Progress in the Presence of Failure: Updates in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure Management

MicroRNA-183-3p up-regulated by vagus nerve stimulation mitigates chronic systolic heart failure via the reduction of BNIP3L-mediated autophagy

Chronic systolic heart failure (CSHF) was a complex syndrome. Recently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), a novel treatment method, has emerged for the treatment of CSHF. therefore the aim of this study was to explore the possible mechanism of VNS treatment alleviating CSHF in rats. Firstly, we found after VNS treatment for 72 h, the level of B-type natriuretic peptide in VNS group was lower than that in CSHF group. In addition, VNS treatment induced the elevated left ventricular ejection fraction level, reduced left ventricular end diastolic volume and left ventricular end systolic volume level in VNS group, suggesting a mitigation of CSHF by VNS. Then we found the level of miR-183-3p in CSHF group was much lower than that in VNS group by High-throughput sequencing. The further results indicated that Bcl-2 interacting protein 3 like (BNIP3L) was identified as the target gene of miR-183-3p, and the expression of BNIP3L was notably reduced in rats of VNS group compared with CSHF group. Moreover, the down-regulated expression of miR-183-3p increased BNIP3L-mediated autophagy in rats of CSHF group compared with VNS group. Further mechanism findings demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-183-3p reduced the expression of BNIP3L, while down-regulation of miR-183-3p facilitated the expression of BNIP3L in H9c2 cells. miR-183-3p could also regulate autophagy by targeting BNIP3L in vitro, which was manifested by overexpression of miR-183-3p to inhibit BNIP3L-mediated autophagy. Our data demonstrated that VNS treatment benefited CSHF via the up-regulation of miRNA-183-3p, which reduced the BNIP3L-mediated autophagy, providing a new therapeutic direction for CSHF.