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Pinel-Cabello M, Wasmund K, Soder-Walz JM, Vega M, Rosell M, Marco-Urrea E. Divergent dual C-H isotopic fractionation pattern during anaerobic biodegradation of toluene within Aromatoleum species under nitrate-reducing conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124823. [PMID: 39197649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Toluene is a pollutant frequently detected in contaminated groundwater, mostly due to leakage from underground gasoline storage tanks and pipeline ruptures. Multi-element compound-specific isotope analysis provides a framework to understand transformation processes and design efficient remediation strategies. In this study, we enriched an anaerobic bacterial culture derived from a BTEX-contaminated aquifer that couples toluene and phenol oxidation with nitrate reduction and the concomitant production of carbon dioxide and biomass. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon data indicated that the toluene-degrading consortium was dominated by an Aromatoleum population (87 ± 2 % relative abundance), and metagenome sequencing confirmed that the genome of this Aromatoleum sp. encoded glycyl-radical enzyme benzylsuccinate synthase (BssABC) and phenylphospate synthase (PpsA1BC) homologous genes involved in the first step of toluene and phenol transformation, respectively. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation were εbulk, C = - 3.5 ± 0.6 ‰ and εrp, H = - 85 ± 11 ‰, respectively, leading to a dual C-H isotope slope of ΛH/C = 26 ± 2. This value fits with a previously reported value for a consortium dominated by an Azoarcus species (ΛH/C = 19 ± 5) but differs from that reported for Aromatoleum aromaticum (ΛH/C = 14 ± 1), both of which grow with toluene under nitrate-reducing conditions. Overall, this suggests the existence of different BssABC enzymes with different mechanistic motifs even within the same Aromatoleum genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pinel-Cabello
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Kenneth Wasmund
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jesica M Soder-Walz
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Vega
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Rosell
- Grup MAiMA, Mineralogia Aplicada, Geoquímica i Hidrogeologia (MAGH), Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c/ Martí Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Marco-Urrea
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Sitges s/n, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Romantschuk M, Lahti-Leikas K, Kontro M, Galitskaya P, Talvenmäki H, Simpanen S, Allen JA, Sinkkonen A. Bioremediation of contaminated soil and groundwater by in situ biostimulation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258148. [PMID: 38029190 PMCID: PMC10658714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation by in situ biostimulation is an attractive alternative to excavation of contaminated soil. Many in situ remediation methods have been tested with some success; however, due to highly variable results in realistic field conditions, they have not been implemented as widely as they might deserve. To ensure success, methods should be validated under site-analogous conditions before full scale use, which requires expertise and local knowledge by the implementers. The focus here is on indigenous microbial degraders and evaluation of their performance. Identifying and removing biodegradation bottlenecks for degradation of organic pollutants is essential. Limiting factors commonly include: lack of oxygen or alternative electron acceptors, low temperature, and lack of essential nutrients. Additional factors: the bioavailability of the contaminating compound, pH, distribution of the contaminant, and soil structure and moisture, and in some cases, lack of degradation potential which may be amended with bioaugmentation. Methods to remove these bottlenecks are discussed. Implementers should also be prepared to combine methods or use them in sequence. Chemical/physical means may be used to enhance biostimulation. The review also suggests tools for assessing sustainability, life cycle assessment, and risk assessment. To help entrepreneurs, decision makers, and methods developers in the future, we suggest founding a database for otherwise seldom reported unsuccessful interventions, as well as the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to assist in site evaluation and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Romantschuk
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Katariina Lahti-Leikas
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Merja Kontro
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | | | - Harri Talvenmäki
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Suvi Simpanen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - John A. Allen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Horticulture Technologies, Turku, Finland
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Guo Y, Wen Z, Zhang C, Jakada H. Contamination and natural attenuation characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons in a fractured karst aquifer, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22780-22794. [PMID: 32323239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A rare super-large fractured karst aquifer located in Zibo city, Shandong Province of Northern China was polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons from a petrochemical company. Over the last 30 years, it has been the focus of several remediation efforts. In this study, the contamination and natural attenuation characteristics of the petroleum hydrocarbons were elucidated using hydrogeochemical indicators (DO, DOC, Cl-, HCO3-, pH, NO3-, and SO42-), petroleum hydrocarbons elements and environmental isotopes (δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3, δ13CDIC, and δ13CDOC). With the aid of GIS, statistical analyses, as well as first-order decay model and electron-acceptor-limited kinetic model, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the petroleum hydrocarbons were modeled. Results showed a positive natural attenuation trend over the last 3 decades where intrinsic biodegradation mechanism was found to be the most important factor driving the degradation of hydrocarbons in the aquifer system. The hydrogeochemical association between the indicators and petroleum hydrocarbons provided the evidences of biodegradation and also served as markers, highlighting the occurrence of anaerobic respiration without methanogenic activities within the heterogenous karst media. Furthermore, the mean natural attenuation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons was calculated to be 3.76 × 10-3/day whereby the current highest petroleum hydrocarbons concentration (361.13 μg/L) is estimated to be degraded completely in 6 years under the present hydrogeological and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Guo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences / Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR and GZAR, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Wen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, NO. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences / Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR and GZAR, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
- International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hamza Jakada
- Department of Civil Engineering, Baze University Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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Zhong C, Zhao J, Chen W, Wu D, Cao G. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons by microbial strains in the presence of Ni and Pb. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:18. [PMID: 31879582 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial strains capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons were isolated from the Yellow River Delta and screened for bio-surfactant production. The bio-surfactant-producing characteristics of the isolates were evaluated, and all the isolates which could produce bio-surfactant were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the isolates belong to Bacillus sp. (72%), Ochrobactrum sp. (0.16%), Brevundimonas sp. (0.06%) and Brevibacterium sp. (0.06%). The biodegradability of crude oil, gasoline, diesel oil and other hydrocarbons by microbial strains were studied, among which the biodegrading ability of strain P1 and strain P19 is higher than other strains. Both strains P1 and P19 can degrade n-hexane and n-hexadecane effectively and have wide substrate extensiveness. In addition, Ni promoted the biodegradability of toluene by both strain P1 and strain P19, while Pb inhibited the growth of strain P19 and decreased its ability to biodegrade toluene. The studies revealed that microbes including strain P1 and strain P19 can be utilized in bioremediation of co-contaminated water with petroleum and heavy metals including Ni and Pb.
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Isolation and characterization of three novel catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from three novel haloalkaliphilic BTEX-degrading Pseudomonas strains. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:1107-1114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Suri N, Voordouw J, Voordouw G. The Effectiveness of Nitrate-Mediated Control of the Oil Field Sulfur Cycle Depends on the Toluene Content of the Oil. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:956. [PMID: 28620357 PMCID: PMC5450463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The injection of nitrate is one of the most commonly used technologies to impact the sulfur cycle in subsurface oil fields. Nitrate injection enhances the activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria, which produce nitrite inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Subsequent reduction of nitrate to di-nitrogen (N2) alleviates the inhibition of SRB by nitrite. It has been shown for the Medicine Hat Glauconitic C (MHGC) field, that alkylbenzenes especially toluene are important electron donors for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and N2. However, the rate and extent of reduction of nitrate to nitrite and of nitrite to nitrogen have not been studied for multiple oil fields. Samples of light oil (PNG, CPM, and Tundra), light/heavy oil (Gryphon and Obigbo), and of heavy oil (MHGC) were collected from locations around the world. The maximum concentration of nitrate in the aqueous phase, which could be reduced in microcosms inoculated with MHGC produced water, increased with the toluene concentration in the oil phase. PNG, Gryphon, CPM, Obigbo, MHGC, and Tundra oils had 77, 17, 5.9, 4.0, 2.6, and 0.8 mM toluene, respectively. In incubations with 49 ml of aqueous phase and 1 ml of oil these were able to reduce 22.2, 12.3, 7.9, 4.6, 4.0, and 1.4 mM of nitrate, respectively. Nitrate reduced increased to 35 ± 4 mM upon amendment of all these oils with 570 mM toluene prior to incubation. Souring control by nitrate injection requires that the nitrate is directed toward oxidation of sulfide, not toluene. Hence, the success of nitrate injections will be inversely proportional to the toluene content of the oil. Oil composition is therefore an important determinant of the success of nitrate injection to control souring in a particular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navreet Suri
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, CalgaryAB, Canada
| | - Johanna Voordouw
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, CalgaryAB, Canada
| | - Gerrit Voordouw
- Petroleum Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, CalgaryAB, Canada
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Chiu H, Verpoort F, Liu J, Chang Y, Kao C. Using intrinsic bioremediation for petroleum–hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater cleanup and migration containment: Effectiveness and mechanism evaluation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Qu D, Zhao Y, Sun J, Ren H, Zhou R. BTEX biodegradation and its nitrogen removal potential by a newly isolatedPseudomonasthivervalensisMAH1. Can J Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are of great environmental concern because of their widespread occurrence in groundwater and soil, posing an increasing threat to human health. The aerobic denitrifying BTEX-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas thivervalensis MAH1 was isolated from BTEX-contaminated sediment under nitrate-reducing conditions. The degradation rates of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene by strain MAH1 were 4.71, 6.59, 5.64, and 2.59 mg·L−1·day−1, respectively. The effects of sodium citrate, nitrate, and NaH2PO4on improving BTEX biodegradation were investigated, and their optimum concentrations were 0.5 g·L−1, 100 mg·L−1, and 0.8 mmol·L−1, respectively. Moreover, MAH1, which has nirS and nosZ genes, removed ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite at 2.49 mg NH4+-N·L−1·h−1, 1.50 mg NO3−-N·L−1·h−1, and 0.83 mg NO2−-N·L−1·h−1, respectively. MAH1 could help in mitigating the pollution caused by nitrogen amendments for biostimulation. This study highlighted the feasibility of using MAH1 for the bioremediation of BTEX-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hejun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
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