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Ali S, Noor P, Ahmad MU, Khan QF, William K, Liaqat I, Shah TA, Alsahli AA, Younous YA, Bourhia M. Kinetics of cellulase-free endo xylanase hyper-synthesis by Aspergillus Niger using wheat bran as a potential solid substrate. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:69. [PMID: 39334195 PMCID: PMC11438087 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the production of cellulase-free endoxylanase by Aspergillus niger ISL-9 using wheat bran as a solid substrate. Endoxylanase was produced under a solid-state fermentation. Various growth parameters were optimized for the improved production of the enzyme. The Substrate level of 15 g was optimized as it provided the fungus with balanced aeration and nutrition. Among the six moisture contents investigated, Moisture Content 5 (MC5) was optimized (g/l: malt extract, 10; (NH4)2HPO4, 2.5; urea, 1.0) and 10 mL of MC5 was found to give the highest production of endoxylanase. The pH and time of incubation were optimized to 6.2 and 48 h respectively. The Inoculum size of 2 mL (1.4 × 106 spores/mL) gave the maximum enzyme production. After optimization of these growth parameters, a significantly high endoxylanase activity of 21.87 U/g was achieved. Very negligible Carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activity was observed indicating the production of cellulase-free endoxylanase. The notable finding is that the endoxylanase activity was increased by 1.4-fold under optimized conditions (p ≤ 0.05). The overall comparison of kinetic parameters for enhanced production of endoxylanase by A. niger ISL-9 under Solid State Fermentation (SSF) was also studied. Different kinetic variables which included specific growth rate, product yield coefficients, volumetric rates and specific rates were observed at 48, 72 and 96 h incubation time and were compared for MC1 and MC5. Among the kinetic parameters, the most significant result was obtained with volumetric rate constant for product formation (Qp) that was found to be optimum (1.89 U/h) at 72 h incubation period and a high value of Qp i.e.1.68 U/h was also observed at 48 h incubation period. Thus, the study demonstrates a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable process for xylanase production and exhibits scope towards successful industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikander Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIIB), GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Pakeeza Noor
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIIB), GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIIB), GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Farid Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIIB), GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kaynat William
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (IIIB), GC University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Depatment of Zoology, Dr. Nazir Ahmed Institute of Biological Sciences, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tawaf Ali Shah
- College of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, 70000, Morocco
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Alananbeh KM, Alkfoof R, Muhaidat R, Massadeh M. Production of Xylanase by Trichoderma Species Growing on Olive Mill Pomace and Barley Bran in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38248958 PMCID: PMC10817328 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes that have tremendous applications in different sectors of life, but the high cost of their production has limited their use. One solution to reduce costs and enhance xylanase production is the use of agro-wastes as a substrate in fungal cultures. In this study, olive mill pomace (OMP) and barley bran (BB) were used as carbon sources and possible inducers of xylanase production by three species of Trichoderma (atroviride, harzianum, and longibrachiatum), one major xylanase producer. The experiments were conducted under a solid-state fermentation system (SSF) in flask cultures and a packed-bed bioreactor. Cultures of OMP and BB were optimized by examining different ratios of OMP and BB, varied particle sizes, and inoculum size for the three species of Trichoderma. The ratio of 8:2 OMP and BB yielded the highest xylanase activity, with a particle size of 1 mm at 29 °C and an inoculum size of 1 × 107 spores/mL. Studying the time profile of the process revealed that xylanase activity was highest after seven days of incubation in flask SSF cultures (1.779 U/mL) and after three days in a packed-bed bioreactor (1.828 U/mL). The maximum percentage of OMP degradation recorded was about 15% in the cultures of T. harzianum flask SSF cultures, compared to about 11% in T. longibrachiatum bioreactor cultures. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis experiments showed that Xylane enzyme activity ranged from 0.274 U/mL in T. harzianum to 0.837 U/mL in T. atroviride when crude extract was used, with the highest activity (0.628 U/mL) at 60% saturation. Xylose was the main sugar released in all purified fractions, with the G-50 and G-75 fractions showing the maximum units of xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud M. Alananbeh
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rana Alkfoof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid P.O. Box 21163, Jordan; (R.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Riyadh Muhaidat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid P.O. Box 21163, Jordan; (R.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Muhannad Massadeh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa P.O. Box 11315, Jordan
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Cano y Postigo LO, Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Guajardo-Flores D, Garcia Amezquita LE, García-Cayuela T. Solid-state fermentation for enhancing the nutraceutical content of agrifood by-products: Recent advances and its industrial feasibility. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Manan MA, Webb C. Newly designed multi-stacked circular tray solid-state bioreactor: analysis of a distributed parameter gas balance during solid-state fermentation with influence of variable initial moisture content arrangements. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The growth of Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae in a self-designed, multi-stacked circular tray solid-state bioreactor (SSB), operating in solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions at a laboratory scale, was studied. The bioreactor was divided into six layers by six circular perforated trays. Wheat bran was used as both a carrier of bound mycelia and nutrient medium for the growth of A. awamori and A. oryzae. The new tray SSB is equipped with instrumentation (an oxygen (O2)/carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyser and a thermocouple) to continuously monitor O2 consumption and CO2 and heat evolved, which can directly be used to monitor the fungal biomass. The integrated Gompertz model was used to describe the accumulated evolution of CO2.
Results
The results from the models strongly suggest that the evolved and accumulated CO2 can be used to excellently describe fungal growth. Another important parameter that can be determined by the gas balance method is the respiratory quotient (RQ). This is the ratio of the CO2 evolution rate (CER) to the O2 uptake rate (OUR). The use of CER and OUR confirmed that correlated measurements of microbial activity are available, and the determination of RQ may propose an explanation for differences from expected levels. The kinetic behaviour of the fungal culture, using raw CO2, which represents an accumulation term, was integrated with respect to time and fitted to a Gompertz model, a log-like equation. The model can be used to generate parameter values that may be used to verify the experimental data, and also to simulate and optimise the process.
Conclusion
Overall, A. awamori and A. oryzae have their own ability to degrade and utilise the complex compositions contained in the solid substrate, and fermentation conditions may lead to possible comparisons. In addition, multi-stacked circular tray SSB systems demonstrated an excellent system for further investigations of mass transfer and possibly for large-scale operation, though considerable optimisation work remains to be done; for example, the height/diameter ratio and total number of trays should be optimised.
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Comparative Study of Cellulase Production Using Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14726-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li R, Zhu Z. Investigations on hydrodynamics of multilayer Π-type radial flow reactors. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Umsza-Guez MA, Díaz AB, de Ory I, Blandino A, Gomes E, Caro I. Xylanase production by Aspergillus awamori under solid state fermentation conditions on tomato pomace. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1585-97. [PMID: 24031793 PMCID: PMC3768745 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110004000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, tomato pomace, a waste abundantly available in the Mediterranean and other temperate climates agro-food industries, has been used as raw material for the production of some hydrolytic enzymes, including xylanase, exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), cellulase (CMCase) and α-amylase. The principal step of the process is the solid state fermentation (SSF) of this residue by Aspergillus awamori. In several laboratory experiments, maximum xylanase and exo-PG activities were measured during the first days of culture, reaching values around 100 and 80 IU/gds (international units of enzyme activity per gram of dried solid), respectively. For CMCase and α-amylase production remained almost constant along fermentation, with average values of 19 and 21.5 IU/gds, respectively. Experiments carried out in a plate-type bioreactor at lab scale showed a clear positive effect of aeration on xylanase and CMCase, while the opposite was observed for exo-PG and α-amylase. In general, xylanase was the enzyme produced in higher levels, thus the optimum conditions for the determination of the enzyme activity was characterized. The xylanase activity shows an optimum pH of 5 and an optimum temperature of 50 ºC. The enzyme is activated by Mg(2+), but strongly inhibited by Hg(2+) and Cu(2+). The enzymatic activity remains quite high if the extract is preserved in a range of pH from 3 to 10 and a temperature between 30 ºC to 40 ºC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A. Umsza-Guez
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana B. Díaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Apdo. 40, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Ignacio de Ory
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Apdo. 40, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Ana Blandino
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Apdo. 40, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ildefonso Caro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Apdo. 40, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
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A model-based investigation of the potential advantages of multi-layer packed beds in solid-state fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Antoine AA, Jacqueline D, Thonart P. Xylanase Production by Penicillium canescens on Soya Oil Cake in Solid-State Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:50-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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