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Murtaza B, Wang L, Li X, Saleemi MK, Nawaz MY, Li M, Xu Y. Cold plasma: A success road to mycotoxins mitigation and food value edition. Food Chem 2024; 445:138378. [PMID: 38383214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are common in many agricultural products and may harm both animals and humans. Dietary mycotoxins are reduced via physical, chemical, and thermal decontamination methods. Chemical residues are left behind after physical and chemical treatments that decrease food quality. Since mycotoxins are heat-resistant, heat treatments do not completely eradicate them. Cold plasma therapy increases food safety and shelf life. Cold plasma-generated chemical species may kill bacteria quickly at room temperature while leaving no chemical residues. This research explains how cold plasma combats mold and mycotoxins to guarantee food safety and quality. Fungal cells are damaged and killed by cold plasma species. Mycotoxins are also chemically broken down by the species, making the breakdown products safer. According to a preliminary cold plasma study, plasma may enhance food shelf life and quality. The antifungal and antimycotoxin properties of cold plasma benefit fresh produce, agricultural commodities, nuts, peppers, herbs, dried meat, and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China
| | | | | | - Mengyao Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116600, China.
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Liu M, Feng J, Fan Y, Yang X, Chen R, Xu C, Xu H, Cui D, Wang R, Jiao Z, Ma R. Application of atmospheric cold plasma for zearalenone detoxification in cereals: Kinetics, mechanisms, and cytotoxicity analysis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00166-8. [PMID: 38677544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most widely contaminated mycotoxins in world, posing a severe threat to human and animal health. Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) holds great penitential in mycotoxin degradation. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the degradation efficiency and mechanisms of ACP on ZEN as well as the cytotoxicity of ZEN degradation products by ACP. Additionally, this study also investigated the degradation efficiency of ACP on ZEN in cereals and its effect on cereal quality. METHODS The degradation efficiency and products of ZEN by ACP was analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The human normal liver cells and mice were employed to assess the cytotoxicity of ZEN degradation products. The ZEN artificially contaminated cereals were used to evaluate the feasibility of ACP detoxification in cereals. RESULTS The results showed that the degradation rate of ZEN was 96.18 % after 30-W ACP treatment for 180 s. The degradation rate was dependent on the discharge power, and treatment time and distance. Four major ZEN degradation products were produced after ACP treatment due to the oxidative destruction of CC double bond, namely C18H22O7 (m/z = 351.19), C18H22O8 (m/z = 367.14), C18H22O6 (m/z = 335.14), and C17H20O6 (m/z = 321.19). L02 cell viability was increased from 52.4 % to 99.76 % with ACP treatment time ranging from 0 to 180 s. Mice results showed significant recovery of body weight and depth of colonic crypts as well as mitigation of glomerular and liver damage. Additionally, ACP removed up to 50.55 % and 58.07 % of ZEN from wheat and corn. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ACP could efficiently degrade ZEN in cereals and its cytotoxicity was significantly reduced. Therefore, ACP is a promising effective method for ZEN detoxification in cereals to ensure human and animal health. Future study needs to develop large-scale ACP device with high degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agricultural Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Yongqin Fan
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agricultural Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agricultural Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruike Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cui Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agricultural Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hangbo Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agricultural Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agricultural Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agricultural Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agricultural Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Liu M, Feng J, Yang X, Yu B, Zhuang J, Xu H, Xiang Q, Ma R, Jiao Z. Recent advances in the degradation efficacy and mechanisms of mycotoxins in food by atmospheric cold plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115944. [PMID: 38184978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Food contaminated by mycotoxins has become a worldwide public problem with political and economic implications. Although a variety of traditional methods have been used to eliminate mycotoxins from agri-foods, the results have been somewhat less than satisfactory. As an emerging non-thermal processing technology, atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) has great potential for food decontamination. Herein, this review mainly presents the degradation efficiency of ACP on mycotoxins in vitro and agri-foods as well as its possible degradation mechanisms. Meanwhile, ACP effects on food quality, factors affecting the degradation efficiency and the toxicity of degradation products are also discussed. According to the literatures, ACP could efficiently degrade many mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, and T-2 toxin) both in vitro and various foods (e.g., hazelnut, peanut, maize, rice, wheat, barley, oat flour, and date palm fruit) with little effects on the nutritional and sensory properties of food. The degradation efficacy was dependent on many factors including ACP treatment parameter, working gas, mycotoxin property, and food substrate. The mycotoxin degradation by ACP was mainly attributed to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in ACP, which can damage the chemical bonds of mycotoxins, consequently reducing the toxicity of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Hangbo Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Murtaza B, Wang L, Li X, Nawaz MY, Saleemi MK, Khatoon A, Yongping X. Recalling the reported toxicity assessment of deoxynivalenol, mitigating strategies and its toxicity mechanisms: Comprehensive review. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110799. [PMID: 37967807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins frequently contaminate a variety of food items, posing significant concerns for both food safety and public health. The adverse consequences linked to poisoning from these substances encompass symptoms such as vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, the potential for cancer development, impairments to the immune system, disruptions in neuroendocrine function, genetic damage, and, in severe cases, fatality. The deoxynivalenol (DON) raises significant concerns for both food safety and human health, particularly due to its potential harm to vital organs in the body. It is one of the most prevalent fungal contaminants found in edible items used by humans and animals globally. The presence of harmful mycotoxins, including DON, in food has caused widespread worry. Altered versions of DON have arisen as possible risks to the environment and well-being, as they exhibit a greater propensity to revert back to the original mycotoxins. This can result in the buildup of mycotoxins in both animals and humans, underscoring the pressing requirement for additional investigation into the adverse consequences of these modified mycotoxins. Furthermore, due to the lack of sufficient safety data, accurately evaluating the risk posed by modified mycotoxins remains challenging. Our review study delves into conjugated forms of DON, exploring its structure, toxicity, control strategies, and a novel animal model for assessing its toxicity. Various toxicities, such as acute, sub-acute, chronic, and cellular, are proposed as potential mechanisms contributing to the toxicity of conjugated forms of DON. Additionally, the study offers an overview of DON's toxicity mechanisms and discusses its widespread presence worldwide. A thorough exploration of the health risk evaluation associated with conjugated form of DON is also provided in this discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Murtaza
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China
| | | | | | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xu Yongping
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; Center for Food Safety of Animal Origin, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116600, China.
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Wang J, Zhou X, Ju S, Cai R, Roopesh MS, Pan D, Du L. Influence of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on the structural, functional and digestive properties of chickpea protein isolate. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113565. [PMID: 37986520 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea protein (CPI) is a promising dietary protein and potential substitute for soy protein in food product development due to its high protein content and low allergenicity. However, CPI possesses denser tertiary and quaternary structures and contains certain amount of anti-nutritional factors, both of which constrain its functional properties and digestibility. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) as a non-thermal method for enhancing the functional characteristics and digestibility of CPI. In this study, the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated by the APPJ treatment led to protein oxidation and increased carbonyl and di-tyrosine contents. At the same time, the secondary, tertiary and microstructural structures of CPI were changed. The solubility, water holding capacity, fat absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity and foaming capacity of CPI were significantly improved after 30 s APPJ treatment, and a higher storage modulus in rheology was observed. Additionally, it was observed that the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of APPJ-treated CPI increased significantly from 44.85 ± 0.6 % to 50.2 ± 0.59 % following in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion, marking a noteworthy improvement of 11.93 %. These findings indicate that APPJ processing can enhance the functional and digestive properties of CPI through structural modification and expand its potential applications within the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Shilong Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Ruiyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - M S Roopesh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Lihui Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
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Zhang M, Ye Z, Xing C, Chen H, Zhang J, Yan W. Degradation of deoxynivalenol in wheat by double dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma: identification and pathway of degradation products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2347-2356. [PMID: 36534079 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxynivalenol (DON) produced during the onset of fusarium head blight not only affects the quality and safety of wheat but also causes serious harm to human and livestock health. However, due to the high stability of DON, it is difficult to eliminate it or reduce it naturally after it has been produced. Cold plasma technology is a non-thermophysical processing technology that has been widely used for microbial inactivation and mycotoxin degradation. In this study, the degradation efficiency of double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) cold plasma on DON in aqueous solution and wheat was studied; the structures of degradation products of DON and its pathway were clarified, and the effect of DDBD plasma on wheat quality was evaluated. RESULTS Double dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma was used for efficient degradation of DON (0.5 ~ 5 μgmL^-1) solution and achieved a degradation rate of 98.94% within 25 min under the optimal conditions (voltage 100 V, frequency 200 Hz, duty cycle 80%). Furthermore, 10 degradation products (C15 H24 O5 , C15 H22 O6 , C15 H22 O9 , C16 H22 O7 , C15 H20 O7 , C15 H20 O9 , C15 H18 O8 , C15 H22 O5 , C16 H24 O5 , and C15 H18 O9 ) were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS) combined with Metabolitepilot and Peakview software. The degradation pathway of DON was obtained based on the chemical structures and accurate mass of these products. The DON degradation rate of 61% in wheat was achieved after treatment for 15 min, which slightly affects the moisture content, proteins, and wheat starch. CONCLUSION Applying DDBD to wheat could effectively reduce the level of DON contamination, which provides a theoretical basis for applying cold plasma to the degradation of DON in wheat. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhumiao Ye
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changrui Xing
- China College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - HongJuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- National Center of Meat Quality & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Degradation of Zearalenone by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Plasma and Its Effect on Maize Quality. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061129. [PMID: 36981056 PMCID: PMC10048766 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma was used to degrade zearalenone, and the degradation efficiency and the quality of maize were evaluated. The results showed that the zearalenone degradation rates increased with the increase in voltage and time. When it was treated at 50 KV for 120 s, the degradation percentage of the zearalenone in maize could reach 56.57%. The kinetics’ analysis showed that the degradation followed a first-order reaction. The crude fiber of the maize reduced after the cold plasma treatment. In addition, cold plasma treatment did not significantly change the crude protein content, but slightly changed the fatty acid and color. The changes in maize quality are generally acceptable. DBD cold plasma may be a promising approach to reducing zearalenone in maize.
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Feizollahi E, Jeganathan B, Reiz B, Vasanthan T, Roopesh M. Reduction of deoxynivalenol during barley steeping in malting using plasma activated water and the determination of major degradation products. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Feizollahi E, Basu U, Fredua-Agyeman R, Jeganathan B, Tonoyan L, Strelkov SE, Vasanthan T, Siraki AG, Roopesh MS. Effect of Plasma-Activated Water Bubbles on Fusarium graminearum, Deoxynivalenol, and Germination of Naturally Infected Barley during Steeping. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020124. [PMID: 36828438 PMCID: PMC9967671 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of barley by deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum, causes considerable financial loss to the grain and malting industries. In this study, two atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) reactors were used to produce plasma-activated water (PAW) bubbles. The potential of PAW bubbles for the steeping of naturally infected barley (NIB) during the malting process was investigated. The PAW bubbles produced by treating water for 30 min using a bubble spark discharge (BSD) at low temperature resulted in the greatest concentration of oxygen-nitrogen reactive species (RONS). This treatment resulted in 57.3% DON degradation compared with 36.9% in the control sample; however, the same treatment reduced germination significantly (p < 0.05). Direct BSD ACP treatment for 20 min at low temperature and indirect treatment for 30 min increased the percentage of germinated rootlets of the seedlings compared with the control. Considering both the DON reduction and germination improvement of barley seeds, continuous jet ACP treatment for 30 min performed better than the other treatments used in this study. At higher temperature of PAW bubbles, the concentration of RONS was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis and fungal culture tests, the PAW bubble treatment did not significantly reduce infection of NIB. Nonetheless, this study provides useful information for the malting industry for PAW treatment optimization and its use in barley steeping for DON reduction and germination improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Feizollahi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Urmila Basu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Brasathe Jeganathan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Lusine Tonoyan
- Applied Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Thava Vasanthan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Arno G. Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - M. S. Roopesh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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The Application of Cold Plasma Technology in Low-Moisture Foods. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-022-09329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone Contents in Corn Using Power Ultrasound and Its Effects on Corn Quality. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120834. [PMID: 36548731 PMCID: PMC9787775 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) is investigated using power ultrasound to identify suitable methods to reduce the mycotoxin content of corn. AFB1 and ZEA in corn are simultaneously degraded via power ultrasound; thus, this method has a significant effect on corn quality. The power intensity, solid-liquid ratio, and ultrasonic treatment modes significantly affect the degradation rates of AFB1 and ZEA. The dissolution of AFB1 and ZEA in water also facilitates their degradation. At the initial stage of ultrasonic treatment, power ultrasound promotes the dissolution of mycotoxins in water, whereupon they are partially oxidized by free radicals. With a treatment time of 10 min, the reduction rates decreased owing to the dissolution of combined-state mycotoxins. After ultrasonic treatment, the contents of the essential amino acids, the total number of amino acids, and the fatty acids in corn decreased; however, ΔH values decreased during starch gelatinization. In contrast, the amylose content and viscosity of corn significantly increased during gelatinization. Therefore, this method is potentially suitable for the reduction of AFB1 and ZEA contents in corn.
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Impact of Cold Plasma on Extraction of Polyphenol From De-Oiled Rice and Corn Bran: Improvement in Extraction Efficiency, In Vitro Digestibility, Antioxidant Activity, Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Responses. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abedi E, Mousavifard M, Hashemi SMB. Ultrasound-Assisted Detoxification of Ochratoxin A: Comparative Study of Cell Wall Structure, Hydrophobicity, and Toxin Binding Capacity of Single and Co-culture Lactic Acid Bacteria. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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