molecule was the inhibition of matrix-degrading MMPs and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1beta; this molecule also synergized with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha to inhibit arthritis. Thus, selective inhibition of c-Fos/AP-1 resolves arthritis in a preclinical model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Aikawa
- Research Laboratories, Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-1 Shimookui 2-chome, Toyama 930-8508, Japan
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Utomo A, Hirahashi J, Mekala D, Asano K, Glogauer M, Cullere X, Mayadas TN. Requirement for Vav Proteins in Post-Recruitment Neutrophil Cytotoxicity in IgG but Not Complement C3-Dependent Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:6279-87. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wnt/beta-catenin signaling stimulates matrix catabolic genes and activity in articular chondrocytes: its possible role in joint degeneration. J Transl Med 2008; 88:264-74. [PMID: 18227807 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A fine balance between anabolic and catabolic mechanisms maintains extracellular matrix homeostasis in articular cartilage, and shifts toward degradation are associated with joint conditions such as osteoarthritis. To test the possible involvement, relevance and significance of the Wnt/beta-catenin-signaling pathway in those catabolic shifts, rabbit articular chondrocyte cultures were subjected to experimental activation of beta-catenin signaling by Wnt3A treatment or forced expression of constitutive-active beta-catenin (CA-beta-catenin). Both interventions provoked strong gelatinase activity and stimulated gene expression of matrix metalloprotease-3 and -13 and a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS)-4 and -5 proteases. Furthermore, Wnt3A treatment additively enhanced the effects of intereukin-1beta, a well-known catabolic culprit of proteoglycan matrix loss. To determine whether Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is associated with age-associated osteoarthritic changes in articular cartilage in vivo, we analyzed the presence and intracellular distribution of beta-catenin in a spontaneous guinea pig osteoarthritis model. Healthy articular chondrocytes in young guinea pig knees contained barely detectable levels of beta-catenin. In contrast, the protein was highly abundant in osteoarthritic-like chondrocytes present in older guinea pig joints, and was localized not only in the cytoplasm but also the nucleus, a clear reflection of activated Wnt signaling. These and other data suggest that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is a powerful stimulator of chondrocyte matrix catabolic action and may be part of mechanisms leading to excessive remodeling and degradation of cartilage matrix in age-associated joint pathologies.
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Geurts J, Arntz OJ, Bennink MB, Joosten LAB, van den Berg WB, van de Loo FAJ. Application of a disease-regulated promoter is a safer mode of local IL-4 gene therapy for arthritis. Gene Ther 2007; 14:1632-8. [PMID: 17851546 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The application of disease-regulated promoters in local gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis potentiates the development of a sophisticated treatment that relies on a restricted and fine-tuned supply of biologicals. Although several studies have investigated regulated promoters for achieving effective transgene expression during arthritis, none have explored their potential for minimizing deleterious effects arising from constitutive overexpression of transgenes under naive conditions. Using naive and collagen-induced arthritic mice, we examined the applicability of a hybrid interleukin-1 enhancer/interleukin-6 proximal promoter for achieving efficacious murine interleukin-4 gene therapy under arthritic conditions, while minimizing interleukin-4-induced inflammation under naive conditions. We found strong upregulation of transgene expression in virally transduced knee joints under arthritic conditions compared to levels in naive animals. Besides its responsiveness, the promoter strength proved sufficient for generating therapeutically efficacious levels interleukin-4, as demonstrated by the successful protection against cartilage erosion in collagen-induced arthritis. Most importantly, promoter-mediated restriction of the potent chemotactic interleukin-4 in naive animals strongly reduced the amounts of inflammatory cell influx. This study suggests the suitability of the interleukin-1 enhancer/interleukin-6 proximal promoter for the development of a local gene therapy strategy for rheumatoid arthritis that requires fine-tuned and restricted expression of transgenes with a pleiotrophic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Geurts
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics, Department of Rheumatology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Cytokines regulate a broad range of inflammatory processes that are implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid joints, it is well known that an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine activities favours the induction of autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and thereby joint damage. However, it remains less clear how cytokines are organized within a hierarchical regulatory network, and therefore which cytokines may be the best targets for clinical intervention a priori. Here, we discuss the crucial effector function of cytokines in the immunological processes that are central to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain B McInnes
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Zwerina J, Redlich K, Polzer K, Joosten L, Krönke G, Distler J, Hess A, Pundt N, Pap T, Hoffmann O, Gasser J, Scheinecker C, Smolen JS, van den Berg W, Schett G. TNF-induced structural joint damage is mediated by IL-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11742-7. [PMID: 17609389 PMCID: PMC1913858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610812104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking TNF effectively inhibits inflammation and structural damage in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, so far it is unclear whether the effect of TNF is a direct one or indirect on up-regulation of other mediators. IL-1 may be one of these candidates because it has a central role in animal models of arthritis, and inhibition of IL-1 is used as a therapy of human RA. We removed the effects of IL-1 from a TNF-mediated inflammatory joint disease by crossing IL-1alpha and beta-deficient mice (IL-1-/-) with arthritic human TNF-transgenic (hTNFtg) mice. Development of synovial inflammation was almost unaffected on IL-1 deficiency, but bone erosion and osteoclast formation were significantly reduced in IL-1-/-hTNFtg mice, compared with hTNFtg mice based on an intrinsic differentiation defect of IL-1-deficient monocytes. Most dramatically, however, cartilage damage was absent in IL-1-/-hTNFtg mice. Chimera studies revealed that protection of cartilage is based on the loss of IL-1 on hematopoietic, but not mesenchymal, cells, leading to decreased expression of ADAMTS-5 and MMP-3. These data show that TNF-mediated cartilage damage is completely and TNF-mediated bone damage is partially dependent on IL-1, suggesting that IL-1 is a crucial mediator for inflammatory cartilage and bone degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Zwerina
- *Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kurt Redlich
- *Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Polzer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leo Joosten
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics and Departments of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joerg Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Noreen Pundt
- Division of Molecular Medicine of Musculoskeletal Tissue, University Hospital Muenster, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Division of Molecular Medicine of Musculoskeletal Tissue, University Hospital Muenster, 48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Oskar Hoffmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Juerg Gasser
- **Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Scheinecker
- *Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S. Smolen
- *Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wim van den Berg
- Rheumatology Research and Advanced Therapeutics and Departments of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Schett
- *Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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van Lent PL, Grevers L, Lubberts E, de Vries TJ, Nabbe KC, Verbeek S, Oppers B, Sloetjes A, Blom AB, van den Berg WB. Fcgamma receptors directly mediate cartilage, but not bone, destruction in murine antigen-induced arthritis: uncoupling of cartilage damage from bone erosion and joint inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 54:3868-77. [PMID: 17133594 DOI: 10.1002/art.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between synovial inflammation and the concomitant occurrence of cartilage and bone erosion during conditions of variable inflammation using various Fcgamma receptor knockout (FcgammaR(-/-)) mice. METHODS Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was introduced in the knee joints of various FcgammaR(-/-) mice and wild-type controls. Joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction levels were determined by histologic analysis. Cathepsin K, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were detected by immunolocalization. RESULTS In FcgammaRIIb(-/-) mice, which lack the inhibiting Fcgamma receptor IIb, levels of joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction were significantly higher (infiltrate 93%, exudate 200%, cartilage 100%, bone 156%). AIA in mice lacking activating FcgammaR types I, III, and IV, but not FcgammaRIIb (FcR gamma-chain(-/-) mice), prevented cartilage destruction completely. In contrast, levels of bone erosion and joint inflammation were comparable with their wild-type controls. Of great interest, in arthritic mice lacking activating FcgammaR types I, II, and III, but not IV (FcgammaRI/II/III(-/-) mice), levels of joint inflammation were highly elevated (infiltrate and exudate, 100% and 188%, respectively). Cartilage destruction levels were decreased by 92%, whereas bone erosion was increased by 200%. Cathepsin K, a crucial mediator of osteoclasts, showed a strong correlation with the amount of inflammation but not with the amount of activating FcgammaR, which was low in osteoclasts. RANKL, but not OPG, levels were higher in the inflammatory cells of arthritic knee joints of FcgammaRI/II/III(-/-) mice versus wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Activating FcgammaR are crucial in mediating cartilage destruction independently of joint inflammation. In contrast, FcgammaR are not directly involved in bone erosion. Indirectly, FcgammaR drive bone destruction by regulating joint inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/microbiology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cathepsin K
- Cathepsins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Joints/metabolism
- Joints/pathology
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Osteoclasts/pathology
- Osteoprotegerin/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- RANK Ligand/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Synovitis/metabolism
- Synovitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L van Lent
- Rheumatology Department, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Mayer-Kuckuk P, Boskey AL. Molecular imaging promotes progress in orthopedic research. Bone 2006; 39:965-977. [PMID: 16843078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Modern orthopedic research is directed towards the understanding of molecular mechanisms that determine development, maintenance and health of musculoskeletal tissues. In recent years, many genetic and proteomic discoveries have been made which necessitate investigation under physiological conditions in intact, living tissues. Molecular imaging can meet this demand and is, in fact, the only strategy currently available for noninvasive, quantitative, real-time biology studies in living subjects. In this review, techniques of molecular imaging are summarized, and applications to bone and joint biology are presented. The imaging modality most frequently used in the past was optical imaging, particularly bioluminescence and near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Alternate technologies including nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging were also employed. Orthopedic researchers have applied molecular imaging to murine models including transgenic mice to monitor gene expression, protein degradation, cell migration and cell death. Within the bone compartment, osteoblasts and their stem cells have been investigated, and the organic and mineral bone phases have been assessed. These studies addressed malignancy and injury as well as repair, including fracture healing and cell/gene therapy for skeletal defects. In the joints, molecular imaging has focused on the inflammatory and tissue destructive processes that cause arthritis. As described in this review, the feasibility of applying molecular imaging to numerous areas of orthopedic research has been demonstrated and will likely result in an increase in research dedicated to this powerful strategy. Molecular imaging holds great promise in the future for preclinical orthopedic research as well as next-generation clinical musculoskeletal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York 10021, USA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA.
| | - Adele L Boskey
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York 10021, USA
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21
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FitzGerald O, McInnes I. Spondyloarthropathy: disease at the crossroads of immunity. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2006; 20:949-67. [PMID: 16980217 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2006.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Up until recently, the prevailing paradigm relating to spondyloarthropathy (SpA) pathogenesis was that they were human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated, T-cell-driven autoimmune diseases. This view is now being questioned. Careful studies of well-characterised cohorts of patients with SpA, including detailed analysis of involved tissue, together with clinical trials of targeted treatments, in particular anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapies, have contributed enormously to both interest in and understanding of disease pathogenesis. In this chapter, our current knowledge and understanding of the relative contributions of the components of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response to SpA pathogenesis is reviewed. It is clear that both arms of the immune response are involved and inter-dependent in SpA. With continued emphasis on discovery research, including detailed analysis of novel therapeutic interventions, significant additional breakthroughs in SpA are likely to be forthcoming.
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Sondergaard BC, Wulf H, Henriksen K, Schaller S, Oestergaard S, Qvist P, Tankó LB, Bagger YZ, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA. Calcitonin directly attenuates collagen type II degradation by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity in articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:759-68. [PMID: 16549372 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcitonin was recently reported to counter progression of cartilage degradation in an experimental model of osteoarthritis, and the effects were primarily suggested to be mediated by inhibition of subchondral bone resorption. We investigated direct effects of calcitonin on chondrocytes by assessing expression of the receptor and pharmacological effects on collagen type II degradation under ex vivo and in vivo conditions. METHODS Localization of the calcitonin receptor on articular chondrocytes was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and the expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In bovine articular cartilage explants, cartilage degradation was investigated by release of C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type II (CTX-II), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) [20 ng/ml] and oncostatin M (OSM) [10 ng/ml], with salmon calcitonin [0.0001-1 microM]. In vivo, cartilage degradation was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats administered with oral calcitonin [2 mg/kg calcitonin] for 9 weeks. RESULTS The calcitonin receptor was identified in articular chondrocytes by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Calcitonin concentration-dependently increased cAMP levels in isolated chondrocytes. Explants cultured with TNF-alpha and OSM showed a 100-fold increase in CTX-II release compared to vehicle-treated controls (P<0.001). The degradation of type II collagen in these explants was concentration-dependently inhibited by calcitonin, 65% protection at 10 nM calcitonin (P<0.01). TNF-alpha and OSM induced a pronounced increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, which was strongly inhibited by calcitonin. In vivo, administration of salmon calcitonin to OVX rats resulted in significant (P<0.001) decrease in CTX-II levels. CONCLUSION These results are the first evidence of calcitonin receptor expression on articular chondrocytes and that the chondroprotective effects of calcitonin might involve the inhibition of MMP expression.
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D'Lima D, Hermida J, Hashimoto S, Colwell C, Lotz M. Caspase inhibitors reduce severity of cartilage lesions in experimental osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:1814-21. [PMID: 16736522 DOI: 10.1002/art.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the therapeutic efficacy of caspase inhibitors in experimental osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Experimental OA was induced in rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Rabbits were treated with intraarticular (i.a.) injections of caspase inhibitors 3 times per week starting 1 week postoperatively. Animals were killed 9 weeks after ACLT, for macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical assessment of the knee joints. RESULTS I.a. administration of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK significantly reduced cartilage degradation, as assessed by macroscopic and microscopic criteria. Untreated knees showed large numbers of chondrocytes with active caspase 3 and the p85 fragment of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP p85) that is generated during apoptosis. The frequency of cells positive for PARP p85 and active caspase 3 was reduced in Z-VAD-FMK-treated knees. Inhibitors specific for caspase 3 or caspase 8 showed no significant efficacy. Caspase 1 inhibitor and the combination of caspase 3 and caspase 8 inhibitors reduced OA pathology. CONCLUSION These results provide direct support for a role of cell death in OA pathogenesis. Caspase inhibitors reduced the severity of cartilage lesions in experimental OA, suggesting that they may have disease-modifying activity in human OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl D'Lima
- The Scripps Research Institute and the Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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24
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Schaller S, Henriksen K, Hoegh-Andersen P, Søndergaard BC, Sumer EU, Tanko LB, Qvist P, Karsdal MA. In Vitro, Ex Vivo, andIn VivoMethodological Approaches for Studying Therapeutic Targets of Osteoporosis and Degenerative Joint Diseases: How Biomarkers Can Assist? Assay Drug Dev Technol 2005; 3:553-80. [PMID: 16305312 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2005.3.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although our approach to the clinical management of osteoporosis (OP) and degenerative joint diseases (DJD)-major causes of disability and morbidity in the elderly-has greatly advanced in the past decades, curative treatments that could bring ultimate solutions have yet to be found or developed. Effective and timely development of candidate drugs is a critical function of the availability of sensitive and accurate methodological arsenal enabling the recognition and quantification of pharmacodynamic effects. The established concept that both OP and DJD arise from an imbalance in processes of tissue formation and degradation draws attention to need of establishing in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental settings, which allow obtaining insights into the mechanisms driving increased bone and cartilage degradation at cellular, organ, and organism levels. When addressing changes in bone or cartilage turnover at the organ or organism level, monitoring tools adequately reflecting the outcome of tissue homeostasis become particularly critical. In this context, bioassays targeting the quantification of various degradation and formation products of bone and cartilage matrix elements represent a useful approach. In this review, a comprehensive overview of widely used and recently established in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo set-ups is provided, which in many cases effectively take advantage of the potentials of biomarkers. In addition to describing and discussing the advantages and limitations of each assay and their methods of evaluation, we added experimental and clinical data illustrating the utility of biomarkers for these methodological approaches.
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25
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Dubin AE, Nasser N, Rohrbacher J, Hermans AN, Marrannes R, Grantham C, Van Rossem K, Cik M, Chaplan SR, Gallacher D, Xu J, Guia A, Byrne NG, Mathes C. Identifying modulators of hERG channel activity using the PatchXpress planar patch clamp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 10:168-81. [PMID: 15799960 DOI: 10.1177/1087057104272295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors used the PatchXpress 7000A system to measure compound activity at the hERG channel using procedures that mimicked the "gold-standard" conventional whole-cell patch clamp. A set of 70 compounds, including hERG antagonists with potencies spanning 3 orders of magnitude, were tested on hERG302-HEK cells using protocols aimed at either identifying compound activity at a single concentration or obtaining compound potency from a cumulative concentration dependence paradigm. After exposure to compounds and subsequent washout of the wells to determine reversibility of the block, blockade by a reference compound served as a quality control. Electrical parameters and voltage dependence were similar to those obtained using a conventional whole-cell patch clamp. Rank order of compound potency was also comparable to that determined by conventional methods. One exception was flunarizine, a particularly lipophilic compound. The PatchXpress accurately identified the activity of 29 moderately potent antagonists, which only weakly displace radiolabeled astemizole and are false negatives in the binding assay. Finally, no false hits were observed from a collection of relatively inactive compounds. High-quality data acquisition by PatchXpress should help accelerate secondary screening for ion channel modulators and the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Dubin
- Pain and Related Disorders, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Solomon S, Kassahn D, Illges H. The role of the complement and the Fc gamma R system in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:129-35. [PMID: 15987494 PMCID: PMC1175042 DOI: 10.1186/ar1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies in sera from patients with autoimmune diseases have long been known and have become diagnostic tools. Analysis of their functional role again became popular with the availability of mice mutant for several genes of the complement and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) systems. Evidence from different inflammatory models suggests that both systems are interconnected in a hierarchical way. The complement system mediators such as complement component 5a (C5a) might be crucial in the communication between the complement system and FcγR-expressing cells. The split complement protein C5a is known to inactivate cells by its G-protein-coupled receptor and to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of FcγRs, thereby contributing to the complex regulation of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Solomon
- Immunology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniela Kassahn
- Immunology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Harald Illges
- Immunology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau, Tägerwilen, Switzerland
- University of Applied Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Immunology and Cell Biology, Rheinbach, Germany
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27
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Wong MX, Hayball JD, Hogarth PM, Jackson DE. The Inhibitory Co-Receptor, PECAM-1 Provides a Protective Effect in Suppression of Collagen-Induced Arthritis. J Clin Immunol 2005; 25:19-28. [PMID: 15742154 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-005-0354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies of PECAM-1(-/-) mice have identified that PECAM-1 functions as an inhibitory co-receptor to modulate immunological responsiveness. In this study, we describe the in vivo consequences of PECAM-1 deficiency in mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and K/BxN passive transfer model that resembles many of the features of human rheumatoid arthritis. Immunization of PECAM-1(-/-) C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice with chicken collagen type II induced CIA with an incidence of 82% by day 49, while 33%; of wild-type and 100% of DBA/1 mice developed arthritis in a similar time frame. The mean onset of disease for PECAM-1(-/-) C57BL/6 mice was day 32 compared to day 51 for wild-type C57BL/6 mice and day 18 for DBA/1 mice (H-2q susceptible). In terms of disease severity, the mean maximal arthritic index for PECAM-1(-/-) C57BL/6 mice was comparable to DBA/1 mice (8.91 +/- 0.91 vs 11.67 +/- 0.82). This mean maximal index in PECAM-1(-/-) C57BL/6 mice was significantly higher than wild-type C57BL/6 mice (5.00 +/- 0.73). IgG1 and IgG2b antibody responses against CII were elevated in arthritic PECAM-1(-/-) C57BL/6 mice compared to wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Histological examination of arthritic paws of PECAM-1(-/-) C57BL/6 mice revealed inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytic/monocytic cells and cartilage/bone destruction similar to CIA-induced DBA/1 arthritic paws. In the K/BxN model, the arthritis was not augmented in PECAM-1(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, in active CIA, PECAM-1(-/-) mice developed severe disease comparable to susceptible DBA/1 mice and profoundly more severe than C57BL/6 mice, where only one third developed a mild/moderate disease. Together these observations suggest that PECAM-1 plays a crucial role in the suppression of development of autoimmune arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Cartilage/pathology
- Collagen Type II/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae-Xhum Wong
- Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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McInnes IB, Liew FY, Gracie JA. Interleukin-18: a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 7:38-41. [PMID: 15642152 PMCID: PMC1064903 DOI: 10.1186/ar1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18), a member of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines has been demonstrated to be an important mediator of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Several reports have implicated its role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although biologic therapy is firmly established in the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases including RA, partial and non-responder patients constitute residual unmet clinical need. The aim of this article is to briefly review the biology of, and experimental approaches to IL-18 neutralisation, together with speculation as to the relative merits of IL-18 as an alternative to existing targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/physiopathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cytokines/physiology
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Interleukin-18/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-18/immunology
- Interleukin-18/physiology
- Interleukin-18/toxicity
- Interleukins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Osteoclasts/pathology
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain B McInnes
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK.
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Abstract
Chondrocytes are the single cellular component of hyaline cartilage. Under physiologic conditions, they show steady-state equilibrium between anabolic and catabolic activities that maintains the structural and functional integrity of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Implicit in the loss of cartilage matrix that is associated with osteoarthritis is that there is a disturbance in the regulation of synthetic (anabolic) and resorptive (catabolic) activities of the resident chondrocytes that results in a net loss of cartilage matrix components and deterioration in the structural and functional properties of the cartilage. Multiple mechanisms likely are involved in the disturbance of chondrocyte remodeling activities in OA. They include the development of acquired or age-related alterations in chondrocyte function, the effects of excessive mechanical loading, and the presence of dysregulated cytokine activities. Cytokines are soluble or cell-surface molecules that play an essential role in mediating cell-cell interactions. It is possible to classify the cytokines that regulate cartilage remodeling as catabolic, acting on target cells to increase products that enhance matrix degradation; as anticatabolic, tending to inhibit or antagonize the activity of the catabolic cytokines; and as anabolic, acting on chondrocytes to increase synthetic activity. This review will focus on the role of proinflammatory cytokines and their roles in mediating the increased matrix degradation that characterizes the osteoarthritic cartilage lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Goldring
- Rheumatology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Galois L, Etienne S, Grossin L, Watrin-Pinzano A, Cournil-Henrionnet C, Loeuille D, Netter P, Mainard D, Gillet P. Dose-response relationship for exercise on severity of experimental osteoarthritis in rats: a pilot study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004; 12:779-86. [PMID: 15450527 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2003] [Accepted: 06/12/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of a calibrated exercise on the progression of structural lesions in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) in the rat, and to explore the effect of exercise on the level of chondrocyte caspase-dependent apoptosis and of Hsp70. METHODS The OA model was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Rats were placed in 4 experimental groups: operated (ACLT) free moving rats, and 3 exercise groups (slight, moderate and intense) subjected to running training. Rats were killed 14 and 28 days after surgery. RESULTS On D14 histological assessment demonstrated a beneficial influence of a slight and a moderate exercise vs control ACLT group. Hsp70 increased significantly in the moderate group vs controls. On D28, histological lesions strongly decreased in the slight and moderate exercise groups vs ACLT group, while an intense effort abolished this beneficial trend. Interestingly, the concomitant course of apoptotic events (caspase 3-positive cells) and the co-expression of Hsp70 in the various groups varied, when significant, in an inverse manner. In the intense group this overexpression was not noted, as a "burn out" appeared, thus leading to a loss of this protective effect. CONCLUSION This study shows that a calibrated slight or moderate exercise exerts a beneficial influence on the severity of chondral lesions in ACLT rats. Conversely, a strong effort abolishes this chondroprotective effect. This effect could be related to a reduced level of chondrocyte apoptosis through anti-apoptotic capacities of stress-induced Hsp70 overexpression.
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De Ceuninck F, Dassencourt L, Anract P. The inflammatory side of human chondrocytes unveiled by antibody microarrays. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:960-9. [PMID: 15381094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although being largely used for pathobiological models of cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), human chondrocytes are still enigmatic cells, in as much as a large part of their secretome is unknown. We took advantage of the recent development of antibody-based microarrays to study multiple protein expression by human chondrocytes obtained from one healthy and five osteoarthritic joints, in unstimulated conditions or after stimulation by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The secretion media of chondrocytes were incubated with array membranes consisting of 79 antibodies directed against cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic or growth factors. Several proteins were identified as new secretion products of chondrocytes, including the growth or angiogenic factors EGF, thrombopoietin, GDNF, NT-3 and -4, and PlGF, the chemokines ENA-78, MCP-2, IP-10, MIP-3alpha, NAP-2, PARC, and the cytokines MIF, IL-12, and IL-16. Most of the newly identified chemokines were increased intensely after stimulation by IL-1 or TNF, as for other proteins of the array, including GRO proteins, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1beta, GCP-2, and osteoprotegerin. The up-regulation by cytokines suggested that these proteins may participate in the destruction of cartilage and/or in the initiation of chemotactic events within the joint during OA. In conclusion, the microarray approach enabled to unveil part of an as yet unexplored chondrocyte secretome. Our findings demonstrated that chondrocytes were equipped with a proinflammatory arsenal of proteins which may play an important part in the pathogenesis of OA and/or its drift towards an inflammatory, rheumatoid phenotype.
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de Hooge ASK, van de Loo FAJ, Bennink MB, Arntz OJ, Fiselier TJW, Franssen MJAM, Joosten LAB, Van Lent PLEM, Richards CD, van den Berg WB. Growth plate damage, a feature of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, can be induced by adenoviral gene transfer of oncostatin M: a comparative study in gene-deficient mice. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2003; 48:1750-61. [PMID: 12794844 DOI: 10.1002/art.10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of proinflammatory and destructive mediators in oncostatin M (OSM)-induced joint pathology, using gene-deficient mice. METHODS An adenoviral vector expressing murine OSM was injected into the joints of naive wild-type mice and mice deficient for interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to study gene expression. Inflammation and cartilage proteoglycan (PG) depletion were assessed by histology. OSM and IL-1 levels in synovial fluid from patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Adenoviral expression of murine OSM led to joint inflammation, bone apposition, chondrophyte formation, articular cartilage PG depletion, and VDIPEN neoepitope expression in wild-type mice. A unique and consistent observation was the focal PG depletion and disorganization of the growth plate cartilage during the first week of inflammation. Synovial IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, and iNOS gene expression was strongly induced. Of these factors, only deficiency in IL-1 markedly reduced inflammation and PG depletion and completely prevented growth plate damage. In addition, this is the first study in which OSM was detected in JIA synovial fluid. Most samples were also IL-1beta positive. CONCLUSION IL-1, but not IL-6, TNFalpha, or iNOS, plays an important role in joint disease induced by intraarticular gene transfer of OSM in mice. The effect of OSM on murine connective tissue and the presence of OSM in human synovial fluid make involvement of OSM in human arthropathies very likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons S K de Hooge
- Rheumatology Research Laboratory, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wines BD, Gavin A, Powell MS, Steinitz M, Buchanan RRC, Mark Hogarth P. Soluble FcgammaRIIa inhibits rheumatoid factor binding to immune complexes. Immunology 2003; 109:246-54. [PMID: 12757620 PMCID: PMC1782965 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble low-affinity receptors for IgG are known to inhibit immune complex (IC)-mediated inflammation, and expression by leukocytes is elevated in several inflammatory diseases. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) rheumatoid factors (RF), anti-Fc autoantibodies, are found in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as in normal immune responses. This study demonstrated that soluble FcgammaRIIa inhibits the interaction of rheumatoid factors with ICs. The recombinant soluble low-affinity FcgammaR, rsFcgammaRIIa, partially inhibited (30-70%) the rate of precipitation of soluble ICs by RF-positive RA sera. This required the normal interaction of FcgammaRIIa with Fc as the effect could be abrogated with the Fab fragment of the blocking mAb IV-3. Furthermore, rsFcgammaRIIa partially inhibited (40%) the binding of a monoclonal IgM RF (RF-AN) to an IC formed by IgG2 antibody binding to an antigen-coated biosensor chip. Since RF-AN has been characterized by crystallography to bind to the CH2/CH3 interface of the IgG-Fc, and leukocyte FcgammaRIIa binds to a distinct site centred on the lower hinge, this inhibition is uncompetitive. Some inhibition (15%) of staphylococcal protein A binding to IC was also observed. As soluble FcgammaRIIa disrupts Fc:Fc interactions in IgG-ICs, we propose that this alteration of the IC also reduces the accessibility of Fc portions in the IC, resulting in the partial inhibition of ligands, particularly IgM RF, which bind Fc. We propose that the high concentrations of soluble FcgammaR found during inflammation can affect the properties of ICs and their interaction with the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Wines
- Departments of Rheumatology and Medicine, The Austin Research Institute, Austin Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Meyer O. Place du TNFα et des cytokines dans la physiopathologie de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde Perspectives thérapeutiques Perspectives thérapeutiques. BULLETIN DE L ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-4079(19)33977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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