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Chen W, Li Z, Dong X, Wang X. A tetravalent single-chain variable fragment antibody for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:305-309. [PMID: 33835764 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) synthesized by Staphylococcus aureus is a foodborne and heat-stable toxin, which is a great threat to human health (Pexaraet al., 2010). Highly sensitive antibodies are a key factor in the immunological detection of SEA, which is one of the most effective ways to detect SEA because of its accuracy, agility, and efficiency (Nouri et al., 2018). In this study, we constructed a tetravalent anti-SEA antibody gene by linking the tetramerization domain of human p53 to the C-terminus of the anti-SEA single-chain variable fragment (scFv), which was then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for the production of a SEA-specific tetravalent antibody. Successful expression of the tetravalent antibody was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot. An indirect non-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that the tetravalent antibody exhibited SEA-specific binding activity. A sandwich ELISA demonstrated that compared to the scFv monomer, the tetravalent antibody was more sensitive in detecting SEA. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the SEA interacted with the scFv mainly on the opposite side of the residue linked to p53. Thus, this study indicated that genetically engineered tetramerization is a potential way to improve the sensitivity of SEA-specific scFv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Féraudet Tarisse C, Goulard-Huet C, Nia Y, Devilliers K, Marcé D, Dambrune C, Lefebvre D, Hennekinne JA, Simon S. Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins SEA, SEG, SEH, and SEI by Immunoassay. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:130. [PMID: 33572449 PMCID: PMC7916246 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide, resulting from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), primarily SE type A (SEA), which is produced in food by enterotoxigenic strains of staphylococci, mainly S. aureus. Since newly identified SEs have been shown to have emetic properties and the genes encoding them have been found in food involved in poisoning outbreaks, it is necessary to have reliable tools to prove the presence of the toxins themselves, to clarify the role played by these non-classical SEs, and to precisely document SFP outbreaks. We have produced and characterized monoclonal antibodies directed specifically against SE type G, H or I (SEG, SEH or SEI respectively) or SEA. With these antibodies, we have developed, for each of these four targets, highly sensitive, specific, and reliable 3-h sandwich enzyme immunoassays that we evaluated for their suitability for SE detection in different matrices (bacterial cultures of S. aureus, contaminated food, human samples) for different purposes (strain characterization, food safety, biological threat detection, diagnosis). We also initiated and described for the first time the development of monoplex and quintuplex (SEA, SE type B (SEB), SEG, SEH, and SEI) lateral flow immunoassays for these new staphylococcal enterotoxins. The detection limits in buffer were under 10 pg/mL (0.4 pM) by enzyme immunoassays and at least 300 pg/mL (11 pM) by immunochromatography for all target toxins with no cross-reactivity observed. Spiking studies and/or bacterial supernatant analysis demonstrated the applicability of the developed methods, which could become reliable detection tools for the routine investigation of SEG, SEH, and SEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Féraudet Tarisse
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.G.-H.); (K.D.); (D.M.); (C.D.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Céline Goulard-Huet
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.G.-H.); (K.D.); (D.M.); (C.D.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Yacine Nia
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Karine Devilliers
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.G.-H.); (K.D.); (D.M.); (C.D.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Dominique Marcé
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.G.-H.); (K.D.); (D.M.); (C.D.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Chloé Dambrune
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.G.-H.); (K.D.); (D.M.); (C.D.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Donatien Lefebvre
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.G.-H.); (K.D.); (D.M.); (C.D.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94706 Maisons-Alfort, France; (Y.N.); (J.-A.H.)
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Paris-Saclay University, CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department (DMTS), SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.G.-H.); (K.D.); (D.M.); (C.D.); (D.L.); (S.S.)
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Hu L, Liu A, Chen W, Yang H, Wang X, Chen F. A non-toxic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for aflatoxin B 1 using anti-idiotypic antibodies as substitutes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1640-1645. [PMID: 27440223 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoassays are widely employed techniques to detect aflatoxins since they are rapid, selective and sensitive. One common disadvantage of them is using aflatoxins as standard substances, which may trigger exposure risks to operators and environmental contamination without proper handling. Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids or Ab2s), also named as internal-image anti-Ids, are able to mimic and function as antigens, so a non-toxic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) is developed and validated using anti-Ids as substitutes. RESULTS Mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (McAb2) to AFB1 was generated by the hybridoma technique using Fab fragments of rabbit anti-AFB1 idiotype antibody (Ab1) as immunogen. As indicated by indirect competitive ELISA, McAb2, represented an internal-image of antigen AFB1 , was able to bind Fab with competition to AFB1 . Then, analysis of AFB1 in spiked samples by non-toxic ELISA using anti-Ids as substitutes was developed, and it showed no significant differences with comparison to AFB1 as competitive antigens. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrated that anti-Ids could be used as internal-image mimicry of AFB1 , and it had potential applications in immunoassays for antigen substitution to reduce operational risk for operators and environmental contamination. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Engineering, HuangHuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiu Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Agro-microbiology of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is one of the most potent bacterial superantigens that exerts profound toxic effects upon the immune system, leading to stimulation of cytokine release and inflammation. It is associated with food poisoning, nonmenstrual toxic shock, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and nasal polyps in humans. Currently, there is no treatment or vaccine available. Passive immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies made in several different species has shown significant inhibition in in vitro studies and reduction in staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced lethal shock in in vivo studies. This should encourage future endeavors to develop these antibodies as therapeutic reagents.
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Liu A, Ye Y, Chen W, Wang X, Chen F. Expression of V(H)-linker-V(L) orientation-dependent single-chain Fv antibody fragment derived from hybridoma 2E6 against aflatoxin B1 in Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:255-62. [PMID: 25540048 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic secondary metabolic product, which threatens human and animal health. Antibody is a key factor for immunoassay against toxic stuff like AFB1, and single-chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) has become a popular format of genetically engineered antibody. In this study, four hybridoma cell lines against AFB1 were obtained, and then scFvs 2E6 derived from hybridoma cell line 2E6 were constructed in different V(H)/V(L) orientations. Subsequently, scFvs 2E6 were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) mainly in the form of inclusion body. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA were employed to characterize scFvs 2E6. The results revealed that the yield of inclusion body of scFvs 2E6 in either V(H)/V(L) orientation was similar; however, only the scFv in V(H)-linker-V(L) orientation showed anti-AFB1 bioactivity after refolding. The present study underscores the importance of choosing optimal V(H)/V(L) orientation for scFv construction, and scFv may be favorable for immunoassays in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China,
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Chen W, Hu L, Liu A, Li J, Chen F, Wang X. Expression and characterization of single-chain variable fragment antibody against staphylococcal enterotoxin A in Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:737-43. [PMID: 25322256 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are potent gastrointestinal exotoxins synthesized by Staphylococcus aureus, which is responsible for various diseases including septicemia, food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome, as well as bovine mastitis. Among them, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is one of the most commonly present serotypes in staphylococcal food poisoning cases. In this study, the stable hybridoma 3C12 producing anti-SEA monoclonal antibody was established with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 1.48 × 10(-8) mol·L(-1), its ScFv-coding genes were obtained and then the anti-SEA single chain variable fragment (ScFv) protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. Characterization of the expressed target ScFv protein was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that the recombinant anti-SEA ScFv protein retained a specific binding activity for SEA, and the KD value of the soluble ScFv was about 3.75 × 10(-7) mol·L(-1). The overall yield of bioactive anti-SEA ScFv in E. coli flask culture was more than 10 mg·L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Wu L, Gao B, Zhang F, Sun X, Zhang Y, Li Z. A novel electrochemical immunosensor based on magnetosomes for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk. Talanta 2013; 106:360-6. [PMID: 23598138 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel electrochemical immunosensor to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin B based on bio-magnetosomes, polyaniline nano-gold composite and 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid, was developed, and found to exhibit high sensitivity and stability. The specific antibody to staphylococcal enterotoxin B conjugated with the magnetosomes showed rapid immunoreactions and good dispersion, which contributed to the formation of a nanostructurally smooth and dense film on the surface of a gold electrode. Polyaniline nano-gold composite and 1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid were used to modify the electrode as mediators to improve the electron transfer and offer an excellent biocompatible microenvironment for the antibody to retain its activity to enhance the response of the electrochemical sensor. Under optimal conditions, the developed immunosensor showed a good linear response in the range from 0.05 to 5 ng/mL (R(2)=0.9957) with a detection limit as low as 0.017 ng/mL, compared with the one without magnetosomes (0.05-5 ng/mL, 0.033 ng/mL), this developed immunosensor showed a wider response range and a reduced detection limit. And a good specificity with little adsorption to staphylococcal enterotoxin A, C and Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) was obtained. Moreover, the immunosensor exhibited a good long-time stability at 4 °C reaching up to 60 days, which showed a relatively long working life. Meanwhile the immunosensor could be regenerated four times using NaOH elution. The sensor also displayed a good repeatability with a relative standard deviation of 5.02% for staphylococcal enterotoxin B detection (1 ng/mL, n=9). Furthermore, high recoveries in milk samples from 81% to 118% were achieved and successfully applied to milk sample detection. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed electrochemical immunosensor is a promising tool for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Zhang M, Liu S, Zhuang H, Hu Y. Determination of dimethyl phthalate in environment water samples by a highly sensitive indirect competitive ELISA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:436-45. [PMID: 22081328 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent controversy over the discovery of clouding agents containing the banned chemical di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in beverages in 2011 in Taiwan has caused public concerns. For the detection of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in environment water samples, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed in this paper. Dimethyl 4-aminophthalate (4-DMAP) was covalently attached to bovine serum albumin as immunogen by a diazotization method. The conjugation of DMAP and ovalbumin as coating antigen was obtained in the same way. Polyclonal antibody was obtained from New Zealand white rabbits. Under the optimized conditions, DMP was detected in the concentration range of 0.02-419 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of river water, lake water, and rain water samples. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 90.6% to 105.5%. The cross-reactivities of the anti-DMP antibody to seven structurally related phthalate esters were below 10%. The data demonstrated that the ic-ELISA method described in our study is a simple, sensitive, and specific method and showed that this assay is a reliable tool to detect DMP in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, Anhui Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province 241000, China.
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