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Clear E, Grant RA, Carroll M, Brassey CA. A Review and Case Study of 3D Imaging Modalities for Female Amniote Reproductive Anatomy. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:icac027. [PMID: 35536568 PMCID: PMC10570564 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in non-invasive imaging methods have revitalised the field of comparative anatomy, and reproductive anatomy has been no exception. The reproductive systems of female amniotes present specific challenges, namely their often internal "hidden" anatomy. Quantifying female reproductive systems is crucial to recognising reproductive pathologies, monitoring menstrual cycles, and understanding copulatory mechanics. Here we conduct a review of the application of non-invasive imaging techniques to female amniote reproductive anatomy. We introduce the commonly used imaging modalities of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), highlighting their advantages and limitations when applied to female reproductive tissues, and make suggestions for future advances. We also include a case study of micro CT and MRI, along with their associated staining protocols, applied to cadavers of female adult stoats (Mustela erminea). In doing so, we will progress the discussion surrounding the imaging of female reproductive anatomy, whilst also impacting the fields of sexual selection research and comparative anatomy more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Clear
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Williamson Park Zoo, Quernmore Road, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 1UX, UK
| | - Robyn A Grant
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Michael Carroll
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Charlotte A Brassey
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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Zhang B, Yao Z, Gao W, Wang C, Kong H, Zhang J, Yang M. Dynamic R2' Imaging can Be a Biomarker for Diagnosing and Staging Early Acute Kidney Injury in Animals. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:775042. [PMID: 35004744 PMCID: PMC8739497 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.775042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is essential in clinical settings. None of the current biomarkers are widely applied. The combination of pulse-shifting multi-echo asymmetric spin-echo sequence (psMASE) and a modified hemodynamic response imaging (HRI) technique is promising. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of psMASE combined with HRI in detecting early ischemic AKI in animal models of different severities. Methods: Twenty rabbits were divided into four groups (mild, moderate, and severe AKI and control groups). Transarterial embolization with different doses of microspheres was performed to establish AKI animal models of different severities. The 3T psMASE and HRI scans of kidneys were conducted. The R2*, R2, and R2' during room air and gas stimulation were acquired and the difference of R2' (dR2') was evaluated in different AKI groups. Results: The values were not different in R2* and R2 during room air and in R2* and R2, and R2' during gas stimulation. The value of R2' was significantly different during room air (P = 0.014), but the difference was only found between control and moderate/severe AKI groups (P = 0.032 and 0.022). The values of dR2' were different among groups (P < 0.0001) and differences between every two groups except comparison of moderate and severe AKI groups were significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The dR2' imaging acquired by a combination of renal psMASE and HRI technique can serve as a potential quantitative biomarker for early detection and staging of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Yao
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weizheng Gao
- Academy for advanced interdisciplinary studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Academy for advanced interdisciplinary studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjing Kong
- Academy for advanced interdisciplinary studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent Imaging, UIH Group, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for advanced interdisciplinary studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Bisla JK, Saranathan M, Martin DR, Arif-Tiwari H, Kalb BT. MR Imaging Evaluation of the Kidneys in Patients with Reduced Kidney Function. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2019; 27:45-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang C, Zhao K, Zhang R, Jiang L, Wang R, Zhang X, Wang H, Jin L, Zhang J, Wang X, Fang J. Evaluation of renal oxygenation change under the influence of carbogen breathing using a dynamic R 2 , R 2 ' and R 2 * quantification approach. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1601-1607. [PMID: 27670144 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic renal R2 /R2 '/R2 * measurements based on a method, denoted psMASE-ME, in which a periodic 180° pulse-shifting multi-echo asymmetric spin echo (psMASE) sequence, combined with a moving estimation (ME) strategy, is adopted. Following approval by the institutional animal care and use committee, a block design of respiratory challenge with interleaved air and carbogen (97% O2 , 3% CO2 ) breathing was employed in nine rabbits. Parametrical R2 /R2 '/R2 * maps were computed and average R2 /R2 '/R2 * values were measured in regions of interest in the renal medulla and cortex. Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between the proposed method and reference standards of multi-echo spin echo and multi-echo gradient echo sequences. Renal R2 , R2 ' and R2 * decreased significantly from 16.2 ± 4.4 s-1 , 9.8 ± 5.2 s-1 and 25.9 ± 5.0 s-1 to 14.9 ± 4.4 s-1 (p < 0.05), 8.5 ± 4.1 s-1 (p < 0.05) and 23.4 ± 4.8 s-1 (p < 0.05) in the cortex when switching the gas mixture from room air to carbogen. In the renal medulla, R2 , R2 ' and R2 * also decreased significantly from 12.9 ± 4.7 s-1 , 15.1 ± 5.8 s-1 and 27.9 ± 5.3 s-1 to 11.8 ± 4.5 s-1 (p < 0.05), 14.2 ± 4.2 s-1 (p < 0.05) and 25.8 ± 5.1 s-1 (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in relative R2 , R2 ' and R2 * changes were observed between the cortex and medulla (p = 0.72 for R2 , p = 0.39 for R2 ' and p = 0.61 for R2 *). The psMASE-ME method for dynamic renal R2 /R2 '/R2 * measurements, together with the respiratory challenge, has potential use in the evaluation of renal oxygenation in many renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Philips Healthcare, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Wang
- Philips Healthcare, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixin Jin
- Philips Healthcare, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Xie L, Bennett KM, Liu C, Johnson GA, Zhang JL, Lee VS. MRI tools for assessment of microstructure and nephron function of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1109-F1124. [PMID: 27630064 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI can provide excellent detail of renal structure and function. Recently, novel MR contrast mechanisms and imaging tools have been developed to evaluate microscopic kidney structures including the tubules and glomeruli. Quantitative MRI can assess local tubular function and is able to determine the concentrating mechanism of the kidney noninvasively in real time. Measuring single nephron function is now a near possibility. In parallel to advancing imaging techniques for kidney microstructure is a need to carefully understand the relationship between the local source of MRI contrast and the underlying physiological change. The development of these imaging markers can impact the accurate diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. This study reviews the novel tools to examine kidney microstructure and local function and demonstrates the application of these methods in renal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Xie
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Kevin M Bennett
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and.,Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - G Allan Johnson
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Jeff Lei Zhang
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Vivian S Lee
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Vesicocolic Fistula Detected by 99mTc-MAG3 Renogram. Clin Nucl Med 2015; 40:73-5. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Nuclear medicine and the emergency department patient: an illustrative case-based approach. Radiol Med 2014; 120:158-70. [PMID: 25115293 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-014-0451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Radiologists are familiar with the use of radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound in the acute clinical setting. However, there are some specific clinical scenarios which may be found in nuclear medicine imaging problem-solving tools. These clinical scenarios and imaging techniques are less frequent, and the referring clinician from the emergency department may not consider these alternatives. It is important for the radiologist to be aware of these techniques to be able to guide the clinician to use those tools, which may result in optimal patient care. In this article, we will discuss those nuclear medicine studies which have application in the setting of an emergency radiology practice.
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Seif M, Lu H, Boesch C, Reyes M, Vermathen P. Image registration for triggered and non-triggered DTI of the human kidney: reduced variability of diffusion parameter estimation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:1228-35. [PMID: 24962556 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate if non-rigid image-registration reduces motion artifacts in triggered and non-triggered diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of native kidneys. A secondary aim was to determine, if improvements through registration allow for omitting respiratory-triggering. METHODS Twenty volunteers underwent coronal DTI of the kidneys with nine b-values (10-700 s/mm(2) ) at 3 Tesla. Image-registration was performed using a multimodal nonrigid registration algorithm. Data processing yielded the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the contribution of perfusion (FP ), and the fractional anisotropy (FA). For comparison of the data stability, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the fitting and the standard deviations within the regions of interest (SDROI ) were evaluated. RESULTS RMSEs decreased significantly after registration for triggered and also for non-triggered scans (P < 0.05). SDROI for ADC, FA, and FP were significantly lower after registration in both medulla and cortex of triggered scans (P < 0.01). Similarly the SDROI of FA and FP decreased significantly in non-triggered scans after registration (P < 0.05). RMSEs were significantly lower in triggered than in non-triggered scans, both with and without registration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Respiratory motion correction by registration of individual echo-planar images leads to clearly reduced signal variations in renal DTI for both triggered and particularly non-triggered scans. Secondarily, the results suggest that respiratory-triggering still seems advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seif
- Departments of Clinical Research and Radiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Chuck NC, Steidle G, Blume I, Fischer MA, Nanz D, Boss A. Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Kidneys: Influence of b-Value and Number of Encoding Directions on Image Quality and Diffusion Tensor Parameters. J Clin Imaging Sci 2013; 3:53. [PMID: 24404412 PMCID: PMC3883273 DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.122323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate to which degree investment of acquisition time in more encoding directions leads to better image quality (IQ) and what influence the number of encoding directions and the choice of b-values have on renal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eight healthy volunteers (32.3 y ± 5.1 y) consented to an examination in a 1.5T whole-body MR scanner. Coronal DTI data sets of the kidneys were acquired with systematic variation of b-values (50, 150, 300, 500, and 700 s/mm(2)) and number of diffusion-encoding directions (6, 15, and 32) using a respiratory-triggered echo-planar sequence (TR/TE 1500 ms/67 ms, matrix size 128 × 128). Additionally, two data sets with more than two b-values were acquired (0, 150, and 300 s/mm(2) and all six b-values). Parametrical maps were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Image quality was determined with a reader score. RESULTS Best IQ was visually assessed for images acquired with 15 and 32 encoding directions, whereas images acquired with six directions had significantly lower IQ ratings. Image quality, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity only varied insignificantly for b-values between 300 and 500 s/mm(2). In the renal medulla fractional anisotropy (FA) values between 0.43 and 0.46 and mean diffusivity (MD) values between 1.8-2.1 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s were observed. In the renal cortex, the corresponding ranges were 0.24-0.25 (FA) and 2.2-2.8 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s (MD). Including b-values below 300 s/mm(2), notably higher MD values were observed, while FA remained constant. Susceptibility artifacts were more prominent in FA maps than in MD maps. CONCLUSION In DTI of the kidneys at 1.5T, the best compromise between acquisition time and resulting image quality seems the application of 15 encoding directions with b-values between 300 and 500 s/mm(2). Including lower b-values allows for assessment of fast diffusing spin components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Chuck
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Günther Steidle
- Section of Experimental Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iris Blume
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Fischer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Nanz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
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Akita H, Jinzaki M, Akita A, Mikami S, Oya M, Kuribayashi S. Renal cell carcinoma in patients with acquired cystic disease of the kidney: Assessment using a combination of T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and chemical-shift MRI without the use of contrast material. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 39:924-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Akita
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Ayano Akita
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology; Keio University Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Sachio Kuribayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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Mannelli L, Bhargava P, Osman SF, Raz E, Moshiri M, Laffi G, Wilson GJ, Maki JH. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Liver: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2013; 42:77-83. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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