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Zhang X, Zhao L, Gao J, Wang W, Wang H. Optical tracking of the heterogeneous solvent diffusion dynamics and swelling kinetics of single polymer microspheres. Analyst 2024; 149:2826-2832. [PMID: 38591153 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The diffusion dynamics of small molecules into polymer entities is crucial for driving their morphology and function, which can be applied to research fields such as optical identification, medical implantation and intelligent sensing platforms. Herein, we demonstrate a nondestructive bright-field imaging strategy to monitor and control the morphology of polymer microspheres by varying the interfacial interaction and diffusion in a penetrant bath. The nanoscale interface movement of single polymer microspheres was tracked and converted into the diameter variation during the swelling event with sub-pixel accuracy, which is consistent with the calculation using Li-Tanaka's kinetic equations. More interestingly, the solvent diffusion dynamics along different directions of one particle are heterogeneous, indicating the non-uniform internal structure of a soft confined assembly. The swelling characteristics of single polymer microspheres can be quantified by this simple imaging strategy, and the transient intermediate swelling states are captured. To model the lifetime and stabilization times of microplastic entities, solvent selectivity and thermodynamic regulation were introduced to obtain the activation energy down to the single micro-entity level. This optical methodology shows capability for decoding the complex diffusion mechanism in polymer entities and provides guidance for the design of drug delivery systems, sensor platforms, and optical responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Xue J, Yao Y, Wang M, Wang Z, Xue Y, Li B, Ma Y, Shen Y, Wu H. Recent studies on proteins and polysaccharides-based pH-responsive fluorescent materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129534. [PMID: 38237824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-based pH-responsive fluorescent materials have the characteristics of fast response, real-time monitoring, visualisation, and easy forming. Consequently, they have attracted widespread attention in wound healing, sweat monitoring, security and anti-counterfeiting, freshness detection of aquatic products, metal-ion sensing and bioimaging. This paper analyses the preparation principles and characteristics of pH-responsive fluorescent materials based on cellulose, chitosan and proteins. It then outlines the fluorescence properties, environmental response mechanisms and applications of various luminescent materials. Next, the research indicates that amines, N-heterocyclic rings, carboxyl groups and amino plasmonic groups on the fluorescent molecule structure and polymer skeleton appear to change the degree of ionisation under acid or alkali stimulation, which affects the light absorption ability of chromophore electrons, thus producing fluorescence changes in fluorescent materials under different pH stimuli. On this basis, the challenges and growth encountered in the development of proteins and polysaccharides-based pH-responsive fluorescent materials were prospected to provide theoretical references and technical support for constructing pH-responsive fluorescent materials with high stability, high sensitivity, long-lasting pH-response and wide detection range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Xue
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yijun Yao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Xue
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqin Shen
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailiang Wu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China.
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Dong X, Zhuo H, Wang K, Wu P, Chen XD. Real-time spatial quantification of gastric acid diffusion in whey protein gels with different NaCl concentrations by wide-field fluorescence microscopy. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112828. [PMID: 37254404 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastric acid diffusion and penetration constitute an essential process in the structural breakdown and enzymatic hydrolysis of solid food during digestion. This study aimed to quantify the real-time diffusion and spatial distribution of gastric acids in whey protein isolate (WPI) gels in the presence of 0-0.05 M NaCl during simulated digestion using a wide-field fluorescence microscope. For all the gels regardless of NaCl concentration, the outer surface rapidly developed a near-saturated layer, resulting in a higher normalized gastric acid concentration in the outer layer than in the inner layer. The pH decrease was more significant for the gels at a higher NaCl concentration (i.e., 0.05 M) due to the formation of a more discontinuous and looser network structure that would facilitate acid diffusion into the gel matrix and decrease the gel buffering capacity. Consistently, the effective diffusion coefficient (DA) estimated via the Fick diffusion model was 6.19 × 10-10 m2/s for 0.05 M WPI-RITC gels, significantly higher than 0.015 M (4.46 × 10-10 m2/s) and 0 M (3.54 × 10-10 m2/s) gels. The present study has provided a quantitative understanding of the diffusion process and spatial distribution of gastric acids within the WPI gel matrix in real-time during in vitro gastric digestion as influenced by NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial Park Campus, Jiangsu Province 215123, China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Xiamen University, 422, Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China
| | - Haoyu Zhuo
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial Park Campus, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial Park Campus, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial Park Campus, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Life Quality Engineering Interest Group, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou Industrial Park Campus, Jiangsu Province 215123, China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Xiamen University, 422, Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China.
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Liu W, Feng Y, Pan F, Jeantet R, André C, Chen XD, Delaplace G. Effect of calcium on the thermal denaturation of whey proteins and subsequent fouling in a benchtop fouling device: An experimental and numerical approach. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sun R, Liu W, Kirk TV, Chen XD. A Dual-labeled Fluorescent Probe for Visualization of Dextranase Activity in A Simulated Food Digestion System. Food Chem 2022; 405:134744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gottschalk N, Augustin W, Scholl S, Ian Wilson D, Mercadé-Prieto R. Model food soils for investigating cleaning: a review. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bashash M, Varidi M, Varshosaz J. Composite Hydrogel-Embedded Sucrose Stearate Niosomes: Unique Curcumin Delivery System. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Elucidating the cleaning of complex food soil layers by in-situ measurements. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Binti Mohd Zaini H, Mantihal S, Ng FWY, Pindi W. The incorporation of green peas as the source of dietary fiber in developing functional chicken nuggets. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Binti Mohd Zaini
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Sylvester Mantihal
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Fiona Wen Yah Ng
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Wolyna Pindi
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
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Feng Y, Liu W, Mercadé-Prieto R, Chen XD. Dye-protein interactions between Rhodamine B and whey proteins that affect the photoproperties of the dye. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu J, Helbig M, Majschak JP, Böl M. Whey protein gel — mechanical cleaning capability through modelling and experimental testing including compression and wire cutting investigation. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fluorescent Submicron-Sized Poly(heptafluoro- n-butyl methacrylate) Particles with Long-Term Stability. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092013. [PMID: 32344920 PMCID: PMC7249074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent submicron particles of fluorinated methacrylate (HFMBA) with long-term stability have been synthesized and characterized with regard to their potential applications. Rhodamine B (RBITC) isothiocyanate was used as the fluorescent component. The core–shell structure of the particles effectively protected the dye against bleaching. HFBMA nanoparticle (NP) stability was confirmed after seven years of storage. Only slight differences were found in the polydispersity index (pdi) from 0.002 to 0.010. Particle size measurements were carried out using dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking (NTA), and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The hydrodynamic diameter evaluated by different methods were in good agreement, respectively: 184–550 nm, 218–579 nm, and 236–508 nm. Particle and core morphology was estimated by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The ability to recognize particles in 3D as a reference sample in biological media has been confirmed by epifluorescence optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and super-resolution confocal microscopy (STED).
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Hagsten C, Altskär A, Gustafsson S, Lorén N, Trägårdh C, Innings F, Hamberg L, Paulsson M, Nylander T. Structural and compositional changes during UHT fouling removal—Possible mechanisms of the cleaning process. FOOD STRUCTURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2019.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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The role of non-covalent interactions in the alkaline dissolution of heat-set whey protein hydrogels made at gelation pH 2–11. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fan L, Chen XD, Mercadé-Prieto R. On the nature of the optimum cleaning concentration for dairy fouling: High NaOH concentrations inhibit the cleavage of non-covalent interactions in whey protein aggregates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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