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Almutairi AW. Evaluation of halophilic microalgae isolated from Rabigh Red Sea coastal area for biodiesel production: Screening and biochemical studies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103339. [PMID: 35770271 PMCID: PMC9234712 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, different water samples from Red Sea coastal area at Rabigh city, Saudi Arabia were studied for their dominant algal species. Microalgal isolation was carried out based on dilution method and morphologically examined using F/2 as a growth medium. Dry weight and main biochemical composition (protein, carbohydrates, lipids) of all species were performed at the end of the growth, and biodiesel characteristics were estimated. Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella sp., Tetraselmis sp., Prorocentrum sp., Chlorella sp., Nitzschia sp., Coscinodiscus sp., and Navicula sp. were the most dominant species in the collected water samples and were used for further evaluation. Nannochloropsis sp. surpassed all other isolates in concern of biomass production with the maximum recorded dry weight of 0.89 g L−1, followed by Dunaliella sp. (0.69 g L−1). The highest crude protein content was observed in Nitzschia sp. (38.21%) and Dunaliella sp. (18.01%), while Nannochloropsis sp. showed 13.38%, with the lowest recorded lipid content in Coscinodiscus sp. (10.09%). Based on the growth, lipid content, and biodiesel characteristics, the present study suggested Dunaliella sp. and Nitzschia sp. as promising candidates for further large-scale biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel W Almutairi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
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Effect of light, CO2 and nitrate concentration on Chlorella vulgaris growth and composition in a flat-plate photobioreactor. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ryu KH, Kim B, Heo S, Chang YK, Lee JH. Mathematical Modeling of Microalgal Internal Metabolic Behaviors under Heterotrophic Conditions and Its Application. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Boeun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, #2502 Building W1-3, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay H. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Savvides AL, Moisi K, Katsifas EA, Karagouni AD, Hatzinikolaou DG. Lipid production from indigenous Greek microalgae: a possible biodiesel source. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:533-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Morpho-taxonomic, genetic, and biochemical characterization of freshwater microalgae as potential biodiesel feedstock. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:137. [PMID: 30944784 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, seven axenic fresh water microchlorophytes were isolated and identified as Tetradesmus dimorphus (NEIST BT-1), Chlorella sorokiniana (NEIST BT-2), Desmodesmus sp. (NEIST BT-10), Selenastrum sp. (NEIST BT-A6), Tetradesmus obliquus (NEIST BT-A1), Tetradesmus sp. (NEIST BT-A10), and Asterarcys sp. (NEIST BT-A15) based on morphological and molecular characterization. Their potential to be used as biodiesel feedstock was evaluated depending on their growth characteristics and lipid profiles. Among the seven isolates, NEIST BT-2 was found to be the most promising candidate owing to its high biomass yield (2.09 ± 0.037 g L-1) and lipid productivity (107.60 ± 10.175 mg L-1 day-1). The gas chromatography analysis confirmed the presence of significant amounts of palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid in the isolate which are some of the major constituents of any biodiesel. The predictive models showed that the biodiesel from this isolate has ideal fuel properties which comply with the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 specifications. These findings demonstrate that NEIST BT-2 can be used as a prospective candidate for consideration of large-scale biodiesel production.
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Liang Y, Kaczmarek MB, Kasprzak AK, Tang J, Shah MMR, Jin P, Klepacz-Smółka A, Cheng JJ, Ledakowicz S, Daroch M. Thermosynechococcaceae as a source of thermostable C-phycocyanins: properties and molecular insights. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tang J, Liang Y, Jiang D, Li L, Luo Y, Shah MMR, Daroch M. Temperature-controlled thermophilic bacterial communities in hot springs of western Sichuan, China. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:134. [PMID: 30332987 PMCID: PMC6191902 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ganzi Prefecture in Western China is situated geographically at the transition regions between Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin in a highly tectonically active boundary area between the India and Eurasia plates. The region hosts various hot springs that span a wide range of temperature from 30 to 98 °C and are located at high altitude (up to 4200 m above sea level) in the region of large geothermal anomalies and active Xianshuihe slip-fault that has been active since Holocene. The site represents a biodiversity reservoir for thermophiles, yet their diversity and relationship to geochemical parameters are largely unknown. In the present work, bacterial diversity and community structure in 14 hot springs of Ganzi were investigated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results Bacterial community compositions were evidently distinct among the 14 hot springs, and the bacterial communities in hot springs were majorly abundant in phyla Aquificae, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. Both clustering and PCoA analysis suggested the existence of four bacterial community patterns in these hot springs. Temperature contributed to shaping bacterial community structure of hot springs as revealed by correlation analysis. Abundant unassigned-genus sequences detected in this study strongly implied the presence of novel genera or genetic resources in these hot springs. Conclusion The diversity of hot springs of Ganzi prefecture in Western Sichuan, China is evidently shaped by temperature. Interestingly disproportionally abundant unassigned-genus sequences detected in this study show indicate potential of novel genera or phylotypes. We hypothesize that frequent earthquakes and rapidly changing environment might have contributed to evolution of these potentially new lineages. Overall, this study provided first insight into the bacterial diversity of hot springs located in Western Sichuan, China and its comparison with other similar communities worldwide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1271-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yuanmei Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liheng Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Md Mahfuzur R Shah
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Hu J, Nagarajan D, Zhang Q, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae for pigment production: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sabu S, Singh ISB, Joseph V. Optimisation of critical medium components and culture conditions for enhanced biomass and lipid production in the oleaginous diatom Navicula phyllepta: a statistical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26763-26777. [PMID: 28963632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms hold great promise as potential sources of biofuel production. In the present study, the biomass and lipid production in the marine diatom Navicula phyllepta, isolated from Cochin estuary, India and identified as a potential biodiesel feedstock, were optimized using Plackett-Burman (PB) statistical experimental design followed by central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The growth analyses of the isolate in different nitrogen sources, salinities and five different enriched sea water media showed the best growth in the cheapest medium with minimum components using urea as nitrogen source at salinity between 25 and 40 g kg-1. Plackett-Burman experimental analyses for screening urea, sodium metasilicate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, ferric chloride, salinity, temperature, pH and agitation influencing lipid and biomass production showed that silicate and temperature had a positive coefficient on biomass production, and temperature had a significant positive coefficient, while urea and phosphate showed a negative coefficient on lipid content. A 24 factorial central composite design (FCCD) was used to optimize the concentration of the factors selected. The optimized media resulted in 1.62-fold increase (64%) in biomass (1.2 ± 0.08 g L-1) and 1.2-fold increase (22%) in estimated total lipid production (0.11 ± 0.003 g L-1) compared to original media within 12 days of culturing. A significantly higher biomass and lipid production in the optimized medium demands further development of a two-stage strategy of biomass production followed by induction of high lipid production under nutrient limitation or varying culture conditions for large-scale production of biodiesel from the marine diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyo Sabu
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Isaac Sarojini Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Valsamma Joseph
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India.
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Bouyam S, Choorit W, Sirisansaneeyakul S, Chisti Y. Heterotrophic production of Chlorella
sp. TISTR 8990-biomass growth and composition under various production conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1589-1600. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somruethai Bouyam
- Biotechnology Program, School of Agricultural Technology; Walailak University; Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand
| | - Wanna Choorit
- Biotechnology Program, School of Agricultural Technology; Walailak University; Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand
- Biomass and Oil Palm Center of Excellence, Walailak University; Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand
| | - Sarote Sirisansaneeyakul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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12
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Roy AK. In Silico Analysis, Structure Modeling and Phosphorylation Site Prediction of Vitellogenin Protein from Gibelion Catla. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/jabb.2017.03.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shah MMR, Liang Y, Cheng JJ, Daroch M. Astaxanthin-Producing Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: From Single Cell to High Value Commercial Products. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:531. [PMID: 27200009 PMCID: PMC4848535 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many species of microalgae have been used as source of nutrient rich food, feed, and health promoting compounds. Among the commercially important microalgae, Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin which is considered as "super anti-oxidant." Natural astaxanthin produced by H. pluvialis has significantly greater antioxidant capacity than the synthetic one. Astaxanthin has important applications in the nutraceuticals, cosmetics, food, and aquaculture industries. It is now evident that, astaxanthin can significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help human body maintain a healthy state. With extraordinary potency and increase in demand, astaxanthin is one of the high-value microalgal products of the future.This comprehensive review summarizes the most important aspects of the biology, biochemical composition, biosynthesis, and astaxanthin accumulation in the cells of H. pluvialis and its wide range of applications for humans and animals. In this paper, important and recent developments ranging from cultivation, harvest and postharvest bio-processing technologies to metabolic control and genetic engineering are reviewed in detail, focusing on biomass and astaxanthin production from this biotechnologically important microalga. Simultaneously, critical bottlenecks and major challenges in commercial scale production; current and prospective global market of H. pluvialis derived astaxanthin are also presented in a critical manner. A new biorefinery concept for H. pluvialis has been also suggested to guide toward economically sustainable approach for microalgae cultivation and processing. This report could serve as a useful guide to present current status of knowledge in the field and highlight key areas for future development of H. pluvialis astaxanthin technology and its large scale commercial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahfuzur R. Shah
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen, China
| | - Yuanmei Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen, China
| | - Jay J. Cheng
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen, China
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhen, China
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Luke CS, Selimkhanov J, Baumgart L, Cohen SE, Golden SS, Cookson NA, Hasty J. A Microfluidic Platform for Long-Term Monitoring of Algae in a Dynamic Environment. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:8-14. [PMID: 26332284 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Culturing cells in microfluidic "lab-on-a-chip" devices for time lapse microscopy has become a valuable tool for studying the dynamics of biological systems. Although microfluidic technology has been applied to culturing and monitoring a diverse range of bacterial and eukaryotic species, cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae present several challenges that have made them difficult to culture in a microfluidic setting. Here, we present a customizable device for the long-term culturing and imaging of three well characterized strains of cyanobacteria and microalgae. This platform has several advantages over agarose pads and demonstrates great potential for obtaining high quality, single-cell gene expression data of cyanobacteria and algae in precisely controlled, dynamic environments over long time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Sze Luke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jangir Selimkhanov
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Leo Baumgart
- Division
of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Susan E. Cohen
- Division
of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Susan S. Golden
- Division
of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Natalie A. Cookson
- BioCircuits
Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeff Hasty
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Division
of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- BioCircuits
Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Zheng H, Ma X, Gao Z, Wan Y, Min M, Zhou W, Li Y, Liu Y, Huang H, Chen P, Ruan R. Lipid Production of Heterotrophic Chlorella sp. from Hydrolysate Mixtures of Lipid-Extracted Microalgal Biomass Residues and Molasses. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:662-74. [PMID: 26234438 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of lipid production of Chlorella sp. from waste materials. Lipid-extracted microalgal biomass residues (LMBRs) and molasses were hydrolyzed, and their hydrolysates were analyzed. Five different hydrolysate mixture ratios (w/w) of LMBRs/molasses (1/0, 1/1, 1/4, 1/9, and 0/1) were used to cultivate Chlorella sp. The results showed that carbohydrate and protein were the two main compounds in the LMBRs, and carbohydrate was the main compound in the molasses. The highest biomass concentration of 5.58 g/L, Y biomass/sugars of 0.59 g/g, lipid productivity of 335 mg/L/day, and Y lipids/sugars of 0.25 g/g were obtained at the hydrolysate mixture ratio of LMBRs/molasses of 1/4. High C/N ratio promoted the conversion of sugars into lipids. The lipids extracted from Chlorella sp. shared similar lipid profile of soybean oil and is therefore a potential viable biodiesel feedstock. These results showed that Chlorella sp. can utilize mixed sugars and amino acids from LMBRs and molasses to accumulate lipids efficiently, thus reducing the cost of microalgal biodiesel production and improving its economic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A3 Datun Road., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Wan
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Min
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Roger Ruan
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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Mishra S, Singh N, Sarma AK. Assessment of a Novel Algal Strain Chlamydomonas debaryana NIREMACC03 for Mass Cultivation, Biofuels Production and Kinetic Studies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:2253-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Heterotrophic growth of microalgae: metabolic aspects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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