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Alaoui Mansouri M, Kharbach M, Bouklouze A. Current Applications of Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) in Pharmaceutical Analysis: Review. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:856-865. [PMID: 38072117 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The present review encompasses various applications of multivariate curve resolution- alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) as a promising data handling, which is issued by analytical techniques in pharmaceutics. It involves different sections starting from a concise theory of MCR-ALS and four detailed applications in drugs analysis. Dissolution, stability, polymorphism, and quantification are the main four detailed applications. The data generated by analytical techniques associated with MCR-ALS deals accurately with different challenges compared to other chemometric tools. For each reviewed purpose, it was explained how MCR-ALS was applied and detailed information was given. Different approaches were introduced to overcome challenges that limit the use of MCR-ALS efficiently in pharmaceutical mixture were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alaoui Mansouri
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, Vibra-Santé HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, CHU, B36, B-4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Mourad Kharbach
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Abdelaziz Bouklouze
- Bio-Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
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Multivariate Curve Resolution Applied to Near Infrared Spectroscopic Data Acquired Throughout the Cooking Process to Monitor Evolving Béchamel Sauces. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Detection of bacterial spoilage during wine alcoholic fermentation using ATR-MIR and MCR-ALS. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Flexible Implementation of the Trilinearity Constraint in Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) of Chromatographic and Other Type of Data. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072338. [PMID: 35408738 PMCID: PMC9000239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) can analyze three-way data under the assumption of a trilinear model using the trilinearity constraint. However, the rigid application of this constraint can produce unrealistic solutions in practice due to the inadequacy of the analyzed data to the characteristics and requirements of the trilinear model. Different methods for the relaxation of the trilinear model data requirements have been proposed, like in the PARAFAC2 and in the direct non-trilinear decomposition (DNTD) methods. In this work, the trilinearity constraint of MCR-ALS is adapted to different data scenarios where the profiles of all or some of the components of the system are shifted (not equally synchronized) or even change their shape among different slices in one of their data modes. This adaptation is especially useful in gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC) and in Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) with multivariate spectroscopic detection. In a first data example, a synthetic LC-DAD dataset is built to investigate the possibilities of the proposed method to handle systematic changes (shifts) in the retention times of the elution profiles and the results are compared with those obtained using alternative methods like ATLD, PARAFAC, PARAFAC2 and DNTD. In a second data example, multiple wine samples were simultaneously analyzed by GC-MS where elution profiles presented large deviations (shifts) in their peak retention times, although they still preserve the same peak shape. Different modelling scenarios are tested and the results are also compared. Finally, in the third example, sample mixtures of acid compounds were analyzed by FIA under a pH gradient and monitored by UV spectroscopy and also examined by different chemometric methods using a different number of components. In this case, however, the departure of the trilinear model comes from the acid base speciation of the system depending on the pH more than from the shifting of the FIA diffusion profiles.
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Hosseini E, Ghasemi JB, Daraei B, Asadi G, Adib N. Near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning-based classification and calibration methods in detection and measurement of anionic surfactant in milk. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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França L, Grassi S, Pimentel MF, Amigo JM. A single model to monitor multistep craft beer manufacturing using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Strani L, Grassi S, Alamprese C, Casiraghi E, Ghiglietti R, Locci F, Pricca N, De Juan A. Effect of physicochemical factors and use of milk powder on milk rennet-coagulation: Process understanding by near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Real-Time Monitoring of Yogurt Fermentation Process by Aquaphotomics Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010177. [PMID: 33383861 PMCID: PMC7795981 DOI: 10.3390/s21010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Automated quality control could have a substantial economic impact on the dairy industry. At present, monitoring of yogurt production is performed by sampling for microbiological and physicochemical measurements. In this study, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is proposed for non-invasive automated control of yogurt production and better understanding of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. UHT (ultra-high temperature) sterilized milk was inoculated with Bulgarian yogurt and placed into a quartz cuvette (1 mm pathlength) and test-tubes. Yogurt absorbance spectra (830-2500 nm) were acquired every 15 min, and pH, in the respective test-tubes, was measured every 30 min, during 8 h of fermentation. Spectral data showed substantial baseline and slope changes with acidification. These variations corresponded to respective features of the microbiological growth curve showing water structural changes, protein denaturation, and coagulation of milk. Moving Window Principal Component Analysis (MWPCA) was applied in the spectral range of 954-1880 nm to detect absorbance bands where most variations in the loading curves were caused by LAB fermentation. Characteristic wavelength regions related to the observed physical and multiple chemical changes were identified. The results proved that NIRS is a valuable tool for real-time monitoring and better understanding of the yogurt fermentation process.
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Chemometric Strategies for Spectroscopy-Based Food Authentication. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, spectroscopic techniques have played an increasingly crucial role in analytical chemistry, due to the numerous advantages they offer. Several of these techniques (e.g., Near-InfraRed—NIR—or Fourier Transform InfraRed—FT-IR—spectroscopy) are considered particularly valuable because, by means of suitable equipment, they enable a fast and non-destructive sample characterization. This aspect, together with the possibility of easily developing devices for on- and in-line applications, has recently favored the diffusion of such approaches especially in the context of foodstuff quality control. Nevertheless, the complex nature of the signal yielded by spectroscopy instrumentation (regardless of the spectral range investigated) inevitably calls for the use of multivariate chemometric strategies for its accurate assessment and interpretation. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of some of the chemometric tools most commonly exploited for spectroscopy-based foodstuff analysis and authentication. More in detail, three different scenarios will be surveyed here: data exploration, calibration and classification. The main methodologies suited to addressing each one of these different tasks will be outlined and examples illustrating their use will be provided alongside their description.
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Review of near-infrared spectroscopy as a process analytical technology for real-time product monitoring in dairy processing. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Grassi S, Strani L, Casiraghi E, Alamprese C. Control and Monitoring of Milk Renneting Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy as a Process Analytical Technology Tool. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090405. [PMID: 31547293 PMCID: PMC6770950 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Failures in milk coagulation during cheese manufacturing can lead to decreased yield, anomalous behaviour of cheese during storage, significant impact on cheese quality and process wastes. This study proposes a Process Analytical Technology approach based on FT-NIR spectroscopy for milk renneting control during cheese manufacturing. Multivariate Curve Resolution optimized by Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) was used for data analysis and development of Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) charts. Fifteen renneting batches were set up varying temperature (30, 35, 40 °C), milk pH (6.3, 6.5, 6.7), and fat content (0.1, 2.55, 5 g/100 mL). Three failure batches were also considered. The MCR-ALS models well described the coagulation processes (explained variance ≥99.93%; lack of fit <0.63%; standard deviation of the residuals <0.0067). The three identified MCR-ALS profiles described the main renneting phases. Different shapes and timing of concentration profiles were related to changes in temperature, milk pH, and fat content. The innovative implementation of MSPC charts based on T2 and Q statistics allowed the detection of coagulation failures from the initial phases of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Grassi
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Strani
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ernestina Casiraghi
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Alamprese
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Strani L, Grassi S, Casiraghi E, Alamprese C, Marini F. Milk Renneting: Study of Process Factor Influences by FT-NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Advances in NIR spectroscopy applied to process analytical technology in food industries. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vier D, Wambach S, Schünemann V, Gollmer KU. Multivariate Curve Resolution and Carbon Balance Constraint to Unravel FTIR Spectra from Fed-Batch Fermentation Samples. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4010009. [PMID: 28952488 PMCID: PMC5590442 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work investigates the capability of a tailored multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm to analyse glucose, phosphate, ammonium and acetate dynamics simultaneously in an E. coli BL21 fed-batch fermentation. The high-cell-density (HCDC) process is monitored by ex situ online attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and several in situ online process sensors. This approach efficiently utilises automatically generated process data to reduce the time and cost consuming reference measurement effort for multivariate calibration. To determine metabolite concentrations with accuracies between ±0.19 and ±0.96·gL-l, the presented utilisation needs primarily-besides online sensor measurements-single FTIR measurements for each of the components of interest. The ambiguities in alternating least squares solutions for concentration estimation are reduced by the insertion of analytical process knowledge primarily in the form of elementary carbon mass balances. Thus, in this way, the established idea of mass balance constraints in MCR combines with the consistency check of measured data by carbon balances, as commonly applied in bioprocess engineering. The constraints are calculated based on online process data and theoretical assumptions. This increased calculation effort is able to replace, to a large extent, the need for manually conducted quantitative chemical analysis, leads to good estimations of concentration profiles and a better process understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Vier
- AG Biophysik und Medizinische Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wambach
- Fachbereich Bioverfahrenstechnik, Hochschule Trier, Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld, Birkenfeld 55761, Germany.
| | - Volker Schünemann
- AG Biophysik und Medizinische Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Uwe Gollmer
- Fachbereich Angewandte Informatik, Hochschule Trier, Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld, Birkenfeld 55761, Germany.
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Costa K, Garcia M, Ribeiro KDO, Soares Junior M, Caliari M. Rheological properties of fermented rice extract with probiotic bacteria and different concentrations of waxy maize starch. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Evaluation of conversion during the synthesis of aluminum (III) methacrylate-based copolymers using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Santos MI, Gerbino E, Tymczyszyn E, Gomez-Zavaglia A. Applications of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies to Probiotic Investigation. Foods 2015; 4:283-305. [PMID: 28231205 PMCID: PMC5224548 DOI: 10.3390/foods4030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we overview the most important contributions of vibrational spectroscopy based techniques in the study of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria. First, we briefly introduce the fundamentals of these techniques, together with the main multivariate analytical tools used for spectral interpretation. Then, four main groups of applications are reported: (a) bacterial taxonomy (Subsection 4.1); (b) bacterial preservation (Subsection 4.2); (c) monitoring processes involving lactic acid bacteria and probiotics (Subsection 4.3); (d) imaging-based applications (Subsection 4.4). A final conclusion, underlying the potentialities of these techniques, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio I Santos
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Esteban Gerbino
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Elizabeth Tymczyszyn
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, 1876 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Feng CH, Drummond L, Sun DW. Modelling the growth parameters of lactic acid bacteria and total viable count in vacuum-packaged Irish cooked sausages cooled by different methods. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hui Feng
- FRCFT; School of Biosystems Engineering; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; University College Dublin; National University of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Liana Drummond
- FRCFT; School of Biosystems Engineering; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; University College Dublin; National University of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- FRCFT; School of Biosystems Engineering; Agriculture and Food Science Centre; University College Dublin; National University of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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