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Pătrîntașu DE, Sárközi HK, Lupușor E, Vlangăr IE, Rotariu GM, Rența IA, Nan AN, Budin CE. A Multidisciplinary Approach as a Goal for the Management of Complications in Systemic Scleroderma: A Literature Review and Case Scenario. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3332. [PMID: 37958228 PMCID: PMC10648338 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (also known as scleroderma) is a chronic fibrosing autoimmune disease with both skin and multisystem organ involvement. Scleroderma has the highest mortality among all rheumatic diseases. The pathophysiology mechanism of systemic sclerosis is a progressive self-amplifying process, which involves widespread microvascular damage, followed by a dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation and diffuse fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. Fibrosis of internal organs is a hint for systemic sclerosis, moreover associated with interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is a complex process. In order to correlate scientific data from the literature with clinical experience, we present the case of a 56-year-old woman who was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis 16 years ago. The association of numerous comorbidities characterized by a considerable level of seriousness characterizes this case: the highly extensive systemic damage, the cardiovascular impact of the illness, and the existence of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. The systemic and clinical manifestations, respiratory functional tests, radiological features, and specific therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariana-Elena Pătrîntașu
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Hédi Katalin Sárközi
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
- Pneumology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eugeniu Lupușor
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Irina Elena Vlangăr
- Cardiology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe-Marian Rotariu
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Ionuț-Alexandru Rența
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Anda-Nicoleta Nan
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Corina Eugenia Budin
- Pneumology Department, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.-E.P.); (H.K.S.); (E.L.); (I.-A.R.); (C.E.B.)
- Pathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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2
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Rosendahl AH, Schönborn K, Krieg T. Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:187-195. [PMID: 35234358 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is an autoimmune-triggered chronic fibrosing disease that affects the skin and many other organs. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves an early endothelial damage, an inflammatory infiltrate and a resulting fibrotic reaction. Based on a predisposing genetic background, an altered balance of the acquired and the innate immune system leads to the release of many cytokines and chemokines as well as autoantibodies, which induce the activation of fibroblasts with the formation of myofibroblasts and the deposition of a stiff and rigid connective tissue. A curative treatment is still not available but remarkable progress has been made in the management of organ complications. In addition, several breakthroughs in the pathophysiology have led to new therapeutic concepts. Based on these, many new compounds have been developed during the last years, which target these different pathways and offer specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Helen Rosendahl
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Schönborn
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Zaafan MA, Abdelhamid AM. Dasatinib ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis: modulation of miR-378 and miR-17 and their linked Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/smads pathways. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:118-124. [PMID: 34894966 PMCID: PMC8667920 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1995379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells activation (HSCs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Specific microRNAs have been suggested to affect the activation of HSCs via various signalling pathways including TGF-β/smads and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Dasatinib is a multitarget inhibitor of many tyrosine kinases has recently studied for its anti-fibrotic effects in a variety of fibrous diseases. This study investigated the role of modulation of miRNA-378 and miRNA-17 in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis through altering Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/smads pathways and evaluated the beneficial effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis model in mice. Treatment with dasatinib down-regulated miRNA-17 expression, leading to the restoration of WiF-1 and smad-7 which cause the inhibition of both Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/smads signalling. In addition, it upregulated miRNA-378 leading to the decrease of Wnt-10 which contributes to the suppression of activated HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Zaafan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Dokki, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelhamid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Dokki, Egypt
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4
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Adipose tissue is closely associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-pathology, both anatomically and functionally. This review focuses on local effects of adipocytes in the context of adipose to mesenchymal transdifferentiation (AMT), effects of the adipose stromal vascular fraction on SSc pathogenesis and systemic effects of adipose tissue secretome. RECENT FINDINGS Novel populations of fibroblasts evolving from adipose tissue were identified- for example COL11+ cancer-associated fibroblasts differentiated from adipose-derived stromal cells. Lipofibroblasts in human lungs were described using nonconventional markers that allow more effective population identification. These findings could make an important contribution to further clarification of adipocyte involvement in SSc.Recent studies confirmed that lipolysis contributes to fibrogenesis through AMT differentiation and release of fatty acids (FA). Unbalanced metabolism of FA has been reported in several studies in SSc. Other adipose tissue secretome molecules (e.g. lysophosphatidic acid), novel adipokines and extracellular vesicles from adipose mesenchymal stem cells make important contributions to the pro-/antifibrotic balance. SUMMARY There is a growing evidence of important contribution of adipose tissue and its secretome to SSc pathogenesis. Novel techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and metabolomics, albeit challenging to use in adipose tissue, will provide further evidence.
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Rosa I, Romano E, Fioretto BS, Matucci-Cerinic M, Manetti M. Adipose-derived stem cells: Pathophysiologic implications vs therapeutic potential in systemic sclerosis. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:30-48. [PMID: 33584978 PMCID: PMC7859990 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) residing in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of white adipose tissue are recently emerging as an alternative tool for stem cell-based therapy in systemic sclerosis (SSc), a complex connective tissue disorder affecting the skin and internal organs with fibrotic and vascular lesions. Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported promising therapeutic effects of fat grafting and autologous SVF/ADSC-based local treatment for facial and hand cutaneous manifestations of SSc patients. However, currently available data indicate that ADSCs may represent a double-edged sword in SSc, as they may exhibit a pro-fibrotic and anti-adipogenic phenotype, possibly behaving as an additional pathogenic source of pro-fibrotic myofibroblasts through the adipocyte-to-myofibroblast transition process. Thus, in the perspective of a larger employ of SSc-ADSCs for further therapeutic applications, it is important to definitely unravel whether these cells present a comparable phenotype and similar immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic properties in respect to healthy ADSCs. In light of the dual role that ADSCs seem to play in SSc, this review will provide a summary of the most recent insights into the preclinical and clinical studies employing SVF and ADSCs for the treatment of the disease and, at the same time, will focus on the main findings highlighting the possible involvement of these stem cells in SSc-related fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy.
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. The Role of Adipocytes and Adipocyte-Like Cells in the Severity of COVID-19 Infections. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1187-1190. [PMID: 32339391 PMCID: PMC7267593 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), demonstrates high morbidity and mortality caused by development of a severe acute respiratory syndrome connected with extensive pulmonary fibrosis. In this Perspective, we argue that adipocytes and adipocyte-like cells, such as pulmonary lipofibroblasts, may play an important role in the pathogenic response to SARS-CoV-2. Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (the functional receptor for SARS-CoV) is upregulated in adipocytes of patients with obesity and diabetes, which turns adipose tissue into a potential target and viral reservoir. This may explain why obesity and diabetes are potential comorbidities for COVID-19 infections. Similar to the recently established adipocyte-myofibroblast transition, pulmonary lipofibroblasts located in the alveolar interstitium and closely related to classical adipocytes demonstrate the ability to transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts that play an integral part of pulmonary fibrosis. This may significantly increase the severity of the local response to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung. To reduce the severity and mortality associated with COVID-19, we propose to probe for the clinical response to thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonists that are well-known antidiabetic drugs. Thiazolidinediones are able to stabilize lipofibroblasts in their "inactive" state, preventing the transition to myofibroblasts and thereby reducing the development of pulmonary fibrosis and stimulating its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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Kania G, Rudnik M, Distler O. Involvement of the myeloid cell compartment in fibrogenesis and systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 15:288-302. [PMID: 30953037 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune fibrotic disease of unknown aetiology that is characterized by vascular changes in the skin and visceral organs. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation can improve skin and organ fibrosis in patients with progressive disease and a high risk of organ failure, indicating that cells originating in the bone marrow are important contributors to the pathogenesis of SSc. Animal studies also indicate a pivotal function of myeloid cells in the development of fibrosis leading to changes in the tissue architecture and dysfunction in multiple organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidney. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge about the function of myeloid cells in fibrogenesis that occurs in patients with SSc. Targeted therapies currently in clinical studies for SSc might affect myeloid cell-related pathways. Therefore, myeloid cells might be used as cellular biomarkers of disease through the application of high-dimensional techniques such as mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kania
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rudnik
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Cutolo M, Soldano S, Smith V. Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis: current understanding and new insights. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:753-764. [PMID: 31046487 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1614915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by chronic and progressive tissue and organ fibrosis with broad patient-to-patient variability. Some risk factors are known and include combination of persistent Raynaud's phenomenon, steroid hormone imbalance, selected chemicals, thermal, or other injuries. Endogenous and/or exogenous environmental trigger/risk factors promote epigenetic mechanisms in genetically primed subjects. Disease pathogenesis presents early microvascular changes with endothelial cell dysfunction, followed by the activation of mechanisms promoting their transition into myofibroblasts. A complex autoimmune response, involving innate and adaptive immunity with specific/functional autoantibody production, characterizes the disease. Progressive fibrosis and ischemia involve skin and visceral organs resulting in their irreversible damage/failure. Progenitor circulating cells (monocytes, fibrocytes), together with growth factors and cytokines participate in disease diffusion and evolution. Epigenetic, vascular and immunologic mechanisms implicated in systemic fibrosis, represent major targets for incoming disease modifying therapeutic approaches. Areas covered: This review discusses current understanding and new insights of SSc pathogenesis, through an overview of the most relevant advancements to present aspects and mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis. Expert opinion: Considering SSc intricacy/heterogeneity, early combination therapy with vasodilators, immunosuppressive and antifibrotic drugs should successfully downregulate the disease progression, especially if started from the beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- a Research Laboratory and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Stefano Soldano
- a Research Laboratory and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Vanessa Smith
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Rheumatology , Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium.,d Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation , VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC) , Ghent , Belgium
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9
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Caveolin-1 as a target in prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scarring. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:9. [PMID: 31044089 PMCID: PMC6486604 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an important pathogenic factor in hypertrophic scarring (HTS). Such a reduction can be found in connection with the main known risk factors for HTS, including dark skin, female gender, young age, burn site and severity of the injury. The degree of overexpression of Cav-1 associated with different therapeutic options for HTS correlates with clinical improvements in HTS. This makes endo- or exogenous induction of Cav-1 not only an important therapeutic target for HTS, but also highlights its use as a preventive target to reduce or avoid HTS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549 USA
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10
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Caveolin-1 as a pathophysiological factor and target in psoriasis. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2019; 5:4. [PMID: 30729030 PMCID: PMC6363785 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-019-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is typical in psoriatic lesions and overexpression of Cav-1 leads to a reduction of inflammation and suppression of epidermal hyperproliferation, thus ameliorating these two well-known hallmarks of psoriasis. At the same time, the interfacial layers of the white adipose tissue (WAT) adjacent to psoriatic lesions demonstrate much higher stiffness, which also points to a modification of Cav-1 expression in this tissue. These processes are connected with each other and regulated via exosomal exchange. Here we discuss the role of Cav-1 expression in inflammatory and hyperproliferative processes and analyze the ways to provide spatially different modulation of Cav-1 expression in the skin and WAT. Such modulation can be induced by different pharmacological and physical factors. These include application of mechanical stress and supra-physiological temperatures. Cav-1 should therefore be considered as an important target in treatment of psoriasis.
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Yamashita T, Lakota K, Taniguchi T, Yoshizaki A, Sato S, Hong W, Zhou X, Sodin-Semrl S, Fang F, Asano Y, Varga J. An orally-active adiponectin receptor agonist mitigates cutaneous fibrosis, inflammation and microvascular pathology in a murine model of systemic sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11843. [PMID: 30087356 PMCID: PMC6081386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc) are autoimmunity, microangiopathy and fibrosis. Skin fibrosis is accompanied by attrition of the dermal white adipose tissue layer, and alterations in the levels and function of adiponectin. Since these findings potentially implicate adiponectin in the pathogenesis of SSc, we employed a novel pharmacological approach to augment adiponectin signaling using AdipoRon, an orally active adiponectin receptor agonist. Chronic treatment with AdipoRon significantly ameliorated bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis in mice. AdipoRon attenuated fibroblast activation, adipocyte-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation, Th2/Th17-skewed polarization of the immune response, vascular injury and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition within the lesional skin. In vitro, AdipoRon abrogated profibrotic responses elicited by TGF-β in normal fibroblasts, and reversed the inherently-activated profibrotic phenotype of SSc fibroblasts. In view of these broadly beneficial effects on all three cardinal pathomechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of SSc, pharmacological augmentation of adiponectin signaling might represent a novel strategy for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen Hong
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xingchun Zhou
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Snezn Sodin-Semrl
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Feng Fang
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Nicu C, Pople J, Bonsell L, Bhogal R, Ansell DM, Paus R. A guide to studying human dermal adipocytes in situ. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:589-602. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nicu
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - Laura Bonsell
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - David M. Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
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13
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Adipocyte-myofibroblast transition as a possible pathophysiological step in androgenetic alopecia. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:522-523. [PMID: 28482134 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Appearance of local fibrotic structures around and beneath hair follicles during their involution is a known hallmark of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). We hypothesise that this fibrosis can be connected with recently uncovered adipocyte-myofibroblast transition (AMT) involving the dermal adipocytes. This reflects that AMT is at least partially androgen-dependent, and we propose that AMT may play a role in AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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14
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Wollina U, Wetzker R, Abdel-Naser MB, Kruglikov IL. Role of adipose tissue in facial aging. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:2069-2076. [PMID: 29255352 PMCID: PMC5723114 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s151599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent modification of the facial subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) connected with reduction of its volume, modification of collagen content and adhesion between dermal and adipose layers can significantly influence mechanical stability of the skin and cause the development of aging symptoms such as wrinkles. Typical aging appearance in facial skin is at least partly connected with special phenotypical features of facial preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. In this paper, we have discussed the possible roles of local inflammation, compartmental structure of facial sWAT and trans-differentiation processes such as beiging of white adipocytes and adipocyte-myofibroblast transition in facial skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Macroscopic mechanical properties of human skin in vivo cannot be considered independent of adjacent subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). The layered system skin/sWAT appears as the hierarchical structural composite in which single layers behave as fiber-reinforced structures. Effective macroscopic mechanical properties of such composites are mainly determined either by the properties of the skin or by those of the sWAT, dependent on the conditions of mechanical loading. Mechanical interactions between the skin and the adjacent sWAT associated with a mismatch in the mechanical moduli of these two layers can lead to production of the skin wrinkles. Reinforcement of the composite skin/sWAT can take place in different ways. It can be provided through reorientation of collagen fibers under applied loading, through production of new bonds between existing collagen fibers and through induction of additional collagen structures. Effectiveness of this type of reinforcement is strongly dependent on the type of mechanical loading. Different physical interventions induce the reinforcement of at least one of these two layers, thus increasing the effective macroscopic stiffness of the total composite. At the same time, the standalone reinforcement of the skin appears to be less effective to achieve a delay or a reduction of the apparent signs of skin aging relative to the reinforcement of the sWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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