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Khan J, Ali MI, Jamal A, Achakzai JK, Shirazi JH, Haleem A. Assessment of the dibenzothiophene desulfurization potential of indigenously isolated bacterial consortium IQMJ-5: a different approach to safeguard the environment. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:95. [PMID: 36807206 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Biodesulfurization is emerging as a valuable technology for the desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its alkylated substitutes, which are otherwise regarded as refractory to other physical and chemical desulfurizing techniques. The inability of the currently identified pure cultures and artificial microbial consortia due to lower desulfurization rate and product inhibition issues has compelled the researcher to look for an alternative solution. Thus, in the present study, an indigenously isolated microbial consortium was employed to tackle the desulfurization issue. Herein, we isolated several kinds of DBT desulfurizing natural microbial consortia from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil samples by conventional enrichment technique. The most effective desulfurizing microbial consortium was sequenced through illumine sequencing technique. Finally, the effect of the products of the desulfurizing pathway (such as 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) and sulfate (SO4-2) was evaluated on the growth and desulfurization capability of the isolated consortium. The outcomes of Gibb's assay analysis showed that six isolates followed the "4S" pathway and converted DBT to 2-HBP. Among the isolates, I5 showed maximum growth rate (1.078 g/L dry cell weight) and desulfurization activity (about 77% as indicated by HPLC analysis) and was considered for further in-depth experimentation. The analysis of 16S rRNA by high-throughput sequencing approach of the I5 isolate revealed five types of bacterial phyla including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, and Actinobacteria (in order of abundance). The isolate showed significant tolerance to the inhibitory effect of both 2-HBP and SO4-2 and maintained growth in the presence of even about 1.0 mM initial concentration of both products. This clearly suggests that the isolate can be an efficient candidate for future in-depth desulfurization studies of coal and other fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Asif Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jahangir Khan Achakzai
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat (KECH), Turbat, 92600, Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - Jafir Hussain Shirazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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2
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Ghosh P, Mukherji S. Growth kinetics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS1 on fluorene and dibenzothiophene, concomitant degradation kinetics and uptake mechanism. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:195. [PMID: 33927986 PMCID: PMC7997940 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study illustrates the growth kinetics of an efficient PAH and heterocyclic PAH degrading bacterial strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS1 on fluorene (FLU) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) over the concentration 25-500 mg L-1 and their concomitant degradation kinetics. The specific growth rate (µ) was found to lie within the range of 0.32-0.57 day-1 for FLU and 0.24-0.45 day-1 for DBT. The specific substrate utilization rate (q) of FLU and DBT over the log growth phase was between 0.01 and 0.14 mg FLU mg VSS-1 day-1 for FLU and between 0.01 and 0.18 mg DBT mg VSS-1 day-1 for DBT, respectively. The µ and q values varied within a narrow range for both FLU and DBT and they did not follow any specific trend. Dissolution together with direct interfacial uptake was the possible uptake mechanism for both FLU and DBT. The q values over the log growth phase depicts the specific substrate transformation rates. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion studies performed using an E. coli strain indicated accumulation of some toxic intermediates of FLU and DBT during their degradation. Decrease in TOC and toxicity towards the end of the degradation experiments indicates further utilization of the intermediates. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02742-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Ghosh
- IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Present Address: Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Goa, Goa, India
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Dey AS, Bose H, Mohapatra B, Sar P. Biodegradation of Unpretreated Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) by Stenotrophomonas sp. and Achromobacter sp., Isolated From Waste Dumpsite and Drilling Fluid. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:603210. [PMID: 33391224 PMCID: PMC7775675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.603210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the catabolic repertoire of natural bacteria for biodegradation of plastics is one of the priority areas of biotechnology research. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is recalcitrant and poses serious threats to our environment. The present study explored the LDPE biodegradation potential of aerobic bacteria enriched from municipal waste dumpsite and bentonite based drilling fluids from a deep subsurface drilling operation. Considerable bacterial growth coupled with significant weight loss of the LDPE beads (∼8%), change in pH to acidic condition and biofilm cell growth around the beads (CFU count 105-106/cm2) were noted for two samples (P and DF2). The enriched microbial consortia thus obtained displayed high (65-90%) cell surface hydrophobicity, confirming their potential toward LDPE adhesion as well as biofilm formation. Two LDPE degrading bacterial strains affiliated to Stenotrophomonas sp. and Achromobacter sp. were isolated as pure culture from P and DF2 enrichments. 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates indicated their taxonomic novelty. Further biodegradation studies provided strong evidence toward the LDPE metabolizing ability of these two organisms. Atomic Fore Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed considerable damage (in terms of formation of cracks, grooves, etc.) on the micrometric surface of the LDPE film. Analysis of the average roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq), average height (Rz), maximum peak height (Rp), and maximum valley depth (Rv) (nano-roughness parameters) through AFM indicated 2-3 fold increase in nano-roughness of the LDPE film. FTIR analysis suggested incorporation of alkoxy (1000-1090 cm-1), acyl (1220 cm-1), nitro (1500-1600 cm-1), carbonyl (1720 cm-1) groups into the carbon backbone, formation of N-O stretching (1360 cm-1) and chain scission (905 cm-1) in the microbially treated LDPEs. Increase in carbonyl index (15-20 fold), double bond index (1.5-2 fold) and terminal double bond index (30-40 fold) confirmed that biodegraded LDPEs had undergone oxidation, vinylene formation and chain scission. The data suggested that oxidation and dehydrogenation could be the key steps allowing formation of low molecular weight products suitable for their further mineralization by the test bacteria. The study highlighted LDPE degrading ability of natural bacteria and provided the opportunity for their development in plastic remediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Sundar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur,, India
| | - Himadri Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur,, India
| | - Balaram Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur,, India
| | - Pinaki Sar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur,, India
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Li L, Shen X, Zhao C, Liu Q, Liu X, Wu Y. Biodegradation of dibenzothiophene by efficient Pseudomonas sp. LKY-5 with the production of a biosurfactant. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:50-57. [PMID: 30921696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A potent bacterial strain capable of degrading dibenzothiophene (DBT) was isolated and evaluated for its characteristics. The strain, designated as LKY-5, is rod-shaped, gram-negative, and occurs mainly in clusters. It was identified as belonging to the Pseudomonas genus based on the 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenic analysis. Determination of its DBT depletion efficiency by gas chromatography revealed that the isolate was able to completely degrade up to 100 mg L-1 DBT within 144 h. The pH values, DBT concentrations, and biomasses in the medium varied significantly in the initial 24 h. A biosurfactant produced by LKY-5 was extracted and identified as a di-rhamnolipid with the formula Rha-Rha-C8-C8:1 by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. There were 26 metabolites in the DBT degradation process. Pseudomonas sp. LKY-5 exhibited unusually high DBT degradation efficiency via multiple metabolic pathways. Compared with the reported 4S and Kodama pathways, two more expanded metabolic pathways for the degradation of DBT are proposed. The polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) in diesel, such as C1-DBT, C2-DBT, C3-DBT, 4,6-DMDBT, and 2,4,6-TMDBT, can also be degraded with 28.2-42.3% efficiency. The results showed that LKY-5 is an excellent bacterial candidate for the bioremediation of PASH-contaminated sites and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, 102206, PR China; College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China.
| | - Xianwei Shen
- Qingdao Dongjiakou Economic Zone Management Committee, Qingdao, Shandong, 266409, China
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Qiyou Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xuwei Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China
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5
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Martínez I, El-Said Mohamed M, Santos VE, García JL, García-Ochoa F, Díaz E. Metabolic and process engineering for biodesulfurization in Gram-negative bacteria. J Biotechnol 2017; 262:47-55. [PMID: 28947364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial desulfurization or biodesulfurization (BDS) is an attractive low-cost and environmentally friendly complementary technology to the hydrotreating chemical process based on the potential of certain bacteria to specifically remove sulfur from S-heterocyclic compounds of crude fuels that are recalcitrant to the chemical treatments. The 4S or Dsz sulfur specific pathway for dibenzothiophene (DBT) and alkyl-substituted DBTs, widely used as model S-heterocyclic compounds, has been extensively studied at the physiological, biochemical and genetic levels mainly in Gram-positive bacteria. Nevertheless, several Gram-negative bacteria have been also used in BDS because they are endowed with some properties, e.g., broad metabolic versatility and easy genetic and genomic manipulation, that make them suitable chassis for systems metabolic engineering strategies. A high number of recombinant bacteria, many of which are Pseudomonas strains, have been constructed to overcome the major bottlenecks of the desulfurization process, i.e., expression of the dsz operon, activity of the Dsz enzymes, retro-inhibition of the Dsz pathway, availability of reducing power, uptake-secretion of substrate and intermediates, tolerance to organic solvents and metals, and other host-specific limitations. However, to attain a BDS process with industrial applicability, it is necessary to apply all the knowledge and advances achieved at the genetic and metabolic levels to the process engineering level, i.e., kinetic modelling, scale-up of biphasic systems, enhancing mass transfer rates, biocatalyst separation, etc. The production of high-added value products derived from the organosulfur material present in oil can be regarded also as an economically viable process that has barely begun to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martínez
- Environmental Biology Department, Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M El-Said Mohamed
- Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - V E Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - J L García
- Environmental Biology Department, Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) (University of Valencia-CSIC), 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - F García-Ochoa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - E Díaz
- Environmental Biology Department, Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang J, Li L, Liu J. Effects of irrigation and water content of packing materials on a thermophilic biofilter for SO2 removal: Performance, oxygen distribution and microbial population. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tatangelo V, Mangili I, Caracino P, Anzano M, Najmi Z, Bestetti G, Collina E, Franzetti A, Lasagni M. Biological devulcanization of ground natural rubber by Gordonia desulfuricans DSM 44462T strain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8931-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Abbasian F, Palanisami T, Megharaj M, Naidu R, Lockington R, Ramadass K. Microbial diversity and hydrocarbon degrading gene capacity of a crude oil field soil as determined by metagenomics analysis. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:638-48. [PMID: 26914145 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Soils contaminated with crude oil are rich sources of enzymes suitable for both degradation of hydrocarbons through bioremediation processes and improvement of crude oil during its refining steps. Due to the long term selection, crude oil fields are unique environments for the identification of microorganisms with the ability to produce these enzymes. In this metagenomic study, based on Hiseq Illumina sequencing of samples obtained from a crude oil field and analysis of data on MG-RAST, Actinomycetales (9.8%) were found to be the dominant microorganisms, followed by Rhizobiales (3.3%). Furthermore, several functional genes were found in this study, mostly belong to Actinobacteria (12.35%), which have a role in the metabolism of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (2.51%), desulfurization (0.03%), element shortage (5.6%), and resistance to heavy metals (1.1%). This information will be useful for assisting in the application of microorganisms in the removal of hydrocarbon contamination and/or for improving the quality of crude oil. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:638-648, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouz Abbasian
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin Lockington
- Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Future Industry Institute (FFI), University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Future Industry Institute (FFI), University of South Australia, Australia
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Zhang J, Li L, Liu J. Temporal variation of microbial population in a thermophilic biofilter for SO₂ removal. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 39:4-12. [PMID: 26899638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a biofilter relies on the activity of microorganisms during the gas contaminant treatment process. In this study, SO2 was treated using a laboratory-scale biofilter packed with polyurethane foam cubes (PUFC), on which thermophilic desulfurization bacteria were attached. The thermophilic biofilter effectively reduced SO2 within 10months of operation time, with a maximum elimination capacity of 48.29 g/m(3)/hr. Temporal shifts in the microbial population in the thermophilic biofilter were determined through polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence analysis. The substrate species and environmental conditions in the biofilter influenced the microbial population. Oxygen distribution in the PUFC was analyzed using a microelectrode. When the water-containing rate in PUFC was over 98%, the oxygen distribution presented aerobic-anoxic-aerobic states along the test route on the PUFC. The appearance of sulfate-reducing bacteria was caused by the anaerobic conditions and sulfate formation after 4months of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Abbasian F, Lockington R, Palanisami T, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Multiwall carbon nanotubes increase the microbial community in crude oil contaminated fresh water sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 539:370-380. [PMID: 26372939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since crude oil contamination is one of the biggest environmental concerns, its removal from contaminated sites is of interest for both researchers and industries. In situ bioremediation is a promising technique for decreasing or even eliminating crude oil and hydrocarbon contamination. However, since these compounds are potentially toxic for many microorganisms, high loads of contamination can inhibit the microbial community and therefore reduce the removal rate. Therefore, any strategy with the ability to increase the microbial population in such circumstances can be of promise in improving the remediation process. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes were employed to support microbial growth in sediments contaminated with crude oil. Following spiking of fresh water sediments with different concentrations of crude oil alone and in a mixture with carbon nanotubes for 30days, the microbial profiles in these sediments were obtained using FLX-pyrosequencing. Next, the ratios of each member of the microbial population in these sediments were compared with those values in the untreated control sediment. This study showed that combination of crude oil and carbon nanotubes can increase the diversity of the total microbial population. Furthermore, these treatments could increase the ratios of several microorganisms that are known to be effective in the degradation of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouz Abbasian
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Robin Lockington
- Centre of Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Australia.
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Elmi F, Etemadifar Z, Emtiazi G. A novel metabolite (1,3-benzenediol, 5-hexyl) production by Exophiala spinifera strain FM through dibenzothiophene desulfurization. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:813-21. [PMID: 25752234 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide which is released from petroleum oil combustion causes pollution over the atmosphere and the soil. Biodesulfurization can be used as a complementary method of hydrodesulfurization, the common method of petroleum desulfurization in refineries. Many studies have been carried out to develop biological desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) with bacterial biocatalysts. However, fungi are capable to metabolize a wide range of aromatic hydrocarbons through cytochrome P450 and their extracellular enzymes. The aim of the present work was isolation and identification of fungi biocatalysts capable for DBT utilization as sulfur source and production of novel metabolites. DBT consumption and the related produced metabolites were analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS respectively. One of the isolated fungi that could utilize DBT as sole sulfur source was identified by both traditional and molecular experiments and registered in NCBI as Exophiala spinifera FM strain (accession no. KC952672). This strain could desulfurize 99 % of DBT (0.3 mM) as sulfur source by co-metabolism reaction with other carbon sources through the same pathway as 4S and produced 2-hydroxy biphenyl (2-HBP) during 7 days of incubation at 30 °C and 180 rpm shaking. However, the isolate was able to transform 2-HBP to 1,3-benzenediol, 5-hexyl. While biphenyl compounds are toxic to leaving cells, biotransformation of them can reduce their toxicity and the fungi will be more tolerant to the final product. These data are the first report about the desulfurization of DBT comparable to 4S-pathway and production of innovative metabolite by E. spinifera FM strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Elmi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Hezarjarib St, Isfahan, Iran,
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Khedkar S, Shanker R. Isolation and classification of a soil actinomycete capable of sulphur-specific biotransformation of dibenzothiophene, benzothiophene and thianthrene. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:62-74. [PMID: 25319398 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To isolate actinomycete spp with the ability to desulphurize sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds present in petroleum. METHODS AND RESULTS Enrichment cultures were set up to select and isolate sulphur heterocycle metabolizing soil micro-organisms. Screening of the microbial isolates for the desulphurization property led to isolation of R3. The isolate was characterized by PCR screening of 16S rRNA genes and classical taxonomic investigations. HPLC analysis of the desulphurization assays with R3 showed ~85% transformation of dibenzothiophene (270 μmol l(-1)), present as the sole sulphur source in basal salt medium, in 4 days. Production of the desulphurized dibenzothiophene metabolite, 2-hydroxybiphenyl, was confirmed by GC/MS analyses. GC/MS analyses also established the ability of R3 to transform benzothiophene to benzothiophene-1-oxide and benzothiophene-1, 1-dioxide, and thianthrene to thianthrene-5-oxide. PCR primers computed based on the desulphurization operon (dszABC) of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 yielded the predicted amplification products with R3 genomic DNA as template. Southern hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion profiles indicated that R3 amplicons were homologous to dsz AB. CONCLUSIONS The enrichment method used in this study yielded an environmental isolate with the ability to transform multiple sulphur heterocycles. The isolate R3 has taxonomic proximity to the Oerskovia sp, order Actinomycetales. The isolate R3 selectively removes sulphur from dibenzothiophene yielding 2-hydroxybiphenyl and sulphate. R3 also transforms benzothiophene and thianthrene in a sulphur-targeted manner. The desulphurization genes in R3 bear similarity to those in R. erythropolis IGTS8. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The actinomycetes present in soil can remove sulphur from different sulphur heterocycle substrates and have potential as biodesulphurization catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khedkar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Buzanello EB, Rezende RP, Sousa FMO, Marques EDLS, Loguercio LL. A novel Bacillus pumilus-related strain from tropical landfarm soil is capable of rapid dibenzothiophene degradation and biodesulfurization. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:257. [PMID: 25293673 PMCID: PMC4197255 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of organic sulfur-containing compounds in the environment is harmful to animals and human health. The combustion of these compounds in fossil fuels tends to release sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, which leads to acid rain, corrosion, damage to crops, and an array of other problems. The process of biodesulfurization rationally exploits the ability of certain microorganisms in the removal of sulfur prior to fuel burning, without loss of calorific value. In this sense, we hypothesized that bacterial isolates from tropical landfarm soils can demonstrate the ability to degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT), the major sulfur-containing compound present in fuels. RESULTS Nine bacterial isolates previously obtained from a tropical landfarm soil were tested for their ability to degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT). An isolate labeled as RR-3 has shown the best performance and was further characterized in the present study. Based on physiological aspects and 16 s rDNA sequencing, this isolate was found to be very closely related to the Bacillus pumillus species. During its growth, high levels of DBT were removed in the first 24 hours, and a rapid DBT degradation within the first hour of incubation was observed when resting cells were used. Detection of 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP), a marker for the 4S pathway, suggests this strain has metabolical capability for DBT desulfurization. The presence of MgSO4 in growth medium as an additional sulfur source has interfered with DBT degradation. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that a Bacillus strain can metabolize DBT via the 4S pathway. However, further evidences suggest RR-3 can also use DBT (and/or its derivative metabolites) as carbon/sulfur source through another type of metabolism. Compared to other reported DBT-degrading strains, the RR-3 isolate showed the highest capacity for DBT degradation ever described in quantitative terms. The potential application of this isolate for the biodesulfurization of this sulfur-containing compound in fuels prior to combustion was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizandra Bruschi Buzanello
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz - UESC, Rod. BR 415, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. .,Faculty São Miguel do Iguaçu - UNIGUAÇU/FAESI, Rua Valentin Celeste Palavro, 1501, Jardim Panorama, 85877-000, São Miguel do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz - UESC, Rod. BR 415, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Maria Oliveira Sousa
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz - UESC, Rod. BR 415, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Eric de Lima Silva Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz - UESC, Rod. BR 415, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Lopes Loguercio
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz - UESC, Rod. BR 415, Km 16, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
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Elango V, Urbano M, Lemelle KR, Pardue JH. Biodegradation of MC252 oil in oil:sand aggregates in a coastal headland beach environment. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:161. [PMID: 24782849 PMCID: PMC3989593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique oil:sand aggregates, termed surface residue balls (SRBs), were formed on coastal headland beaches along the northern Gulf of Mexico as emulsified MC252 crude oil mixed with sand following the Deepwater Horizon spill event. The objective of this study is to assess the biodegradation potential of crude oil components in these aggregates using multiple lines of evidence on a heavily-impacted coastal headland beach in Louisiana, USA. SRBs were sampled over a 19-month period on the supratidal beach environment with reasonable control over and knowledge of the residence time of the aggregates on the beach surface. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkane concentration ratios were measured including PAH/C30-hopane, C2/C3 phenanthrenes, C2/C3 dibenzothiophenes and alkane/C30-hopane and demonstrated that biodegradation was occurring in SRBs in the supratidal. These biodegradation reactions occurred over time frames relevant to the coastal processes moving SRBs off the beach. In contrast, submerged oil mat samples from the intertidal did not demonstrate chemical changes consistent with biodegradation. Review and analysis of additional biogeochemical parameters suggested the existence of a moisture and nutrient-limited biodegradation regime on the supratidal beach environment. At this location, SRBs possess moisture contents <2% and molar C:N ratios from 131–323, well outside of optimal values for biodegradation in the literature. Despite these limitations, biodegradation of PAHs and alkanes proceeded at relevant rates (2–8 year−1) due in part to the presence of degrading populations, i.e., Mycobacterium sp., adapted to these conditions. For submerged oil mat samples in the intertidal, an oxygen and salinity-impacted regime is proposed that severely limits biodegradation of alkanes and PAHs in this environment. These results support the hypothesis that SRBs deposited at different locations on the beach have different biogeochemical characteristics (e.g., moisture, salinity, terminal electron acceptors, nutrient, and oil composition) due, in part, to their location on the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaikrishnah Elango
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Marilany Urbano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kendall R Lemelle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John H Pardue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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15
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Urbano M, Elango V, Pardue JH. Biogeochemical characterization of MC252 oil:sand aggregates on a coastal headland beach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 77:183-191. [PMID: 24210008 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MC252 oil:sand aggregates, termed surface residue balls (SRBs), were sampled for physical, chemical and microbial characteristics from different tidal zones on a coastal headland beach in Louisiana, USA. Supratidal SRBs were smaller, had low moisture content, and salinities that were <2 ppt. Intertidal SRBs were hypersaline and had higher N and sulfate concentrations, consistent with regular tidal inundation. Crude oil components were highest in the intertidal "oil mat" SRBs with C1- and C2-phenanthrenes, C2- and C3-dibenzothiophenes comprising the majority of the PAH concentrations. In the other SRB categories, PAHs and alkanes were depleted and profiles were skewed toward higher molecular weight compounds. Oxygen microelectrode measurements demonstrated that saturated O2 is present immediately after wetting, but O2 consumption in the interior of the aggregate occurs after a few days. Microbial populations varied with position on the beach but sequences similar to known PAH-degrading taxa (Mycobacterium sp. and Stenotrophomonas sp.) were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilany Urbano
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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16
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Seo JS. Multiple pathways in the degradation of dibenzothiophene by Mycobacterium aromativorans strain JS19b1T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-2106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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