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Barbieri GS, Bento HBS, de Oliveira F, Picheli FP, Dias LM, Masarin F, Santos-Ebinuma VC. Xylanase Production by Talaromyces amestolkiae Valuing Agroindustrial Byproducts. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11020015. [PMID: 35822788 PMCID: PMC9264394 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, agroindustrial byproducts can be easily assimilated by several microorganisms due to their composition, which is rich in carbohydrates. Therefore, they could be appropriate for use as raw materials in a sustainable refinery concept, including the production of hydrolytic enzymes with industrial applicability. In this work, xylanase production by the filamentous fungi Talaromyces amestolkiae in submerged culture was evaluated using five agroindustrial byproducts, namely, wheat bran, citrus pulp, rice bran, peanut skin, and peanut shell. Firstly, the aforementioned byproducts were characterized in terms of cellulose, xylan, lignin, and extractives. Next, production studies were performed, and wheat bran generated the highest enzymatic activity (5.4 U·mL−1), probably because of its large amount of xylan. Subsequently, a factorial design was performed to evaluate the independent variables yeast extract, wheat bran, K2HPO4, and pH, aiming to improve the variable response, xylanase activity. The condition that promoted the highest production, 13.02 U·mL−1 (141% higher than the initial condition), was 20 g·L−1 wheat bran, 2.5 g·L−1 yeast extract, 3 g·L−1 K2HPO4, and pH 7. Thus, industrial byproducts with a high content of xylan can be used as a culture medium to produce xylanase enzymes with a Talaromyces strain through an economical and sustainable approach.
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Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Zhao Y, Kakumyan P. Impact of Cultivation Substrate and Microbial Community on Improving Mushroom Productivity: A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040569. [PMID: 35453768 PMCID: PMC9027886 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lignocellulosic material and substrate formulations affect mushroom productivity. The microbial community in cultivation substrates affects the quality of the substrates and the efficiency of mushroom production. The elucidation of the key microbes and their biochemical function can serve as a useful guide in the development of a more effective system for mushroom cultivation. Abstract Lignocellulosic materials commonly serve as base substrates for mushroom production. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the major components of lignocellulose materials. The composition of these components depends upon the plant species. Currently, composted and non-composted lignocellulosic materials are used as substrates in mushroom cultivation depending on the mushroom species. Different substrate compositions can directly affect the quality and quantity of mushroom production yields. Consequently, the microbial dynamics and communities of the composting substrates can significantly affect mushroom production. Therefore, changes in both substrate composition and microbial diversity during the cultivation process can impact the production of high-quality substrates and result in a high degree of biological efficiency. A brief review of the current findings on substrate composition and microbial diversity for mushroom cultivation is provided in this paper. We also summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of mushroom cultivation by analyzing the microbial diversity of the composting substrates during mushroom cultivation. The resulting information will serve as a useful guide for future researchers in their attempts to increase mushroom productivity through the selection of suitable substrate compositions and their relation to the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakarin Suwannarach
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (P.K.)
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (P.K.)
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Méndez-Líter JA, de Eugenio LI, Nieto-Domínguez M, Prieto A, Martínez MJ. Hemicellulases from Penicillium and Talaromyces for lignocellulosic biomass valorization: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 324:124623. [PMID: 33434871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The term hemicellulose groups different polysaccharides with heterogeneous structures, mannans, xyloglucans, mixed-linkage β-glucans and xylans, which differ in their backbone and branches, and in the type and distribution of glycosidic linkages. The enzymatic degradation of these complex polymers requires the concerted action of multiple hemicellulases and auxiliary enzymes. Most commercial enzymes are produced by Trichoderma and Aspergillus species, but recent studies have disclosed Penicillium and Talaromyces as promising sources of hemicellulases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the hemicellulolytic system of these genera, and the role of hemicellulases in the disruption and synthesis of glycosidic bonds. In both cases, the enzymes from Penicillium and Talaromyces represent an interesting alternative for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass in the current framework of circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Méndez-Líter
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), c/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura I de Eugenio
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), c/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), c/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), c/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Biotechnology for Lignocellulosic Biomass Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), c/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Bioprospecting of Thermophilic Fungal Enzymes and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cloning, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Thermostable β-Xylanase Tnap_0700 from Thermotoga naphthophila. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:1274-1290. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Basit A, Liu J, Rahim K, Jiang W, Lou H. Thermophilic xylanases: from bench to bottle. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:989-1002. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1425662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Basit
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junquan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kashif Rahim
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Alfa fibers ( Stipa tenacissima ) using β- d -glucosidase and xylanase of Talaromyces thermophilus from solid-state fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:543-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mallek-Fakhfakh H, Fakhfakh J, Masmoudi N, Rezgui F, Gargouri A, Belghith H. Agricultural wastes as substrates for β-glucosidase production by Talaromyces thermophilus: Role of these enzymes in enhancing waste paper saccharification. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:414-423. [PMID: 27824279 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1252928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated a potent extracellular β-glucosidases secreted by the thermophilic fungal strain AX4 of Talaromyces thermophilus, isolated from Tunisian soil samples. This strain was selected referring to the highest thermostability of its β-glucosidases compared to the other fungal isolates. The β-glucosidase production was investigated by submerged fermentation. The optimal temperature and initial pH for maximum β-glucosidase production were 50°C and 7.0, respectively. Several carbon sources were assayed for their effects on β-glucosidase production, significant yields were obtained in media containing lactose 1% (3.0 ± 0.36 U/ml) and wheat bran 2% (4.0 ± 0.4 U/ml). The combination of wheat bran at 2% and lactose at 0.8% as carbon source enhanced β-glucosidase production, which reached 8.5 ± 0.28 U/ml. Furthermore, the β-glucosidase-rich enzymatic juice of T. thermophilus exhibited significant synergism with Trichoderma reesei (Rut C30) cellulases for pretreated waste paper (PWP) hydrolysis. Interestingly, the use of this optimal enzymatic cocktail increased 4.23 fold the glucose yield after saccharification of waste paper. A maximum sugar yield (94%) was reached when using low substrate (2%) and enzyme loading (EC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Mallek-Fakhfakh
- a Laboratory of Eukaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Fakhfakh
- b Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Najla Masmoudi
- a Laboratory of Eukaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Fatma Rezgui
- a Laboratory of Eukaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- a Laboratory of Eukaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Belghith
- a Laboratory of Eukaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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Mahmod SS, Yusof F, Jami MS, Khanahmadi S, Shah H. Development of an immobilized biocatalyst with lipase and protease activities as a multipurpose cross-linked enzyme aggregate (multi-CLEA). Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mallek-Fakhfakh H, Belghith H. Physicochemical properties of thermotolerant extracellular β-glucosidase from Talaromyces thermophilus and enzymatic synthesis of cello-oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2015; 419:41-50. [PMID: 26649918 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A thermophilic fungus, Talaromyces thermophilus that produces a novel thermotolerant extra-cellular β-glucosidase (Bgl.tls), was isolated from Tunisian soil samples. The enzyme was purified from the culture filtrates of T. thermophilus grown on lactose using gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and FPLC. The monomeric enzyme had a molecular mass of 116.0 kDa and a high specific activity of 1429 UI/mg. Bgl.tls exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 65 °C. It was also stable over a wide range of pH (4.0-10.0) and stable at 50 °C for 34 h. Bgl.tls retained about 80% of its initial activity after 1.0 hours of preincubation at 60 °C. The Km and Vmax values recorded for pNPG were 0.25 mM and 228.7 µmol min(-1), respectively. Bgl.tls was activated by Mn(2+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and Co(2+) but obviously inhibited by Fe(2+) and Cu(2+). It was able to hydrolyze a variety of aryl / alkyl -β-glucosides and disaccharides as well as (1 → 6) and (1 → 4)-β-glucosidic linkages and α-glycosidic substrates, thus providing evidence for its broad substrate specificity. The enzyme also displayed high hydrolytic and transglycosylation activities. Overall, this study is the first report on the purification and physicochemical properties of a β-glucosidase secreted by T. thermophilus. The cello-oligosaccharides synthesized by this enzyme within 2 h were mainly cellotriose, cellotetraose and cellopentaose identified by HPLC and ESI-MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Mallek-Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Biomass Valorization and Proteins Production in Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PB" 1177" 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Belghith
- Laboratory of Biomass Valorization and Proteins Production in Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, PB" 1177" 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Optimization of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase production by Colletotrichum graminicola under solid-state fermentation and application in raw sugarcane trash saccharification. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2875-902. [PMID: 23364611 PMCID: PMC3588020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient, low-cost enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues is essential for cost-effective production of bioethanol. The production of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase by Colletotrichum graminicola was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Maximal production occurred in wheat bran. Sugarcane trash, peanut hulls and corncob enhanced β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase production, respectively. Maximal levels after optimization reached 159.3 ± 12.7 U g−1, 128.1 ± 6.4 U g−1 and 378.1 ± 23.3 U g−1, respectively, but the enzymes were produced simultaneously at good levels under culture conditions optimized for each one of them. Optima of pH and temperature were 5.0 and 65 °C for the three enzymes, which maintained full activity for 72 h at 50 °C and for 120 min at 60 °C (β-glucosidase) or 65 °C (β-xylosidase and xylanase). Mixed with Trichoderma reesei cellulases, C. graminicola crude extract hydrolyzed raw sugarcane trash with glucose yield of 33.1% after 48 h, demonstrating good potential to compose efficient cocktails for lignocellulosic materials hydrolysis.
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Production of a xylose-stimulated β-glucosidase and a cellulase-free thermostable xylanase by the thermophilic fungus Humicola brevis var. thermoidea under solid state fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2689-701. [PMID: 22806195 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Humicola brevis var. thermoidea cultivated under solid state fermentation in wheat bran and water (1:2 w/v) was a good producer of β-glucosidase and xylanase. After optimization using response surface methodology the level of xylanase reached 5,791.2 ± 411.2 U g(-1), while β-glucosidase production was increased about 2.6-fold, reaching 20.7 ± 1.5 U g(-1). Cellulase levels were negligible. Biochemical characterization of H. brevis β-glucosidase and xylanase activities showed that they were stable in a wide pH range. Optimum pH for β-glucosidase and xylanase activities were 5.0 and 5.5, respectively, but the xylanase showed 80 % of maximal activity when assayed at pH 8.0. Both enzymes presented high thermal stability. The β-glucosidase maintained about 95 % of its activity after 26 h in water at 55 °C, with half-lives of 15.7 h at 60 °C and 5.1 h at 65 °C. The presence of xylose during heat treatment at 65 °C protected β-glucosidase against thermal inactivation. Xylanase maintained about 80 % of its activity after 200 h in water at 60 °C. Xylose stimulated β-glucosidase activity up to 1.7-fold, at 200 mmol L(-1). The notable features of both xylanase and β-glucosidase suggest that H. brevis crude culture extract may be useful to compose efficient enzymatic cocktails for lignocellulosic materials treatment or paper pulp biobleaching.
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Purification and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable xylanase from Actinomadura sp. strain Cpt20 isolated from poultry compost. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:663-79. [PMID: 22161140 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular thermostable xylanase from a newly isolated thermophilic Actinomadura sp. strain Cpt20 was purified and characterized. Based on matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 20,110.13 Da. The 19 residue N-terminal sequence of the enzyme showed 84% homology with those of actinomycete endoxylanases. The optimum pH and temperature values for xylanase activity were pH 10 and 80 °C, respectively. This xylanase was stable within a pH range of 5-10 and up to a temperature of 90 °C. It showed high thermostability at 60 °C for 5 days and half-life times at 90 °C and 100 °C were 2 and 1 h, respectively. The xylanase was specific for xylans, showing higher specific activity on soluble oat-spelt xylan followed by beechwood xylan. This enzyme obeyed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with the K (m) and k (cat) values being 1.55 mg soluble oat-spelt xylan/ml and 388 min(-1), respectively. While the xylanase from Actinomadura sp. Cpt20 was activated by Mn(2+), Ca(2+), and Cu(2+), it was, strongly inhibited by Hg(2+), Zn(2+), and Ba(2+). These properties make this enzyme a potential candidate for future use in biotechnological applications particularly in the pulp and paper industry.
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Romdhane IBB, Romdhane ZB, Gargouri A, Belghith H. Esterification activity and stability of Talaromyces thermophilus lipase immobilized onto chitosan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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