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Cómitre-Mariano B, Martínez-García M, García-Gálvez B, Paternina-Die M, Desco M, Carmona S, Gómez-Gaviro MV. Feto-maternal microchimerism: Memories from pregnancy. iScience 2022; 25:103664. [PMID: 35072002 PMCID: PMC8762399 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a bidirectional transplacental cell trafficking between mother and fetus during pregnancy in placental mammals. The presence and persistence of fetal cells in maternal tissues are known as fetal microchimerism (FMc). FMc has high multilineage potential with a great ability to differentiate and functionally integrate into maternal tissue. FMc has been found in various maternal tissues in animal models and humans. Its permanence in the maternal body up to decades after delivery suggests it might play an essential role in maternal pathophysiology. Studying the presence, localization, and characteristics of FMc in maternal tissues is key to understanding its impact on the woman's body. Here we comprehensively review the existence of FMc in different species and organs and tissues, aiming to better characterize their possible role in human health and disease. We also highlight several methodological considerations that would optimize the detection, quantification, and functional determination of FMc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Cómitre-Mariano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. (IiSGM), C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. (IiSGM), C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara García-Gálvez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. (IiSGM), C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paternina-Die
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. (IiSGM), C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. (IiSGM), C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, C/ Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. (IiSGM), C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Gómez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. (IiSGM), C/Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pabellón 11, planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
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Pattanaik D, Brown M, Postlethwaite BC, Postlethwaite AE. Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:272. [PMID: 26106387 PMCID: PMC4459100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is one of the most complex systemic autoimmune diseases. It targets the vasculature, connective tissue-producing cells (namely fibroblasts/myofibroblasts), and components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Clinical and pathologic manifestations of SSc are the result of: (1) innate/adaptive immune system abnormalities leading to production of autoantibodies and cell-mediated autoimmunity, (2) microvascular endothelial cell/small vessel fibroproliferative vasculopathy, and (3) fibroblast dysfunction generating excessive accumulation of collagen and other matrix components in skin and internal organs. All three of these processes interact and affect each other. The disease is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation that likely reflects different genetic or triggering factor (i.e., infection or environmental toxin) influences on the immune system, vasculature, and connective tissue cells. The roles played by other ubiquitous molecular entities (such as lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and their diverse receptors and vitamin D) in influencing the immune system, vasculature, and connective tissue cells are just beginning to be realized and studied and may provide insights into new therapeutic approaches to treat SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debendra Pattanaik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA ; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Memphis, TN , USA
| | - Monica Brown
- Section of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA
| | - Bradley C Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA
| | - Arnold E Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA ; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Memphis, TN , USA
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Li H, Yang R, Fan X, Gu T, Zhao Z, Chang D, Wang W, Wang C. MicroRNA array analysis of microRNAs related to systemic scleroderma. Rheumatol Int 2010; 32:307-13. [PMID: 21052672 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short, 18- to 25-nt sequences of noncoding, single-stranded RNA that function as regulatory molecules and participate in a series of vital processes including early development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, substance metabolism and the pathogenesis of human diseases. This study compared the microRNA profiles of patients with systemic scleroderma (SSc) and healthy control individuals to investigate the pathogenesis of SSc. Skin tissue was isolated from three patients with SSc and three healthy controls. miRNA microarray chip analysis identified 24 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in patients with SSc and 6 microRNAs that may be correlated with the pathogenesis of SSc. The results of the microarray analysis were confirmed using real-time PCR. This work suggests that miRNAs may be potential diagnosis biomarkers and are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Beijing Military Command General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100125, China
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4
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Hromadnikova I, Zlacka D, Nguyen TTH, Sedlackova L, Zejskova L, Sosna A. Cellules fœtales mésenchymateuses dérivées de tissu synovial et de peau de patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rhum.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hromadnikova I, Zlacka D, Hien Nguyen TT, Sedlackova L, Zejskova L, Sosna A. Fetal cells of mesenchymal origin in cultures derived from synovial tissue and skin of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2008; 75:563-6. [PMID: 18538621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transplacental cell transfer naturally takes place during pregnancy and occurs bi-directionally between the mother and fetus. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and sex determining region Y (SRY) gene as a marker, we examined the presence of male fetal cells in cell cultures derived from synovial tissues and skin dermis in women with prior pregnancy history suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who underwent synovectomy. Male DNA was detected in synovial cell samples derived from carpal, hip, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints in five out of 13 (38.5%) patients with RA in a frequency range of 0.02-62.55 (mean 12.17) male cells per 10,000,000 total cells. SRY gene positivity was found as well in skin fibroblast cultures in four out of 10 (40.0%) RA patients in a frequency range of 3.26-43.47 (mean 15.42) male cells per 10,000,000 total cells, respectively. The difference in a frequency of fetal-derived male cells between both the cohorts did not achieve the statistical difference (p=0.77). We conclude that persisting male fetal cells are able to grow from non-inflamed tissues as well as from those which have many features characteristic of a stressed tissue. We conclude that persisting male fetal cells are also able to proliferate in cell culture since their presence was detected even in consecutive passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Hromadnikova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Ruska 87, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
This review was designed to highlight new findings that have contributed to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of late graft dysfunction. Both immune and nonimmune causes contribute to its development. Specific contributors to late graft dysfunction have been recently recognized and are potential targets for new treatment options. The variables associated with late graft failure include donor age and tissue quality, brain death and other issues specific to the deceased donor, tissue injury secondary to organ preservation, alloimmune-mediated injury, and posttransplantation factors in the recipient, such as viral infections, hypertension, drug toxicity, and hyperlipidemia. One of the critical variables that is controllable is the total ischemic time; the longer the ischemic episode, the worse the long-term results of the transplant are. Another significant obstacle to long-term allograft survival is the MHC barrier. The roles of B cells and alloantibody as effectors of alloimmunity have been underestimated; emerging studies strongly suggest that previous sensitization and/or de novo donor-anti-human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies secondary to poor HLA matching portend a poor prognosis for allograft survival, even in the presence of chronic T-cell-specific immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Kamoun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, USA.
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Abstract
Rituximab, chimeric anti-human CD-20, is approved for treatment of B-cell lymphoma in adults. It is being used experimentally in other various immune-related disease such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In transplant recipients it is used for treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and prevention and treatment of acute rejection. There are few data on its use in children. This paper reviews the use of rituximab in these disease states and provides hypotheses for its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Pescovitz
- Department of Surgery, UH 4258, Indiana University Medical Center, 550 N University Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Flavahan NA, Flavahan S, Mitra S, Chotani MA. The vasculopathy of Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2003; 29:275-91, vi. [PMID: 12841295 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-857x(03)00021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The scleroderma (SSc) disease process involves dramatic dysfunction in acute and chronic vascular regulatory mechanisms; it presents initially with heightened vasoconstrictor or vasospastic activity and progresses to structural derangement or vasculopathy of the microcirculation. This article discusses the regulatory mechanisms that contribute to this dysfunction and the vascular changes in the context of the other aspects of the SSc disease process in a novel attempt to integrate the individual pathologies of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Flavahan
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
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Sandborg C. Expression of autoimmunity in the transition from childhood to adulthood: role of cytokines and gender. J Adolesc Health 2002; 30:76-80. [PMID: 11943578 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christy Sandborg
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5208, USA.
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Muller AF, Drexhage HA, Berghout A. Postpartum thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroiditis in women of childbearing age: recent insights and consequences for antenatal and postnatal care. Endocr Rev 2001; 22:605-30. [PMID: 11588143 DOI: 10.1210/edrv.22.5.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum thyroiditis is a syndrome of transient or permanent thyroid dysfunction occurring in the first year after delivery and based on an autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid. The prevalence ranges from 5-7%. We discuss the role of antibodies (especially thyroid peroxidase antibodies), complement, activated T cells, and apoptosis in the outbreak of postpartum thyroiditis. Postpartum thyroiditis is conceptualized as an acute phase of autoimmune thyroid destruction in the context of an existing and ongoing process of thyroid autosensitization. From pregnancy an enhanced state of immune tolerance ensues. A rebound reaction to this pregnancy-associated immune suppression after delivery explains the aggravation of autoimmune syndromes in the puerperal period, e.g., the occurrence of clinically overt postpartum thyroiditis. Low thyroid reserve due to autoimmune thyroiditis is increasingly recognized as a serious health problem. 1) Thyroid autoimmunity increases the probability of spontaneous fetal loss. 2) Thyroid failure due to autoimmune thyroiditis-often mild and subclinical-can lead to permanent and significant impairment in neuropsychological performance of the offspring. 3) Evidence is emerging that as women age subclinical hypothyroidism-as a sequel of postpartum thyroiditis-predisposes them to cardiovascular disease. Hence, postpartum thyroiditis is no longer considered a mild and transient disorder. Screening is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Muller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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