1
|
Zhu L, Xu A, Zhang H, Lu Y, Liu S, Chen X, Chen H. Lignin Reactions and Structural Alternations under Typical Biomass Pretreatment Methods. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190806100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of biomass in the production of renewable bioenergy and biomaterials has been a popular topic since the past decades as they are rich in carbohydrates. Most biomasses, such as wood, monocotyledons, and agriculture residues, need to be pretreated before the conversion of carbohydrates in order to break down the recalcitrant cell wall structure and increase the fiber accessibility. To date, a variety of pretreatment methods have been developed that vary from physical to chemical and biological methods. Pretreatment processes affect the cell wall physical structure as well as the chemical structure of the cell wall constituents. Comparing to the studies of the cellulose and hemicelluloses structural changes during pretreatment, such studies on lignin are relatively limited. On the other hand, in order to utilize the part of lignin from biorefinery processes, the understanding of the lignin structural changes during the refining process becomes important. In this study, typical pretreatment methods such as hydrothermal pretreatment, alkaline pretreatment, biodegradation, and oxidative pretreatment are introduced and their corresponding impacts on the lignin structures are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Zhu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Anjie Xu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hanchi Chen
- Fermentation Technology Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nawaz A, Mukhtar H, ul Haq I, Mazhar Z, Mumtaz MW. Laccase: An Environmental Benign Pretreatment Agent for Efficient Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Residues to Bioethanol. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190722163046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abrupt urbanization and industrialization around the world resulted in elevated environmental pollution and depletion of natural energy resources. An eco-friendly and economical alternative for energy production is the need of an hour. This can be achieved by converting the waste material into energy. One such waste is lignocellulosic agricultural residues, produced in billions of tons every year all around the world, which can be converted into bioethanol. The main challenge in this bioconversion is the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic material. The removal of cementing material is lignin and to overcome the potential inhibitors produced during the disintegration of lignin is the challenging task for biotechnologist. This task can be achieved by a number of different methods but laccase is the most effective and eco-friendly method that can be used for effective removal of lignin along with the increase the accessibility of cellulose and bioethanol yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ikram ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Mazhar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Camargo D, Sydney EB, Leonel LV, Pintro TC, Sene L. DILUTE ACID HYDROLYSIS OF SWEET SORGHUM BAGASSE AND FERMENTABILITY OF THE HEMICELLULOSIC HYDROLYSATE. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20170643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luciane Sene
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar V, Krishania M, Preet Sandhu P, Ahluwalia V, Gnansounou E, Sangwan RS. Efficient detoxification of corn cob hydrolysate with ion-exchange resins for enhanced xylitol production by Candida tropicalis MTCC 6192. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:416-419. [PMID: 29276111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates utilization of secondary agricultural wastes for xylitol production. The highest xylan-to-xylose (70%) conversion was achieved using dilute nitric acid as catalyst followed by resin treatment. Results show that resin treatment efficiently removed nitrate salt (70%), phenolic content and 5-HMF (70%). Highest xylitol yield (85%) was achieved during fermentation using Candida tropicalis MTCC 6192 from the neutralized hemicellulosic hydrolysate medium. Good recovery (>15%) was achieved from corncob with 85% xylose to xylitol conversion during fermentation. This two-step process for transformation of agri-waste to xylitol is much simpler and it could possibly be considered for up scaling after process optimization parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 160071, India.
| | - Meena Krishania
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 160071, India
| | - Pankaj Preet Sandhu
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 160071, India
| | - Vivek Ahluwalia
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 160071, India
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Laboratory of Energy Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajender S Sangwan
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 160071, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McIntosh S, Palmer J, Zhang Z, Doherty WO, Yazdani SS, Sukumaran RK, Vancov T. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Pretreated Eucalyptus grandis Under High Solids Loading. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2016.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shane McIntosh
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice Palmer
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - William O.S. Doherty
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Syed S. Yazdani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev K. Sukumaran
- CSIR, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Tony Vancov
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Healey AL, Lee DJ, Lupoi JS, Papa G, Guenther JM, Corno L, Adani F, Singh S, Simmons BA, Henry RJ. Evaluation of Relationships between Growth Rate, Tree Size, Lignocellulose Composition, and Enzymatic Saccharification in Interspecific Corymbia Hybrids and Parental Taxa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1705. [PMID: 27917179 PMCID: PMC5114311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order for a lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock to be considered sustainable, it must possess a high rate of growth to supply biomass for conversion. Despite the desirability of a fast growth rate for industrial application, it is unclear what effect growth rate has on biomass composition or saccharification. We characterized Klason lignin, glucan, and xylan content with response to growth in Corymbia interspecific F1 hybrid families (HF) and parental species Corymbia torelliana and C. citriodora subspecies variegata and measured the effects on enzymatic hydrolysis from hydrothermally pretreated biomass. Analysis of biomass composition within Corymbia populations found similar amounts of Klason lignin content (19.7-21.3%) among parental and hybrid populations, whereas glucan content was clearly distinguished within C. citriodora subspecies variegata (52%) and HF148 (60%) as compared to other populations (28-38%). Multiple linear regression indicates that biomass composition is significantly impacted by tree size measured at the same age, with Klason lignin content increasing with diameter breast height (DBH) (+0.12% per cm DBH increase), and glucan and xylan typically decreasing per DBH cm increase (-0.7 and -0.3%, respectively). Polysaccharide content within C. citriodora subspecies variegata and HF-148 were not significantly affected by tree size. High-throughput enzymatic saccharification of hydrothermally pretreated biomass found significant differences among Corymbia populations for total glucose production from biomass, with parental Corymbia torelliana and hybrids HF-148 and HF-51 generating the highest amounts of glucose (~180 mg/g biomass, respectively), with HF-51 undergoing the most efficient glucan-to-glucose conversion (74%). Based on growth rate, biomass composition, and further optimization of enzymatic saccharification yield, high production Corymbia hybrid trees are potentially suitable for fast-rotation bioenergy or biomaterial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Healey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandSt. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David J. Lee
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore, QLD, Australia
- Forestry & Biosciences, Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and FisheriesGympie, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Gabriella Papa
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmeryville, CA, USA
| | - Joel M. Guenther
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmeryville, CA, USA
- Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermore, CA, USA
| | - Luca Corno
- Gruppo Ricicla – Biomass and Bioenergy Laboratory, DiSAA, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla – Biomass and Bioenergy Laboratory, DiSAA, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmeryville, CA, USA
- Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermore, CA, USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEmeryville, CA, USA
- Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National LaboratoriesLivermore, CA, USA
| | - Robert J. Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandSt. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Evaluation of the Fermentation Potential of Pulp Mill Residue to Produce d(−)-Lactic Acid by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1574-1585. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
9
|
Healey AL, Lee DJ, Furtado A, Simmons BA, Henry RJ. Efficient Eucalypt Cell Wall Deconstruction and Conversion for Sustainable Lignocellulosic Biofuels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:190. [PMID: 26636077 PMCID: PMC4653827 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to meet the world's growing energy demand and reduce the impact of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from fossil fuel combustion, renewable plant-based feedstocks for biofuel production must be considered. The first-generation biofuels, derived from starches of edible feedstocks, such as corn, create competition between food and fuel resources, both for the crop itself and the land on which it is grown. As such, biofuel synthesized from non-edible plant biomass (lignocellulose) generated on marginal agricultural land will help to alleviate this competition. Eucalypts, the broadly defined taxa encompassing over 900 species of Eucalyptus, Corymbia, and Angophora are the most widely planted hardwood tree in the world, harvested mainly for timber, pulp and paper, and biomaterial products. More recently, due to their exceptional growth rate and amenability to grow under a wide range of environmental conditions, eucalypts are a leading option for the development of a sustainable lignocellulosic biofuels. However, efficient conversion of woody biomass into fermentable monomeric sugars is largely dependent on pretreatment of the cell wall, whose formation and complexity lend itself toward natural recalcitrance against its efficient deconstruction. A greater understanding of this complexity within the context of various pretreatments will allow the design of new and effective deconstruction processes for bioenergy production. In this review, we present the various pretreatment options for eucalypts, including research into understanding structure and formation of the eucalypt cell wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Healey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David J. Lee
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Forestry and Biosciences, Agri-Science Queensland, Gympie, QLD, Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Robert J. Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elumalai S, Espinosa AR, Markley JL, Runge TM. Combined sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide pretreatment of post-biogas digestion dairy manure fiber for cost effective cellulosic bioethanol production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/2043-7129-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The current higher manufacturing cost of biofuels production from lignocellulosics hinders the commercial process development. Although many approaches for reducing the manufacturing cost of cellulosic biofuels may be considered, the use of less expensive feedstocks may represent the largest impact. In the present study, we investigated the use of a low cost feedstock: post-biogas digestion dairy manure fiber. We used an innovative pretreatment procedure that combines dilute sodium hydroxide with supplementary aqueous ammonia, with the goal of releasing fermentable sugar for ethanol fermentation.
Results
Post-biogas digestion manure fiber were found to contain 41.1% total carbohydrates, 29.4% lignin, 13.7% ash, and 11.7% extractives on dry basis. Chemical treatment were applied using varying amounts of NaOH and NH3 (2-10% loadings of each alkali on dry solids) at mild conditions of 100°C for 5 min, which led to a reduction in lignin of 16-40%. Increasing treatment severity conditions to 121°C for 60 min improved delignification to 17-67%, but also solubilized significant amounts of the carbohydrates. A modified severity parameter model was used to determine the delignification efficiency of manure fiber during alkaline pretreatment. The linear model well predicted the experimental values of fiber delignification for all pretreatment methods (R2 > 0.94). Enzymatic digestion of the treated fibers attained 15-50% saccharification for the low severity treatment, whereas the high severity treatment achieved up to 2-fold higher saccharification. Pretreatment with NaOH alone at a variety of concentrations and temperatures provide low delignification levels of only 5 − 21% and low saccharification yields of 3 − 8%, whereas pretreatment with the combination of NaOH and NH3 improved delignification levels and saccharification yields 2–3.5 higher than pretreatment with NH3 alone. Additionally, the combined NaOH and NH3 pretreatment led to noticeable changes in fiber morphology as determined by SEM and CrI measurements.
Conclusions
We show that combined alkaline treatment by NaOH and NH3 improves the delignification and enzymatic digestibility of anaerobically digested manure fibers. Although pretreatment leads to acceptable saccharification for this low-cost feedstock, the high chemical consumption costs of the process likely will require recovery and reuse of the treatment chemicals, prior to this process being economically feasibility.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li X, Li Y, Mou H, Gao Y, Hwang H, Wang P. THE OPTIMIZATION OF SACCHARIFICATION OF DESULFURATED RED SEAWEED-DERIVED POLYSACCHARIDES AND ANALYSIS OF THEIR COMPOSITION. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:40-55. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.791628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Koutinas AA, Vlysidis A, Pleissner D, Kopsahelis N, Lopez Garcia I, Kookos IK, Papanikolaou S, Kwan TH, Lin CSK. Valorization of industrial waste and by-product streams via fermentation for the production of chemicals and biopolymers. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2587-627. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
13
|
Ahmed IN, Nguyen PLT, Huynh LH, Ismadji S, Ju YH. Bioethanol production from pretreated Melaleuca leucadendron shedding bark--simultaneous saccharification and fermentation at high solid loading. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:213-221. [PMID: 23570711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol production from the shedding bark of Melaleuca leucadendron (Paper-bark Tree, PBT) was studied using subcritical water (SCW) pretreatment at various severities (So). High ethanol production was attained by implementing a factorial design on three parameters (So, solid loading and enzyme loading) in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) mode. Ethanol concentration of 63.2 g L(-1) corresponding to ethanol yield of 80.9% were achieved from pretreated biomass (So=2.37) at 0.25 g mL(-1) solid and 16 FPU g(-1) glucan enzyme loadings. Similarly at 0.15 g mL(-1) solid loadings both high ethanol concentration (43.7 g L(-1)) and high ethanol yield (91.25%) were achieved. Regression analysis of experimental results shows that all process parameters had significant role on maximum ethanol production, glucose solubility, ethanol yield and ethanol volumetric productivity. SSF of SCW treated PBT biomass is economically feasible for production of bioethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Nasser Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Enhanced bio-ethanol production from cellulosic materials by semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using high temperature resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae TJ14. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:20-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Direct ethanol production from hemicellulosic materials of rice straw by use of an engineered yeast strain codisplaying three types of hemicellulolytic enzymes on the surface of xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. J Biotechnol 2011; 158:203-10. [PMID: 21741417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cost of the lignocellulose-hydrolyzing enzymes used in the saccharification process of ethanol production from biomass accounts for a relatively high proportion of total processing costs. Cell surface engineering technology has facilitated a reduction in these costs by integrating saccharification and fermentation processes into a recombinant microbe strain expressing heterologous enzymes on the cell surface. We constructed a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae that not only hydrolyzed hemicelluloses by codisplaying endoxylanase from Trichoderma reesei, β-xylosidase from Aspergillus oryzae, and β-glucosidase from Aspergillus aculeatus but that also assimilated xylose through the expression of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase from Pichia stipitis and xylulokinase from S. cerevisiae. The recombinant strain successfully produced ethanol from rice straw hydrolysate consisting of hemicellulosic material containing xylan, xylooligosaccharides, and cellooligosaccharides without requiring the addition of sugar-hydrolyzing enzymes or detoxication. The ethanol titer of the strain was 8.2g/l after 72h fermentation, which was approximately 2.5-fold higher than that of the control strain. The yield (grams of ethanol per gram of total sugars in rice straw hydrolysate consumed) was 0.41g/g, which corresponded to 82% of the theoretical yield. The cell surface-engineered strain was thus highly effective for consolidating the process of ethanol production from hemicellulosic materials.
Collapse
|