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Dong Z, Yang C, Zhang D, Dong S. The application of human medical image-based finite element analysis in the construction of mouse osteoarthritis models. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26226. [PMID: 38390145 PMCID: PMC10882037 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The anterior cruciate ligament plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the knee joint. Its injury is a common cause of articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA). The anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) method is commonly employed to construct animal models for studying osteoarthritis pathogenesis. However, the precise mechanism of how anterior cruciate ligament injury leads to osteoarthritis is not fully understood. This study utilized finite element analysis (FEA) with human medical images to simulate the biomechanical characteristics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Osteoarthritis models were subsequently established in C57BL/6 mice using ACLT to explore the link between ACL injury and osteoarthritis development. The results of FEA showed that, after an anterior cruciate ligament injury, abnormal stress was concentrated in the medial and lateral of the femoral and tibial articular cartilage during knee flexion and extension. In order to better display the pathological changes of articular cartilage in the stress areas, the medial tibial cartilage was selected as a representative area to observe the continuous pathological changes of articular cartilage in ACLT-induced OA mice. The articular cartilage degeneration was most dramatic at four weeks post ACLT operation and then remained relatively stable. This study may have significant implications for the development of animal models of osteoarthritis and provide a reference for histopathological research on osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicai Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chunhan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 650000, Kunming, PR China
| | - Dingsong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, 650118, Kunming, PR China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, PR China
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Haubruck P, Heller R, Blaker CL, Clarke EC, Smith SM, Burkhardt D, Liu Y, Stoner S, Zaki S, Shu CC, Little CB. Streamlining quantitative joint-wide medial femoro-tibial histopathological scoring of mouse post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis models. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1602-1611. [PMID: 37716405 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Histological scoring remains the gold-standard for quantifying post-traumatic osteoarthritis (ptOA) in animal models, allowing concurrent evaluation of numerous joint tissues. Available systems require scoring multiple sections/joint making analysis laborious and expensive. We investigated if a single section allowed equivalent quantitation of pathology in different joint tissues and disease stages, in three ptOA models. METHOD Male 10-12-week-old C57BL/6 mice underwent surgical medial-meniscal-destabilization, anterior-cruciate-ligament (ACL) transection, non-invasive-ACL-rupture, or served as sham-surgical, non-invasive-ACL-strain, or naïve/non-operated controls. Mice (n = 12/group) were harvested 1-, 4-, 8-, and 16-week post-intervention. Serial sagittal toluidine-blue/fast-green stained sections of the medial-femoro-tibial joint (n = 7/joint, 84 µm apart) underwent blinded scoring of 40 histology-outcomes. We evaluated agreement between single-slide versus entire slide-set maximum or median scores (weighted-kappa), and sensitivity/specificity of single-slide versus median/maximum to detect OA pathology. RESULTS A single optimal mid-sagittal section showed excellent agreement with median (weighted-kappa 0.960) and maximum (weighted-kappa 0.926) scores. Agreement for individual histology-outcomes was high with only 19/240 median and 15/240 maximum scores having a weighted-kappa ≤0.4, the majority of these (16/19 and 11/15) in control groups. Statistically-significant histology-outcome differences between ptOA models and their controls detected with the entire slide-set were reliably reproduced using a single slide (sensitivity >93.15%, specificity >93.10%). The majority of false-negatives with single-slide scoring were meniscal and subchondral bone histology-outcomes (89%) and occurred in weeks 1-4 post-injury (84%). CONCLUSION A single mid-sagittal slide reduced the time needed to score diverse histopathological changes by 87% without compromising the sensitivity or specificity of the analysis, across a variety of ptOA models and time-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haubruck
- Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Raban Heller
- Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina L Blaker
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia; Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Susan M Smith
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Daniel Burkhardt
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Yolanda Liu
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Shihani Stoner
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Sanaa Zaki
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Cindy C Shu
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
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3
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Lei X, Tan G, Wang Y, Chen L, Cao Y, Si B, Zhen Z, Li B, Jin Y, Wang W, Jin F. Mitochondrial Calcium Nanoregulators Reverse the Macrophage Proinflammatory Phenotype Through Restoring Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1469-1489. [PMID: 36998601 PMCID: PMC10046163 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s402170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease accompanied by an elevated macrophage proinflammatory phenotype, which is triggered by persistent pathologically elevated calcium ion levels in mitochondria. However, existing pharmacological compounds targeting the inhibition of mitochondrial calcium ion (m[Ca2+]) influx are currently limited in terms of plasma membrane permeability and low specificity for ion channels and transporters. In the present study, we synthesized mesoporous silica nanoparticle-amidated (MSN)-ethylenebis (oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EGTA)/triphenylphosphine (TPP)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) [METP] nanoparticles (NPs), which specifically target mitochondria and block excess calcium ion influx. Methods m[Ca2+] overload in OA mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was detected by a fluorescence probe. A tissue in situ fluorescence colocalization assay was used to evaluate METP NP uptake by macrophages. BMDMs from healthy mice were pretreated with a concentration gradient of METP NPs followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and detection of m[Ca2+] levels in vitro. The optimal METP NP concentration was further applied, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytoplasm calcium levels were detected. The inflammatory phenotype was measured by surface markers, cytokine secretion and intracellular inflammatory gene/protein expression. A Seahorse cell energy metabolism assay was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which METP NPs reverse the BMDM proinflammatory phenotype. Results The present study identified calcium overload in BMDM mitochondria of OA mice. We demonstrated that METP NPs reversed the increased m[Ca2+] levels in mitochondria and the proinflammatory phenotype of BMDMs, with both in vivo and in vitro experiments, via the inhibition of the mitochondrial aspartate-arginosuccinate shunt and ROS production. Conclusion We demonstrated that METP NPs are effective and highly specific regulators of m[Ca2+] overload. In addition, we demonstrated that these METP NPs reverse the macrophage proinflammatory phenotype by restoring m[Ca2+] homeostasis, thereby inhibiting the tissue inflammatory response and achieving a therapeutic effect for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lei
- Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Tan
- Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification & Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Si
- Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Wei Wang, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Fang Jin
- Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fang Jin, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China, Email
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4
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Little-Letsinger SE, Rubin J, Diekman B, Rubin CT, McGrath C, Pagnotti GM, Klett EL, Styner M. Exercise to Mend Aged-tissue Crosstalk in Bone Targeting Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:22-35. [PMID: 34489173 PMCID: PMC8840966 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces alterations in bone structure and strength through a multitude of processes, exacerbating common aging- related diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Cellular hallmarks of aging are examined, as related to bone and the marrow microenvironment, and ways in which these might contribute to a variety of age-related perturbations in osteoblasts, osteocytes, marrow adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and their respective progenitors. Cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and intracellular communication changes are central pathways and recognized as associated and potentially causal in aging. We focus on these in musculoskeletal system and highlight knowledge gaps in the literature regarding cellular and tissue crosstalk in bone, cartilage, and the bone marrow niche. While senolytics have been utilized to target aging pathways, here we propose non-pharmacologic, exercise-based interventions as prospective "senolytics" against aging effects on the skeleton. Increased bone mass and delayed onset or progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are some of the recognized benefits of regular exercise across the lifespan. Further investigation is needed to delineate how cellular indicators of aging manifest in bone and the marrow niche and how altered cellular and tissue crosstalk impact disease progression, as well as consideration of exercise as a therapeutic modality, as a means to enhance discovery of bone-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- SE Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - J Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - B Diekman
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Joint Departments of Biomedical Engineering NC State & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - CT Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook
| | - C McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - GM Pagnotti
- Dept of Endocrine, Neoplasia, and Hormonal Disorders, University Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - EL Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - M Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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5
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Zhou Q, Ren Q, Jiao L, Huang J, Yi J, Chen J, Lai J, Ji G, Zheng T. The potential roles of JAK/STAT signaling in the progression of osteoarthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1069057. [PMID: 36506076 PMCID: PMC9729341 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related chronic progressive degenerative disease that induces persistent pain and disabilities. The development of OA is a complex process, and the risk factors are various, including aging, genetics, trauma and altered biomechanics. Inflammation and immunity play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. JAK/STAT pathway is one of the most prominent intracellular signaling pathways, regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Inflammatory factors can act as the initiators of JAK/STAT pathway, which is implicated in the pathophysiological activity of chondrocyte. In this article, we provide a review on the importance of JAK/STAT pathway in the pathological development of OA. Potentially, JAK/STAT pathway becomes a therapeutic target for managing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingluo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linhui Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jishang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jincai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guanglin Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanglin Ji, ; Tiansheng Zheng,
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanglin Ji, ; Tiansheng Zheng,
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6
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Hu C, Sun K, Yu D, Tian S. Plantamajoside Ameliorates Inflammatory Response of Chondrocytes via Regulating NF- κB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The damage of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis involves the oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of plantamajoside (PM) in chondrocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanism. The cell viability following treatment with PM or lipopolysac-charide
(LPS) was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was supplied to determine the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the oxidative stress-related markers were evaluated via assay kits. TUNEL assay was employed to stain the apoptotic cells.
The components of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome were estimated by western blot analysis. LPS-insulted cell viability of ATDC5 was restored by PM. PM alleviated the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of ATDC5 cells induced by LPS.
Furthermore, it was found that the apoptotic cells were reduced following PM treatment. The protein levels of NF-κB, IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and NLRP3 inflammasome were decreased by PM. These results suggested that PM protected the ATDC5 cells
from LPS stimulation, alleviated the inflammatory response may through regulating the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266555, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266555, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266555, P. R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266555, P. R. China
| | - Dingzhu Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266555, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqi Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266555, P. R. China
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7
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Qiu P, Xia C, Fang Y, Mei S, Fang C, Shi Y, Wu K, Chen Z, Fan S, He D, Lin X, Chen P. Primary chondrocyte exosomes mediate osteoarthritis progression by regulating mitochondrion and immune reactivity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 14:3193-3212. [PMID: 31855117 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to investigate the proteomics of primary chondrocyte exosomes and the effect of exosomes in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Materials & methods: We isolated exosomes from primary chondrocytes cultured in normal (D0) and inflammatory environments induced by IL-1β and determined the proteomics of these exosomes. Next, we investigated what effect and mechanism D0 chondrocytes exosomes have in OA treatment. Results: There were more proteins that belonged to mitochondrion and were involved in immune system processes in D0 exosomes. Notably, intra-articular administration of D0 exosomes successfully prevented the development of OA. D0 chondrocyte exosomes could restore mitochondrial dysfunction and polarize macrophage response toward an M2 phenotype. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that primary chondrocyte exosomes are efficient in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, 5th Affiliated Hospital, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yifan Fang
- Hangzhou Foreign Languages School, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Sheng Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiling Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kaiwei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dengwei He
- Department of Orthopedics, 5th Affiliated Hospital, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration & Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
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8
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Sun X, Huang H, Pan X, Li S, Xie Z, Ma Y, Hu B, Wang J, Chen Z, Shi P. EGR1 promotes the cartilage degeneration and hypertrophy by activating the Krüppel-like factor 5 and β-catenin signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2490-2503. [PMID: 31201921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common orthopedic diseases in elderly people who have lost their mobility. In this study,we observed abnormally high EGR1 expression in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis. We also found significantly high EGR1 expression in the articular cartilage of mice with destabilized medial meniscus (DMM)-induced osteoarthritis and 20-month-old mice. In vitro experiments indicated that IL-1β could significantly enhance EGR1 expression in primary mouse chondrocytes. EGR1 over-expression in chondrocytes using adenovirus could inhibit COl2A1 expression and enhance MMP9 and MMP13 expression. And silencing EGR1, using RNAi, had the opposite effects. Moreover, EGR1 over-expression accelerated chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro, and EGR1 knockdown reversed this effect. We then explored the underlying mechanism. EGR1 over-expression increased Kruppel-Like Factor 5 (KLF5) protein level without influencing its synthesis. Enhanced EGR1 expression induced its integration with KLF5, leading to suppressed ubiquitination of KLF5. Moreover, EGR1 prompted β-catenin nuclear transportation to control chondrocyte hypertrophy. Ectopic expression of EGR1 in articular cartilage aggravated the degradation of the cartilage matrix in vivo. The EGR1 inhibitor, ML264, protected chondrocytes from IL-1β-mediated cartilage matrix degradation in vitro and DMM-induced osteoarthritis in vivo. Above all, we demonstrate the effect and mechanisms of EGR1 on osteoarthritis and provide evidence that the ML264 might be a potential drug for treating osteoarthritis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuoda Li
- Department of Chinese medicine orthopedics, Ningbo Chinese Medicine Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peihua Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
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Bolduc JA, Collins JA, Loeser RF. Reactive oxygen species, aging and articular cartilage homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:73-82. [PMID: 30176344 PMCID: PMC6342625 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes are responsible for the maintenance of the articular cartilage. A loss of homeostasis in cartilage contributes to the development of osteoarthritis (OA) when the synthetic capacity of chondrocytes is overwhelmed by processes that promote matrix degradation. There is evidence for an age-related imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production relative to the anti-oxidant capacity of chondrocytes that plays a role in cartilage degradation as well as chondrocyte cell death. The ROS produced by chondrocytes that have received the most attention include superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, the reactive nitrogen species nitric oxide, and the nitric oxide derived product peroxynitrite. Excess levels of these ROS not only cause oxidative-damage but, perhaps more importantly, cause a disruption in cell signaling pathways that are redox-regulated, including Akt and MAP kinase signaling. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced activity of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) are associated with an increase in mitochondrial-derived ROS and are in part responsible for the increase in chondrocyte ROS with age. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a key family of peroxidases responsible for removal of H2O2, as well as for regulating redox-signaling events. Prxs are inactivated by hyperoxidation. An age-related increase in chondrocyte Prx hyperoxidation and an increase in OA cartilage has been noted. The finding in mice that deletion of SOD2 or the anti-oxidant gene transcriptional regulator nuclear factor-erythroid 2- related factor (Nrf2) result in more severe OA, while overexpression or treatment with mitochondrial targeted anti-oxidants reduces OA, further support a role for excessive ROS in the pathogenesis of OA. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies targeting specific anti-oxidant systems including mitochondrial ROS may be of value in reducing the progression of age-related OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesalyn A Bolduc
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John A Collins
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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10
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The CH25H-CYP7B1-RORα axis of cholesterol metabolism regulates osteoarthritis. Nature 2019; 566:254-258. [PMID: 30728500 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis-the most common form of age-related degenerative whole-joint disease1-is primarily characterized by cartilage destruction, as well as by synovial inflammation, osteophyte formation and subchondral bone remodelling2,3. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis are largely unknown. Although osteoarthritis is currently considered to be associated with metabolic disorders, direct evidence for this is lacking, and the role of cholesterol metabolism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis has not been fully investigated4-6. Various types of cholesterol hydroxylases contribute to cholesterol metabolism in extrahepatic tissues by converting cellular cholesterol to circulating oxysterols, which regulate diverse biological processes7,8. Here we show that the CH25H-CYP7B1-RORα axis of cholesterol metabolism in chondrocytes is a crucial catabolic regulator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritic chondrocytes had increased levels of cholesterol because of enhanced uptake, upregulation of cholesterol hydroxylases (CH25H and CYP7B1) and increased production of oxysterol metabolites. Adenoviral overexpression of CH25H or CYP7B1 in mouse joint tissues caused experimental osteoarthritis, whereas knockout or knockdown of these hydroxylases abrogated the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Moreover, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) was found to mediate the induction of osteoarthritis by alterations in cholesterol metabolism. These results indicate that osteoarthritis is a disease associated with metabolic disorders and suggest that targeting the CH25H-CYP7B1-RORα axis of cholesterol metabolism may provide a therapeutic avenue for treating osteoarthritis.
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11
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Son YO, Kim HE, Choi WS, Chun CH, Chun JS. RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 regulates osteoarthritis by modulating members of the heat shock protein 70 family. Nat Commun 2019; 10:77. [PMID: 30622281 PMCID: PMC6325149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease characterized by cartilage destruction and other whole-joint pathological changes. There is currently no effective disease-modifying therapy. Here we investigate the post-transcriptional mRNA regulation of OA-modulating proteins in chondrocytes and show that the ZFP36 family member, ZFP36L1, is specifically upregulated in OA chondrocytes and OA cartilage of humans and mice. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ZFP36L1 alone in mouse knee-joint tissue does not modulate OA pathogenesis. However, genetic ablation or silencing of Zfp36l1 significantly abrogates experimental OA in mice. Knockdown of Zfp36l1 increases the mRNA expression of two heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family members, which act as its direct targets. Furthermore, overexpression of HSPA1A in joint tissues protects mice against experimental OA by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis. Our results indicate that the RNA-binding protein, ZFP36L1, regulates HSP70 family members that appear to protect against OA pathogenesis by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis. Osteoarthritis is characterised by degeneration of joint cartilage. Here the authors show that the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 is upregulated in chondrocytes of humans and mice with osteoarthritis, and that its knockdown in mouse joints protects chondrocytes against apoptosis by modulating the function of heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Su Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Choi WS, Yang JI, Kim W, Kim HE, Kim SK, Won Y, Son YO, Chun CH, Chun JS. Critical role for arginase II in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:421-428. [PMID: 30610061 PMCID: PMC6390026 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) appears to be associated with various metabolic disorders, but the potential contribution of amino acid metabolism to OA pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we explored whether alterations in the amino acid metabolism of chondrocytes could regulate OA pathogenesis. Methods Expression profiles of amino acid metabolism-regulating genes in primary-culture passage 0 mouse chondrocytes were examined by microarray analysis, and selected genes were further characterised in mouse OA chondrocytes and OA cartilage of human and mouse models. Experimental OA in mice was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) or intra-articular (IA) injection of adenoviruses expressing catabolic regulators. The functional consequences of arginase II (Arg-II) were examined in Arg2−/− mice and those subjected to IA injection of an adenovirus encoding Arg-II (Ad-Arg-II). Results The gene encoding Arg-II, an arginine-metabolising enzyme, was specifically upregulated in chondrocytes under various pathological conditions and in OA cartilage from human patients with OA and various mouse models. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Arg-II in mouse joint tissues caused OA pathogenesis, whereas genetic ablation of Arg2 in mice (Arg2−/−) abolished all manifestations of DMM-induced OA. Mechanistically, Arg-II appears to cause OA cartilage destruction at least partly by upregulating the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase 3 [MMP3] and MMP13) in chondrocytes via the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Conclusions Our results indicate that Arg-II is a crucial regulator of OA pathogenesis in mice. Although chondrocytes of human and mouse do not identically, but similarly, respond to Arg-II, our results suggest that Arg-II could be a therapeutic target of OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Su Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-In Yang
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wihak Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Won
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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13
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Targeting of chondrocyte plasticity via connexin43 modulation attenuates cellular senescence and fosters a pro-regenerative environment in osteoarthritis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1166. [PMID: 30518918 PMCID: PMC6281585 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, is a leading cause of disability and pain worldwide. In OA, chondrocytes in cartilage undergo phenotypic changes and senescence, restricting cartilage regeneration and favouring disease progression. Similar to other wound-healing disorders, chondrocytes from OA patients show a chronic increase in the gap junction channel protein connexin43 (Cx43), which regulates signal transduction through the exchange of elements or recruitment/release of signalling factors. Although immature or stem-like cells are present in cartilage from OA patients, their origin and role in disease progression are unknown. In this study, we found that Cx43 acts as a positive regulator of chondrocyte-mesenchymal transition. Overactive Cx43 largely maintains the immature phenotype by increasing nuclear translocation of Twist-1 and tissue remodelling and proinflammatory agents, such as MMPs and IL-1β, which in turn cause cellular senescence through upregulation of p53, p16INK4a and NF-κB, contributing to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Downregulation of either Cx43 by CRISPR/Cas9 or Cx43-mediated gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) by carbenoxolone treatment triggered rediferentiation of osteoarthritic chondrocytes into a more differentiated state, associated with decreased synthesis of MMPs and proinflammatory factors, and reduced senescence. We have identified causal Cx43-sensitive circuit in chondrocytes that regulates dedifferentiation, redifferentiation and senescence. We propose that chondrocytes undergo chondrocyte-mesenchymal transition where increased Cx43-mediated GJIC during OA facilitates Twist-1 nuclear translocation as a novel mechanism involved in OA progression. These findings support the use of Cx43 as an appropriate therapeutic target to halt OA progression and to promote cartilage regeneration.
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14
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Wang Q, Tan Q, Xu W, Kuang L, Zhang B, Wang Z, Ni Z, Su N, Jin M, Li C, Jiang W, Huang J, Li F, Zhu Y, Chen H, Du X, Chen D, Deng C, Qi H, Xie Y, Chen L. Postnatal deletion of Alk5 gene in meniscal cartilage accelerates age-dependent meniscal degeneration in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:595-605. [PMID: 30078186 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has been used to enhance healing of meniscal degeneration in several models. However, the exact role and molecular mechanism of TGF-β signaling in meniscus maintenance and degeneration are still not understood due to the absence of in vivo evidence. In this study, we found that the expression of activin receptor-like kinases 5 (ALK5) in the meniscus was decreased with the progression of age and/or osteoarthritis induced meniscal degeneration. Col2α1 positive cells were found to be specifically distributed in the superficial and inner zones of the anterior horn, as well as the inner zone of the posterior horn in mice, indicating that Col2α1-CreERT2 mice can be a used for studying gene function in menisci. Furthermore, we deleted Alk5 in Col2α1 positive cells in meniscus by administering tamoxifen. Alterations in the menisci structure were evaluated histologically. The expression levels of genes and proteins associated with meniscus homeostasis and TGF-β signaling were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our results revealed severe and progressive meniscal degeneration phenotype in 3- and 6-month-old Alk5 cKO mice compared with Cre-negative control, including aberrantly increased hypertrophic meniscal cells, severe fibrillation, and structure disruption of meniscus. qRT-PCR and IHC results showed that disruption of anabolic and catabolic homeostasis of chondrocytes may contribute to the meniscal degeneration phenotype observed in Alk5 cKO mice. Thus, TGF-β/ALK5 signaling plays a chondro-protective role in menisci homeostasis, in part, by inhibiting matrix degradation and maintaining extracellular matrix proteins levels in meniscal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Kuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuqiang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanling Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Hu X, Ji X, Yang M, Fan S, Wang J, Lu M, Shi W, Mei L, Xu C, Fan X, Hussain M, Du J, Wu J, Wu X. Cdc42 Is Essential for Both Articular Cartilage Degeneration and Subchondral Bone Deterioration in Experimental Osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:945-958. [PMID: 29314205 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42, a member of Rho family small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), is critical for cartilage development. We investigated the roles of Cdc42 in osteoarthritis and explored the potential mechanism underlying Cdc42-mediated articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deterioration. Cdc42 is highly expressed in both articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a mouse osteoarthritis model with surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in the knee joints. Specifically, genetic disruption of Cdc42, knockdown of Cdc42 expression, or inhibition of Cdc42 activity robustly attenuates the DMM-induced destruction, hypertrophy, high expression of matrix metallopeptidase-13 and collagen X, and activation of Stat3 in articular cartilages. Notably, genetic disruption of Cdc42, knockdown of Cdc42 expression or inhibition of Cdc42 activity significantly restored the increased numbers of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and neovascularized vessels, the increased bone mass, and the activated Erk1/2, Smad1/5 and Smad2 in subchondral bone of DMM-operated mice. Mechanistically, Cdc42 mediates interleukin-1β-induced interleukin-6 production and subsequent Jak/Stat3 activation to regulate chondrocytic inflammation, and also lies upstream of Erk/Smads to regulate subchondral bone remodeling during transform growth factor-β1 signaling. Cdc42 is apparently required for both articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deterioration of osteoarthritis, thus, interventions targeting Cdc42 have potential in osteoarthritic therapy. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- Department of Rheumatology of t, he Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Du
- Department of Orthopedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Son YO, Park S, Kwak JS, Won Y, Choi WS, Rhee J, Chun CH, Ryu JH, Kim DK, Choi HS, Chun JS. Estrogen-related receptor γ causes osteoarthritis by upregulating extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2133. [PMID: 29247173 PMCID: PMC5732273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family of orphan nuclear receptor is composed of ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ, which are known to regulate various isoform-specific functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigate the involvement of ERRs in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) in mice. Among ERR family members, ERRγ is markedly upregulated in cartilage from human OA patients and various mouse models of OA. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ERRγ in mouse knee joint or transgenic expression of ERRγ in cartilage leads to OA. ERRγ overexpression in chondrocytes directly upregulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP13, which are known to play crucial roles in cartilage destruction in OA. In contrast, genetic ablation of Esrrg or shRNA-mediated downregulation of Esrrg in joint tissues abrogates experimental OA in mice. Our results collectively indicate that ERRγ is a novel catabolic regulator of OA pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is unclear. The authors show that estrogen-related receptor gamma is upregulated in cartilage from patients and mouse models, where it drives production of matrix-degrading MMPs in chondrocytes, and that its downregulation ameliorates pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kwak
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Won
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Su Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseol Rhee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Tang J, Su N, Zhou S, Xie Y, Huang J, Wen X, Wang Z, Wang Q, Xu W, Du X, Chen H, Chen L. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Inhibits Osteoarthritis Progression in the Knee Joints of Adult Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2432-43. [PMID: 27159076 DOI: 10.1002/art.39739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is involved in articular cartilage homeostasis. This study was undertaken to investigate the role and mechanisms of FGF receptor 3 (FGFR-3) in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) caused by surgery and aging in mice. METHODS FGFR-3 was conditionally deleted or activated in articular chondrocytes in adult mice subjected to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). A mouse model of human achondroplasia was also used to assess the role of FGFR-3 in age-associated spontaneous OA. Knee joint cartilage was histologically evaluated and scored using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International system. The expression of genes associated with articular cartilage maintenance was quantitatively evaluated in hip cartilage explants. The effect of inhibiting Indian hedgehog (IHH) signaling in Fgfr3-deficient explants was analyzed. RESULTS Conditional Fgfr3 deletion in mice aggravated DMM-induced cartilage degeneration. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 and type X collagen levels were up-regulated, while type II collagen levels were down-regulated, in the articular cartilage of these mice. Conversely, FGFR-3 activation attenuated cartilage degeneration induced by DMM surgery and age. IHH signaling and runt-related transcription factor 2 levels in mouse articular chondrocytes were up-regulated in the absence of Fgfr3, while inhibition of IHH signaling suppressed the increases in the expression of Runx2, Mmp13, and other factors in Fgfr3-deficient mouse cartilage explants. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FGFR-3 delays OA progression in mouse knee joints at least in part via down-regulation of IHH signaling in articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhou Tang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siru Zhou
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Wen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuqiang Wang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Blaker CL, Clarke EC, Little CB. Using mouse models to investigate the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:424-439. [PMID: 27312470 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is defined by its development after joint injury. Factors contributing to the risk of PTOA occurring, the rate of progression, and degree of associated disability in any individual, remain incompletely understood. What constitutes an "OA-inducing injury" is not defined. In line with advances in the traumatic brain injury field, we propose the scope of PTOA-inducing injuries be expanded to include not only those causing immediate structural damage and instability (Type I), but also those without initial instability/damage from moderate (Type II) or minor (Type III) loading severity. A review of the literature revealed this full spectrum of potential PTOA subtypes can be modeled in mice, with 27 Type I, 6 Type II, and 4 Type III models identified. Despite limitations due to cartilage anatomy, joint size, and bio-fluid availability, mice offer advantages as preclinical models to study PTOA, particularly genetically modified strains. Histopathology was the most common disease outcome, cartilage more frequently studied than bone or synovium, and meniscus and ligaments rarely evaluated. Other methods used to examine PTOA included gene expression, protein analysis, and imaging. Despite the major issues reported by patients being pain and biomechanical dysfunction, these were the least commonly measured outcomes in mouse models. Informative correlations of simultaneously measured disease outcomes in individual animals, was rarely done in any mouse PTOA model. This review has identified knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to increase understanding and improve prevention and management of PTOA. Preclinical mouse models play a critical role in these endeavors. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:424-439, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina L Blaker
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Clarke
- Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
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Lewallen EA, Bonin CA, Li X, Smith J, Karperien M, Larson AN, Lewallen DG, Cool SM, Westendorf JJ, Krych AJ, Leontovich AA, Im HJ, van Wijnen AJ. The synovial microenvironment of osteoarthritic joints alters RNA-seq expression profiles of human primary articular chondrocytes. Gene 2016; 591:456-64. [PMID: 27378743 PMCID: PMC5989726 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling degenerative joint disease that prompts pain and has limited treatment options. To permit early diagnosis and treatment of OA, a high resolution mechanistic understanding of human chondrocytes in normal and diseased states is necessary. In this study, we assessed the biological effects of OA-related changes in the synovial microenvironment on chondrocytes embedded within anatomically intact cartilage from joints with different pathological grades by next generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). We determined the transcriptome of primary articular chondrocytes derived from anatomically unaffected knees and ankles, as well as from joints affected by OA. The GALAXY bioinformatics platform was used to facilitate biological interpretations. Comparisons of patient samples by k-means, hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses together reveal that primary chondrocytes exhibit OA grade-related differences in gene expression, including genes involved in cell-adhesion, ECM production and immune response. We conclude that diseased synovial microenvironments in joints with different histopathological OA grades directly alter gene expression in chondrocytes. One ramification of this finding is that anatomically intact cartilage from OA joints is not an ideal source of healthy chondrocytes, nor should these specimens be used to generate a normal baseline for the molecular characterization of diseased joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Carolina A Bonin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Xin Li
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Jay Smith
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - David G Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Simon M Cool
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Alexey A Leontovich
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Esseltine JL, Laird DW. Next-Generation Connexin and Pannexin Cell Biology. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:944-955. [PMID: 27339936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Connexins and pannexins are two families of large-pore channel forming proteins that are capable of passing small signaling molecules. While connexins serve the seminal task of direct gap junctional intercellular communication, pannexins are far less understood but function primarily as single membrane channels in autocrine and paracrine signaling. Advancements in connexin and pannexin biology in recent years has revealed that in addition to well-described classical functions at the plasma membrane, exciting new evidence suggests that connexins and pannexins participate in alternative pathways involving multiple intracellular compartments. Here we briefly highlight classical functions of connexins and pannexins but focus our attention mostly on the transformative findings that suggest that these channel-forming proteins may serve roles far beyond our current understandings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Esseltine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Veronesi F, Della Bella E, Cepollaro S, Brogini S, Martini L, Fini M. Novel therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis: Narrative review on knock-out genes involved in disease development in mouse animal models. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:593-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bomer N, den Hollander W, Ramos YFM, Meulenbelt I. Translating genomics into mechanisms of disease: Osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2016; 29:683-91. [PMID: 27107506 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related arthritic disorder and is characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) content and surface disruptions that range from fibrillation, clefting and delamination, leading to articular surface erosion. Worldwide, over 20% of the population is affected with OA and 80% of these patients have limitations in movement, whereas 25% experience inhibition in major daily activities of life. OA is the most common disabling arthritic disease; nevertheless, no disease-modifying treatment is available except for the expensive total joint replacement surgery at end-stage disease. Lack of insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of OA has considerably contributed to the inability of the scientific community to develop disease-modifying drugs. To overcome this critical barrier, focus should be on translation of identified robust gene deviations towards the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bomer
- Dept. Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, LUMC Post-zone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter den Hollander
- Dept. Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, LUMC Post-zone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Yolande F M Ramos
- Dept. Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, LUMC Post-zone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Dept. Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, LUMC Post-zone S-05-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disease of our joints, manifested by a dynamically increasing degeneration of hyaline articular cartilage (AC). While currently no therapy can reverse this process, the few available treatment options are hampered by the inability of early diagnosis. Loss of cartilage surface, or extracellular matrix (ECM), integrity is considered the earliest sign of OA. Despite the increasing number of imaging modalities surprisingly few imaging biomarkers exist. In this narrative review, recent developments in optical coherence tomography are critically evaluated for their potential to assess different aspects of AC quality as biomarkers of OA. Special attention is paid to imaging surface irregularities, ECM organization and the evaluation of posttraumatic injuries by light-based modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , University Hospital RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Nicolai Brill
- b Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology , Aachen , Germany , and
| | - Sven Nebelung
- a Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , University Hospital RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany .,c Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , University Hospital RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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24
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Osteoarthritis is what the people have. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:819-21. [PMID: 26175089 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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