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Chook CYB, Chen FM, Leung FP, Chen ZY, Wong WT. Potential of crocodile blood as a medication and dietary supplement: A systemic review. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1043-1058. [PMID: 33987869 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crocodile blood has long been used as a traditional medicine in many Asian countries to treat diseases such as asthma, allergies, and many others. Yet, only recently has the safety and effectiveness of using crocodile blood as a medicine been examined using modern scientific methods; with both conserved and novel active components identified from crocodile blood. Further in vitro and in vivo investigations found that crocodile blood can have a wide range of beneficial effects, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antitumour effects, anti-anaemia, and enhancement of wound healing. A systematic research of literature published in English-language journals up to April 2020 was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Based on the biological and chemical knowledge of crocodile immunity and crocodile blood, this article aims to: provide a critical review on the proposed properties of crocodile blood, identify the knowledge gap and offer some insights for future investigations regarding the use of crocodile blood as a medication or dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Yiu Bamboo Chook
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis M Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fung Ping Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Odetti LM, Paravani EV, Simoniello MF, Poletta GL. Identification and evaluation of antioxidant and reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in blood of Caiman latirostris. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06253. [PMID: 33659756 PMCID: PMC7895747 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been one of the most promising approaches to perform rapid and accurate quantification of DNA in various biological systems. The aim of this study was to standardized the qPCR technique for the analysis of important genes involved in the main routes of antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species (catalase: cat and superoxide dismutase: sod) and evaluate the stability of different reference genes in blood of Caiman latirostris hatchlings. The stability of the reference genes, β-actin, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and ribosomal protein L8 (rpl8) was determined using the comparative ΔCt, NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper and RefFinder. Then, cat and sod genes were normalized with each reference gene and their mRNA abundances were determined through the qPCR. Stability of genes was ranked through the different methods in the following order: β-actin, rpl8 and gapdh , under normal physiological conditions. The results reveal that cat and sod genes present a similar relative mRNA abundance with β-actin and rpl8. This is the first report of the analysis of antioxidant mRNA as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in blood for all crocodilians species. Besides, we determined the stability of different reference genes that can be used for normalization of mRNA abundance patterns in blood of C. latirostris, without the need to sacrifice the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M. Odetti
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique V. Paravani
- Lab. de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica. Facultad de Ingeniería–UNER, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - María F. Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gisela L. Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Proyecto Yacaré-Lab. de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias-Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Jeyamogan S, Khan NA, Sagathevan K, Siddiqui R. Crocodylus porosus: a potential source of anticancer molecules. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 4:e100040. [PMID: 35047686 PMCID: PMC8749261 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2019-100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer remains a global threat resulting in significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in therapeutic interventions, suggesting urgency for identification of anticancer agents. Crocodiles thrive in polluted habitat, feed on germ-infested meat, are exposed to carcinogenic heavy metals, are the very few species to survive the catastrophic Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, yet have a prolonged lifespan and rarely been reported to develop cancer. Therefore, we hypothesised that animals living in polluted environments such as crocodiles possess anticancer molecules/mechanisms. Methods Crocodylus porosus was procured, blood collected, dissected and lysates prepared from internal organs. Organ lysates and sera were tested for growth inhibition, cytotoxic effects and cell survival against HeLa, PC3 and MCF7 cells and subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RNA transcriptome analysis and differential gene analysis were performed using Galaxy Bioinformatics. Results Sera exhibited potent growth inhibition and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. 80 molecules were detected from C. porosus and 19 molecules were putatively identified. Additionally, more than 100 potential anticancer peptides were identified from sera using bioinformatics based on peptide amino acid composition, binary profile, dipeptide composition and pseudo-amino acid composition. Following transcriptome analysis, 14 genes in treated HeLa cells, 51 genes in treated MCF7 cells and 2 genes in treated PC3 cells, were found to be expressed, compared with untreated controls. Conclusion Animals residing in polluted milieus are an unexploited source for prospective pharmaceutical drugs, and could lead to identification of novel antitumour compound(s) and/or further understanding of the mechanisms of cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareni Jeyamogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - K Sagathevan
- Science and Technology, Sunway College, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Xu J, Cai X, Teng S, Lu J, Zhou Y, Wang X, Meng Z. The Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Tamarixetin on Liver Cancer Cells Via Regulation Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:647-660. [PMID: 31093908 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xinhao Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shanshan Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Department of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Animals living in polluted environments are a potential source of anti-tumor molecule(s). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:919-924. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mao XM, Fu QR, Li HL, Zheng YH, Chen SM, Hu XY, Chen QX, Chen QH. Crocodile choline from Crocodylus siamensis induces apoptosis of human gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694320. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocodile choline, an active compound isolated from Crocodylus siamensis, was found to exert potent anti-cancer activities against human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed that crocodile choline led to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase through attenuating the expressions of cyclins, Cyclin B1, and CDK-1. Furthermore, crocodile choline accelerated apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway with the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, the increase in reactive oxygen species production and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the activation of caspase-3 along with the release of cytochrome c. In addition, this study, for the first time, shows that Notch pathway is remarkably deregulated by crocodile choline. The combination of crocodile choline and Notch1 short interfering RNA led to dramatically increased cytotoxicity than observed with either agent alone. Notch1 short interfering RNA sensitized and potentiated the capability of crocodile choline to suppress the cell progression and invasion of gastric cancer. Taken together, these data suggested that crocodile choline was a potent progression inhibitor of gastric cancer cells, which was correlated with mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and Notch pathway. Combining Notch1 inhibitors with crocodile choline might represent a novel approach for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi-Rui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong-Hua Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Tian L, Deng YT, Dong X, Fan JY, Li HL, Ding YM, Peng WX, Chen QX, Shen DY. Siamese crocodile bile induces apoptosis in NCI-H1299 human non-small cell lung cancer cells via a mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway and inhibits tumorigenesis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1727-1737. [PMID: 28259903 PMCID: PMC5364959 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a widespread and particularly aggressive form of cancer. Patients with NSCLC and early metastases typically have poor prognosis, highlighting the critical need for additional drugs to improve disease outcome following surgical resection. The present study aimed to determine if Siamese crocodile bile (SCB) had an anti‑cancer effect on NCI‑H1299 human NSCLC cells. The inhibitory mechanism of SCB was examined in cell culture and nude mice. In vitro experimental results revealed that SCB inhibited the proliferation and colony‑forming ability of NCI‑H1299 cells by arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. The loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c indicated that SCB treatment may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in NCI‑H1299 cells. At the molecular level, SCB altered the ratio of protein expression of Bax/Bcl‑2 and activated associated caspases, suggesting that intrinsic pathway involvement in the SCB‑induced apoptosis of NCI‑H1299 cells. In the in vivo experiments, intraperitoneal injection of SCB for 4 weeks inhibited xenograft tumor growth by 46.8% without observable toxicity in nude mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and vascular endothelial growth factor also revealed that SCB inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC xenograft tumors. Overall, SCB exerted an anti-cancer effect on NCI‑H1299 human NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo and may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of human NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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Li HL, Deng YT, Zhang ZR, Fu QR, Zheng YH, Cao XM, Nie J, Fu LW, Chen LP, Xiong YX, Shen DY, Chen QX. EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS IN A NOVEL WOUND HEALING OINTMENT-CROCODILE OIL BURN OINTMENT. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2016; 14:62-72. [PMID: 28480384 PMCID: PMC5411886 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Crocodile oil and its products are used as ointments for burns and scalds in traditional medicines. A new ointment formulation - crocodile oil burn ointment (COBO) was developed to provide more efficient wound healing activity. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the burn healing efficacy of this new formulation by employing deep second-degree burns in a Wistar rat model. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of COBO were also studied to provide some evidences for its further use. Materials and methods: The wound healing potential of this formulation was evaluated by employing a deep second-degree burn rat model and the efficiency was comparatively assessed against a reference ointment - (1% wt/wt) silver sulfadiazine (SSD). After 28 days, the animals were euthanized and the wounds were removed for transversal and longitudinal histological studies. Acetic acid-induced writhing in mice was used to evaluate the analgesic activity and its anti-inflammatory activity was observed in xylene -induced edema in mice. Results: COBO enhanced the burn wound healing (20.5±1.3 d) as indicated by significant decrease in wound closure time compared with the burn control (25.0±2.16 d) (P<0.01). Hair follicles played an importance role in the physiological functions of the skin, and their growth in the wound could be revealed for the skin regeneration situation. Histological results showed that the hair follicles were well-distributed in the post-burn skin of COBO treatment group, and the amounts of total, active, primary and secondary hair follicles in post-burn 28-day skin of COBO treatment groups were more than those in burn control and SSD groups. On the other hand, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of COBO were much better than those of control group, while they were very close to those of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO). Conclusions: COBO accelerated wound closure, reduced inflammation, and had analgesic effects compared with SSD in deep second degree rat burn model. These findings suggest that COBO would be a potential therapy for treating human burns. Abbreviations: COBO, crocodile oil burn ointment; SSD, silver sulfadiazine; MEBO, moist exposed burn ointment; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; CHM, Chinese herbal medicine; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Guangzhou TuoLong Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zi-Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qi-Rui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing-Mei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li-Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - You-Xiong Xiong
- Guangzhou TuoLong Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Fu QR, Song W, Deng YT, Li HL, Mao XM, Lin CL, Zheng YH, Chen SM, Chen QH, Chen QX. ESC-3 induces apoptosis of human ovarian carcinomas through Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:241-251. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Srigopalram S, Jayraaj IA, Kaleeswaran B, Balamurugan K, Ranjithkumar M, Kumar TS, Park JI, Nou IS. Ellagic acid normalizes mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and attenuates inflammation-mediated cell proliferation in experimental liver cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:2254-66. [PMID: 24972653 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite great advances in our understanding of the molecular causes of liver cancer, significant gaps still remain in our knowledge of the disease pathogenesis and development of effective strategies for early diagnosis and treatment. The present study was conducted to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of ellagic acid (EA) against experimental liver cancer in rats. This is the first report that implies a possible role of EA in controlling liver cancer through activation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability via activating proteins such as Bax, bcl-2, cyt-C, and caspase-9, which play important roles in apoptosis. Downregulation of NF-κB, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were noted in EA-treated experimental rats and controlled inflammation mediated liver cancer when compared to the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced group. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the livers of experimental rats demonstrated that EA treatment renovated its internal architecture. Overall, these results demonstrate the value of molecular approaches in identifying the potential role of EA as an effective chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Srigopalram
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 540-950, South Korea
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Song W, Tian L, Li SS, Shen DY, Chen QX. The aberrant expression and localization of prohibitin during apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma Mz-ChA-1 cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:422-8. [PMID: 24380853 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the aberrant expression and shift in localization of prohibitin (PHB) during apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Our study demonstrated that PHB was expressed primarily in the cytoplasm and only a little in the nucleus. However, PHB expression significantly decreased, and its localization shifted from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during apoptosis. PHB co-localized with AIF, Rb, p53, and c-Fos, but the region of co-localization was altered after treatment. Meanwhile, we detected a direct interaction between PHB and both p53 and Rb in Mz-ChA-1 cells. These results suggest that the altered localization and expression of PHB, as well as its co-localization with related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, can affect the apoptosis of Mz-ChA-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467044, China
| | - Ling Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Center Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Song W, Yang HB, Chen P, Wang SM, Zhao LP, Xu WH, Fan HF, Gu X, Chen LY. Apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 induced by deoxycholic acid via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1061-71. [PMID: 23943012 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of deoxycholic acid (DCA) on human gastric carcinoma cell lines and to explore its mechanisms. In the present study, effects of DCA on SGC-7901 cell growth, cell cycle, and apoptosis were investigated by MTT assay, inverted microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, PI single- and FITC/PI double-staining flow cytometry, and western blotting. The study have revealed that DCA significantly inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. SGC-7901 cells showed typical apoptotic morphological changes after treated with DCA for 48 h. The intensity of typical apoptosis pattern- "ladders" formed by DNA in fragments of multiples of 200 base pairs was also observed. Apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells induced by DCA were associated with collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. DCA treatment could also increase the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in SGC-7901 cells. Meanwhile, the expression of p53, cyclinD1, and c-Myc were changed after DCA treatment. These results suggest that DCA induces apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells through an intrinsic mitochondrial-dependent pathway, and the increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential may play important roles in DCA-induced apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467044, Henan, China
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