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Muir SM, Reisbig N, Baria M, Kaeding C, Bertone AL. The Concentration of Plasma Provides Additional Bioactive Proteins in Platelet and Autologous Protein Solutions. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:1955-1963. [PMID: 31125271 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519849671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, platelet-poor plasma (PPP) is a discarded waste product of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and may contain valuable proteins. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The study's goal was to evaluate the concentration of plasma as a potential additive biotherapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis. We hypothesized that a novel polyacrylamide concentration device would efficiently concentrate insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from PPP and be additive to PRP or autologous protein solution (APS). STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS A laboratory study was conducted with human and equine whole blood from healthy volunteers/donors. Fresh samples of blood and plasma were processed and characterized for platelet, white blood cell, and growth factor/cytokine content and then quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for IGF-1, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as representatives of cartilage anabolic and inflammatory mediators. RESULTS A potent cartilage anabolic protein, IGF-1, was significantly concentrated by the polyacrylamide concentration device in both human and equine PPP. The polyacrylamide device also substantially increased plasma proteins over whole blood, most dramatically key proteins relevant to the treatment of osteoarthritis, including transforming growth factor-β (29-fold over blood) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (70-fold over plasma). CONCLUSION Concentrated PPP is a unique source for biologically relevant concentrations of IGF-1. PRP and APS can produce greater concentrations of other anabolic and anti-inflammatory proteins not found in plasma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The polyacrylamide device efficiently concentrated PPP to create a unique source of IGF-1 that may supplement orthopaedic biologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Muir
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Reisbig NA, Pinnell E, Scheuerman L, Hussein H, Bertone AL. Synovium extra cellular matrices seeded with transduced mesenchymal stem cells stimulate chondrocyte maturation in vitro and cartilage healing in clinically-induced rat-knee lesions in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212664. [PMID: 30861010 PMCID: PMC6414009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease associated with cartilage injury and its inherently limited repair capability. Synovium-based cellular constructs (sConstructs) are proposed as possible treatments. Equine sConstructs were produced from decellularized synovium-based extracellular matrix scaffolds (sECM) seeded with synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (sMSC), and engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP), or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Survival, distribution, and chondrogenic potential of the sConstructs in vitro and in vivo were assessed. sConstructs in co-culture with chondrocytes increased chondrocyte proliferation, viability, and Col II production, greatest in BMP-2-sConstructs. Chondrocyte presence increased the production of hyaluronic acid (HA), proteoglycan (PG), and BMP-2 by the sConstructs in a positive feedback loop. sECM alone, or GFP- or BMP-2-sConstructs were implanted in synovium adjacent to clinically created full-thickness rat-knee cartilage lesions. At 5 weeks, the lesion area and implants were resected. Gross anatomy, adjacent articulate cartilage growth and subchondral bone repair were scored; and peripheral, central and cartilage lesion measurements taken. For all scores and measurements, sConstruct implants were significantly greater than controls, greatest with the BMP-2-sConstructs. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated migration of endogenous cells into the sECM, with greater cellularity in the constructs with intense positive GFP staining confirming engraftment of implanted sMSC and continued gene expression. In summary, exposing cartilage to sConstructs was chondrogenic in vitro and in vivo, and resulted in substantially increased growth in vivo. This effect was mediated, in part, by soluble ECM and cell factors and upregulation of anabolic growth proteins, such as BMP-2. This work is "proof of concept" that sConstructs surgically implanted adjacent to cartilage damage can significantly improve cartilage and subchondral bone repair, and potentially prevent the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A. Reisbig
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Erin Pinnell
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Logan Scheuerman
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hayam Hussein
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alicia L. Bertone
- Comparative Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Reisbig NA, Hussein HA, Pinnell E, Bertone AL. Evaluation of equine synovial-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds seeded with equine synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:124-133. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sridharan B, Laflin AD, Holtz MA, Pacicca DM, Wischmeier NK, Detamore MS. In vivo evaluation of stem cell aggregates on osteochondral regeneration. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1606-1616. [PMID: 27770610 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To date, many osteochondral regenerative approaches have utilized varied combinations of biocompatible materials and cells to engineer cartilage. Even in cell-based approaches, to date, no study has utilized stem cell aggregates alone for regenerating articular cartilage. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a novel stem cell-based aggregate approach in a fibrin carrier to regenerate osteochondral defects in the Sprague-Dawley rat trochlear groove model. Two different densities of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC) aggregates were fabricated by the hanging drop technique. At 8 weeks, the cell aggregates supported the defects and served as a catalyst for neo-cartilage synthesis, and the experimental groups may have been beneficial for bone and cartilage regeneration compared to the fibrin-only control and sham groups, as evidenced by histological assessment. The cell density of rBMSC aggregates may thus directly impact chondrogenesis. The usage of cell aggregates with fibrin as a cell-based technology is a promising and translational new treatment strategy for repair of cartilage defects. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1606-1616, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy D Laflin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 4132 Learned Hall, 1530W 15th St., Lawrence, Kansas, 66045
| | - Michael A Holtz
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 4132 Learned Hall, 1530W 15th St., Lawrence, Kansas, 66045
| | - Donna M Pacicca
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, 64108
| | - Nicholas K Wischmeier
- Orthopedic Surgery Residency Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 4132 Learned Hall, 1530W 15th St., Lawrence, Kansas, 66045
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Bertone AL, Reisbig NA, Kilborne AH, Kaido M, Salmanzadeh N, Lovasz R, Sizemore JL, Scheuermann L, Kopp RJ, Zekas LJ, Brokken MT. Equine Dental Pulp Connective Tissue Particles Reduced Lameness in Horses in a Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:31. [PMID: 28344975 PMCID: PMC5344919 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess if injection of allogeneic dental pulp tissue particles would improve lameness in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA) or soft tissue (ST) injury. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, blinded, and controlled clinical trial and client survey assessment. ANIMALS Forty lame client-owned horses. PROCEDURES Sterile dental pulp, recovered from otherwise healthy foals that perish during dystocia, was processed under good manufacturing processing to produce mechanically manipulated, unexpanded pulp tissue particles containing viable cells surrounded in extracellular matrix. Forty lame client-owned horses with confirmed OA (n = 20), or ST injury (desmitis or tendonitis) received a 2 mL intra-articular (n = 20 OA) or intra-lesional (n = 20) injection of control transport vehicle (n = 20) or 10 × 106 dental pulp tissue particles (n = 20). Acclimatized horses had baseline measurements performed and were then injected on day 0. Horses were treadmill exercised for 2 weeks, evaluated by clinical parameters, lameness score, edema (score and circumference), pain on flexion (OA) or pressure (ST), and clients' scores for pain and discomfort before and through 45 days after pulp injection. Twenty horses were available for >2.5-year follow-up. RESULTS Pulp-treated horses showed decrease in lameness compared to baseline (P < 0.009) or placebo controls (P < 0.013) for at least 2 weeks. Client assessments of comfort were improved between before and 45 days after pulp injection (P < 0.001). Clinical improvement with ST injury was significantly greater than OA (P < 0.001). At >2.5-year follow-up, at least 10 horses were in work. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dental pulp tissue particles can be considered as a treatment option for equine lameness due to OA, desmitis, or tendonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia L. Bertone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathalie A. Reisbig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allison H. Kilborne
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mari Kaido
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Navid Salmanzadeh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Lovasz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joy L. Sizemore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Logan Scheuermann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Kopp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa J. Zekas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T. Brokken
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Gene therapy for human osteoarthritis: principles and clinical translation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:331-46. [PMID: 26593049 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1124084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease. Its key feature is a progressive articular cartilage loss. Gene therapy for OA aims at delivering gene-based therapeutic agents to the osteoarthritic cartilage, resulting in a controlled, site-specific, long-term presence to rebuild the damaged cartilage. AREAS COVERED An overview is provided of the principles of gene therapy for OA based on a PubMed literature search. Gene transfer to normal and osteoarthritic cartilage in vitro and in animal models in vivo is reviewed. Results from recent clinical gene therapy trials for OA are discussed and placed into perspective. EXPERT OPINION Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors enable to directly transfer candidate sequences in human articular chondrocytes in situ, providing a potent tool to modulate the structure of osteoarthritic cartilage. However, few preclinical animal studies in OA models have been performed thus far. Noteworthy, several gene therapy clinical trials have been carried out in patients with end-stage knee OA based on the intraarticular injection of human juvenile allogeneic chondrocytes overexpressing a cDNA encoding transforming growth factor-beta-1 via retroviral vectors. In a recent placebo-controlled randomized trial, clinical scores were improved compared with placebo. These translational results provide sufficient reason to proceed with further clinical testing of gene transfer protocols for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Madry
- a Center of Experimental Orthopaedics , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- a Center of Experimental Orthopaedics , Saarland University , Homburg/Saar , Germany
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Santiago-Torres JE, Lovasz R, Bertone AL. Fetal vs adult mesenchymal stem cells achieve greater gene expression, but less osteoinduction. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:223-234. [PMID: 25621122 PMCID: PMC4300933 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate adenoviral transduction in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and effects on stemness in vitro and function as a cell therapy in vivo.
METHODS: Bone marrow-derived adult and fetal MSC were isolated from an equine source and expanded in monolayer tissue culture. Polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated transfection of pcDNA3-eGFP or adenoviral transduction of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was evaluated in fetal MSCs. Adenoviral-mediated transduction was chosen for subsequent experiments. All experiments were carried out at least in triplicate unless otherwise noted. Outcome assessment was obtained by flow cytometry or immunohystochemistry and included transduction efficiency, cell viability, stemness (i.e., cell proliferation, osteogenic and chondrogenic cell differentiation), and quantification of GFP expression. Fetal and adult MSCs were then transduced with an adenoviral vector containing the gene for the bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2). In vitro BMP2 expression was assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, MSC-mediated gene delivery of BMP2 was evaluated in vivo in an osteoinduction nude mouse quadriceps model. New bone formation was evaluated by microradiography and histology.
RESULTS: PEI provided greater transfection and viability in fetal MSCs than other commercial chemical reagents. Adenoviral transduction efficiency was superior to PEI-mediated transfection of GFP in fetal MSCs (81.3% ± 1.3% vs 35.0% ± 1.6%, P < 0.05) and was similar in adult MSCs (78.1% ± 1.9%). Adenoviral transduction provided significantly greater expression of GFP in fetal than adult MSCs (7.4 ± 0.1 vs 4.4 ± 0.3 millions of mean fluorescence intensity units, P < 0.01) as well as significantly greater in vitro BMP2 expression (0.16 pg/cell-day vs 0.10 pg/cell-day, P < 0.01). Fraction of fetal MSC GFP positive cells decreased significantly faster than adult MSCs (1.15% ± 0.05% vs 11.4% ± 2.1% GFP positive at 2 wk post-transduction, P < 0.05). Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro were not affected by Ad transduction in both fetal and adult MSCs, but fetal MSCs had reduced chondrogenic differentiation in vitro when compared to adult (P < 0.01). Chondrogenic differentiation was also significantly reduced in Ad-GFP transduced cells (P < 0.05). Ad-BMP2 transduced adult MSCs induced new bone formation in more thighs than Ad-BMP2 transduced fetal MSCs (83% vs 17% of the six treated thighs per group, P < 0.05) and resulted in increased femur midshaft diameter due to greater extent of periosteal new bone (1.57 ± 0.35 mm vs 1.27 ± 0.08 mm, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Fetal MSCs may be genetically manipulated ex vivo with adenoviral vectors. Nonetheless, the abbreviated expression of the exogenous gene may limit their applications in vivo.
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