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Al-Mamoori ZZ, Embaby AM, Hussein A, Mahmoud HE. A molecular study on recombinant pullulanase type I from Metabacillus indicus. AMB Express 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 37119334 PMCID: PMC10148936 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great potential of cold-adapted pullulanase type I in tremendous industrial applications, the majority of commercialized pullulnases type I are of mesophilic and thermophilic origin so far. Hence, the present study underlines cloning, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, characterization, and in silico structural modeling of Metabacillus indicus open reading frame of cold-adapted pullulanase type I (Pull_Met: 2133 bp & 710 a.a) for the first time ever. The predicted Pull_Met tertiary structure by I-TASSER, was structurally similar to PDB 2E9B pullulanase of Bacillus subtilis. Purified to homogeneity Pull_Met showed specific activity (667.6 U/mg), fold purification (31.7), molecular mass (79.1 kDa), monomeric subunit and Km (2.63 mg/mL) on pullulan. Pull_Met had optimal pH (6.0) and temperature (40 oC). After 10 h pre-incubation at pH 2.6-6.0, Pull_Met maintained 47.12 ± 0.0-35.28 ± 1.64% of its activity. After 120 min pre-incubation at 30 oC, the retained activity was 51.11 ± 0.29%. At 10 mM Mn2+, Na2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ after 30 min preincubation, retained activity was 155.89 ± 8.97, 134.71 ± 1.82, 97.64 ± 7.06, 92.25 ± 4.18, and 71.28 ± 1.10%, respectively. After 30 min pre-incubation with Tween-80, Tween-20, Triton X-100, and commercially laundry detergents at 0.1% (v/v), the retained activity was 141.15 ± 3.50, 145.45 ± 0.20, 118.12 ± 11.00, and 90%, respectively. Maltotriose was the only end product of pullulan hydrolysis. Synergistic action of CA-AM21 (α-amylase) and Pull_Met on starch liberated 16.51 g reducing sugars /g starch after 1 h at 40 oC. Present data (cold-adeptness, detergent stability, and ability to exhibit starch saccharification of Pull_Met) underpins it as a promising pullulanase type I for industrial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Z Al-Mamoori
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Embaby
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Hashemzaei M, Nezafat N, Ghoshoon MB, Negahdaripour M. In-silico selection of appropriate signal peptides for romiplostim secretory production in Escherichia coli. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Zhen J, Zheng H, Zhao X, Fu X, Yang S, Xu J, Song H, Ma Y. Regulate the hydrophobic motif to enhance the non-classical secretory expression of Pullulanase PulA in Bacillus subtilis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:238-246. [PMID: 34710472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis has been widely used as a prokaryotic host for the secretory expression of heterologous proteins. In this study, a pullulanase (PulA) from Anoxybacillus sp. LM18-11 was firstly identified to be expressed in Bacillus subtilis 1A751 through non-classical secretion pathway. Results showed that both the N- and C-terminal regions of PulA were essential for its soluble expression. To explore its specific structural basis of secretion in B. subtilis, we revealed a hydrophobic motif A501-H507 which is vital for the secretion of the whole protein of PulA. Through a series of site-specific mutagenesis, the triple-sites mutants R503E/I506E/H507E and R503E/I506Y/H507E showed the highest extracellular activity (160.07 U/mL) and total activity (243.37 U/mL) which was 1.71 times and 1.55 times higher than those of PulA. The highest secretion rate of mutant I506E/H507E was more than 50% which was 34.72% higher comparing with that of PulA. The glutamic acid substitution on these three key surface sites which decreased the surface hydrophobicity of that region was confirmed to be beneficial to improve the secretory expression of PulA. This novel discovery for the secretory expression of PulA in B. subtilis would make a new perspective on regulating a kind of non-classical secretion in B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhen
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongchen Zheng
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Xingya Zhao
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiaoping Fu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shibin Yang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Hui Song
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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4
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Duran-Bedolla J, Garza-Ramos U, Rodríguez-Medina N, Aguilar Vera A, Barrios-Camacho H. Exploring the environmental traits and applications of Klebsiella variicola. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2233-2245. [PMID: 34626346 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella variicola has been found in various natural niches, alone or in association with other bacteria, and causes diseases in animals and plants with important economic and environmental impacts. K. variicola has the capacity to fix nitrogen in the rhizosphere and soil; produces indole acetic acid, acetoin, and ammonia; and dissolves phosphorus and potassium, which play an important role in plant growth promotion and nutrition. Some members of K. variicola have properties such as halotolerance and alkalotolerance, conferring an evolutionary advantage. In the environmental protection, K. variicola can be used in the wastewater treatment, biodegradation, and bioremediation of polluted soil, either alone or in association with other organisms. In addition, it has the potential to carry out industrial processes in the food and pharmaceutical industries, like the production of maltose and glucose by the catalysis of debranching unmodified oligosaccharides by the pullulanase enzyme. Finally, this bacterium has the ability to transform chemical energy into electrical energy, such as a biocatalyst, which could be useful in the near future. These properties show that K. variicola should be considered an eco-friendly bacterium with hopeful technological promise. In this review, we explore the most significant aspects of K. variicola and highlight its potential applications in environmental and biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Duran-Bedolla
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ulises Garza-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nadia Rodríguez-Medina
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Aguilar Vera
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Funcional de Procariotes, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Humberto Barrios-Camacho
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad # 655, Col. Sta. Ma. Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Microbial starch debranching enzymes: Developments and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 50:107786. [PMID: 34147588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Starch debranching enzymes (SDBEs) hydrolyze the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as starch, amylopectin, pullulan and glycogen. SDBEs are also important enzymes for the preparation of sugar syrup, resistant starch and cyclodextrin. As the synergistic catalysis of SDBEs and other starch-acting hydrolases can effectively improve the raw material utilization and production efficiency during starch processing steps such as saccharification and modification, they have attracted substantial research interest in the past decades. The substrate specificities of the two major members of SDBEs, pullulanases and isoamylases, are quite different. Pullulanases generally require at least two α-1,4 linked glucose units existing on both sugar chains linked by the α-1,6 bond, while isoamylases require at least three units of α-1,4 linked glucose. SDBEs mainly belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 and 57. Except for GH57 type II pullulanse, GH13 pullulanases and isoamylases share plenty of similarities in sequence and structure of the core catalytic domains. However, the N-terminal domains, which might be one of the determinants contributing to the substrate binding of SDBEs, are distinct in different enzymes. In order to overcome the current defects of SDBEs in catalytic efficiency, thermostability and expression level, great efforts have been made to develop effective enzyme engineering and fermentation strategies. Herein, the diverse biochemical properties and distinct features in the sequence and structure of pullulanase and isoamylase from different sources are summarized. Up-to-date developments in the enzyme engineering, heterologous production and industrial applications of SDBEs is also reviewed. Finally, research perspective which could help understanding and broadening the applications of SDBEs are provided.
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Chi L, Wei J, Hou J, Wang J, Hu X, He P, Wei T. Optimizing the DO-stat protocol for enhanced production of thermostable pullulanase in Escherichia coli by using oxygen control strategies. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13173. [PMID: 32150658 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Production of a thermostable pullulanase by DO-stat fed-batch fermentation of recombinant Escherichia coli BL 21 was investigated in a 5 L of fermentor. The effect of three oxygen control strategies, glucose feedback, shifting fermentor pressure, and adding oxygen-enriched air, on cell growth and pullulanase expression were examined. The oxygen-transfer capacity was found to be enhanced with increasing fermentor pressure and oxygen ratio in oxygen-enriched air, but the cell growth and pullulanase production were restrained under high fermentor pressure. The highest cell density and pullulanase activity reached 55.1 g/L and 412 U/mL, respectively, in the case by adding oxygen-enriched air, which was suggested as an effective approach to enhance both cell growth and pullulanase production. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This thermostable pullulanase displayed optimal activity at 90°C and pH 5.4, which could be applied for one-step saccharification of starch biomass. The optimization of the DO-stat fed-batch fermentation in high cell density level would provide a research basis for its industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chi
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junchao Hou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peixin He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Nie Y, Zhou X, Bi J, Xu Y. Enhancement of pullulanase production from recombinant Bacillus subtilis by optimization of feeding strategy and fermentation conditions. AMB Express 2020; 10:11. [PMID: 31955316 PMCID: PMC6969872 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-0948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pullulanase is an important starch-debranching enzyme mostly used in starch processing-related food industries. However, the levels of pullulanase produced from recombinant Bacillus subtilis, a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) host, are generally limited. To enhance the activity of pullulanase, batch fermentation and fed-batch fermentation were systematically investigated. The overall purpose is to improve the fermentation yield by optimizing the feeding strategy in the fermentation process, thereby increasing the enzyme activity of pullulanase. Therefore, in this study, the feeding methods, the feeding ingredients, the feeding concentration, and pH values were studied in detail. The optimized fermentation conditions for pullulanase production from recombinant B. subtilis were determined as following: inoculum volume 7%, pH 6.5, the dissolved oxygen level 30%, and constant-rate feeding of 100 mL glucose solution (400 g L−1) in late logarithmic growth. The OD600 of recombinant B. subtilis and enzyme activity were 84.54 and 102.75 U mL−1, which were respectively 141% and 144% higher than that before optimization. These findings provided a prerequisite for further amplification of the fermentation system to obtain higher enzyme activity.
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Wang X, Nie Y, Xu Y. Industrially produced pullulanases with thermostability: Discovery, engineering, and heterologous expression. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:360-371. [PMID: 30709762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pullulanases (EC 3.2.1.41) are well-known starch-debranching enzymes widely used to hydrolyze α-1,6-glucosidic linkages in starch, pullulan, amylopectin, and other oligosaccharides, with application potentials in food, brewing, and pharmaceutical industries. Although extensive studies are done to discover and express pullulanases, only few are available with desirable characteristics for industrial applications. This raises the challenge to mine new enzyme sources, engineer proteins based on sequence/structure, and regulate expressions. We review here the identification of extremophilic and mesophilic microbes as sources of industrial pullulanases with desirable characteristics, including acid-resistance, thermostability, and psychrotrophism. We present current advances in site-directed mutagenesis and sequence/structure-guided protein engineering of pullulanases. In addition, we discuss heterologous expression of pullulanases in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial systems, and address the effectiveness of the expression elements and their regulation of enzyme production. Finally, we indicate future research needs to develop desired industrial pullulanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The 2011 Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Akassou M, Groleau D. Advances and challenges in the production of extracellular thermoduric pullulanases by wild-type and recombinant microorganisms: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:337-350. [PMID: 30700157 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1566202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermoduric pullulanases, acting as starch-debranching enzymes, are required in many industrial applications, mainly in the production of concentrated glucose, maltose, and fructose syrups. To date, however, a single pullulanase, from Bacillus acidopullulyticus, is available on the market for industrial purposes. This review is an investigation of the major advances as well as the major challenges being faced with regard to optimization of the production of extracellular thermoduric pullulanases either by their original hosts or by recombinant organisms. The critical aspects linked to industrial pullulanase production, which should always be considered, are emphasized, including those parameters influencing solubility, thermostability, and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. This review provides new insights for improving the production of extracellular thermoduric pullulanases in the hope that such information may facilitate their commercial utilization and potentially be applied to the development of other industrially relevant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Akassou
- a Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
| | - Denis Groleau
- a Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnological Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, University of Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke , Canada
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Deng Y, Nie Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu Y. Improved inducible expression of Bacillus naganoensis pullulanase from recombinant Bacillus subtilis by enhancer regulation. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 148:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhang K, Su L, Wu J. Enhanced extracellular pullulanase production in Bacillus subtilis using protease-deficient strains and optimal feeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5089-5103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yang S, Yan Q, Bao Q, Liu J, Jiang Z. Expression and biochemical characterization of a novel type I pullulanase from Bacillus megaterium. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 39:397-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Enhancement of extracellular expression of Bacillus naganoensis pullulanase from recombinant Bacillus subtilis: Effects of promoter and host. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 124:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang X, Nie Y, Mu X, Xu Y, Xiao R. Disorder prediction-based construct optimization improves activity and catalytic efficiency of Bacillus naganoensis pullulanase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24574. [PMID: 27091115 PMCID: PMC4835747 DOI: 10.1038/srep24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pullulanase is a well-known starch-debranching enzyme. However, the production level of pullulanase is yet low in both wide-type strains and heterologous expression systems. We predicted the disorder propensities of Bacillus naganoensis pullulanase (PUL) using the bioinformatics tool, Disorder Prediction Meta-Server. On the basis of disorder prediction, eight constructs, including PULΔN5, PULΔN22, PULΔN45, PULΔN64, PULΔN78 and PULΔN106 by deleting the first 5, 22, 45, 64, 78 and 106 residues from the N-terminus, and PULΔC9 and PULΔC36 by deleting the last 9 and 36 residues from the C-terminus, were cloned into the recombinant expression vector pET-28a-PelB and auto-induced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. All constructs were evaluated in production level, specific activities and kinetic parameters. Both PULΔN5 and PULΔN106 gave higher production levels of protein than the wide type and displayed increased specific activities. Kinetic studies showed that substrate affinities of the mutants were improved in various degrees and the catalytic efficiency of PULΔN5, PULΔN45, PULΔN78, PULΔN106 and PULΔC9 were enhanced. However, the truncated mutations did not change the advantageous properties of the enzyme involving optimum temperature and pH for further application. Therefore, Disorder prediction-based truncation would be helpful to efficiently improve the enzyme activity and catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Mu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The 2011 Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Pullulanase of Klebsiella variicola for Enhancing Thermostability and Catalytic Efficiency. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1736-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Auto-induction-based Rapid Evaluation of Extracellular Enzyme Expression from Lac Operator-involved Recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2516-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Nie Y, Yan W, Xu Y, Chen WB, Mu XQ, Wang X, Xiao R. High-level expression of Bacillus naganoensis pullulanase from recombinant Escherichia coli with auto-induction: effect of lac operator. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78416. [PMID: 24194930 PMCID: PMC3806784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pullulanase plays an important role in specific hydrolysis of branch points in amylopectin and is generally employed as an important enzyme in starch-processing industry. So far, however, the production level of pullulanase is still somewhat low from wide-type strains and even heterologous expression systems. Here the gene encoding Bacillus naganoensis pullulanase was amplified and cloned. For expression of the protein, two recombinant systems, Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)/pET-20b(+)-pul and E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-22b(+)-pul, were constructed, both bearing T7 promoter and signal peptide sequence, but different in the existance of lac operator and lacI gene encoding lac repressor. Recombinant pullulanase was initially expressed with the activity of up to 14 U/mL by E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-20b(+)-pul with IPTG induction in LB medium, but its expression level reduced continually with the extension of cryopreservation time and basal expression was observed. However, E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-22b(+)-pul , involving lac operator downstream of T7 promoter to regulate foreign gene transcription, exhibited pullulanase activity consistently without detected basal expression. By investigating the effect of lac operator, basal expression of foreign protein was found to cause expression instability and negative effect on production of target protein. Thus double-repression strategy was proposed that lac operators in both chromosome and plasmid were bound with lac repressor to repress T7 RNA polymerase synthesis and target protein expression before induction. Consequently, the total activity of pullulanase was remarkably increased to 580 U/mL with auto-induction by lac operator-involved E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-22b(+)-pul. When adding 0.6% glycine in culture, the extracellular production of pullulanase was significantly improved with the extracellular activity of 502 U/mL, which is a relatively higher level achieved to date for extracellular production of pullulanase. The successful expression of pullulanase with lac operator regulation provides an efficient way for enhancement of expression stability and hence high-level production of target protein in recombinant E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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18
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Duan X, Chen J, Wu J. Optimization of pullulanase production in Escherichia coli by regulation of process conditions and supplement with natural osmolytes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:379-385. [PMID: 23948275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of temperature, IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) concentration, and osmolytes (proline, K-glutamate, and betaine) on cell growth and soluble pullulanase productivity of recombinant Escherichia coli were investigated. The yield of soluble pullulanase was found to be enhanced with decrease in cultivation temperature, lower IPTG concentration, and betaine supplementation in a shake flask. In addition, a modified two-stage feeding strategy was proposed and applied in a 3-L fermentor supplied with 20mM betaine, which achieved a dry cell weight of 59.3 g L(-1). Through this cultivation approach at 25 °C, the total soluble activity of pullulanase reached 963.9 U mL(-1), which was 8.3-fold higher than that observed without addition of betaine at 30 °C (115.8 U mL(-1)). The higher expression of soluble pullulanase in a scalable semisynthetic medium showed the potential of the proposed process for the industrial production of soluble enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
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19
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Chen WB, Nie Y, Xu Y, Xiao R. Enhancement of extracellular pullulanase production from recombinant Escherichia coli by combined strategy involving auto-induction and temperature control. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:601-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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