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Bouchareb EM, Derbal K, Bedri R, Menas S, Bouchareb R, Dizge N. Enhanced fermentative hydrogen production from potato waste by enzymatic pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1801-1809. [PMID: 36449015 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2154171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have a potential role in the economic production of sugars and fuels from starch biomass. In this study, the Inoculum/Substrate (I/S) ratio effect and enzymatic pretreatments of potato peels for biohydrogen production in batch reactors were investigated. Two enzymes, α-Amylase and Cellulase, were tested separately and coexistent. Results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis using α-Amylase in mesophilic conditions enhanced carbohydrate concentration from 24.10 g/L to 53.47 g/L, whereas, the use of Cellulase and equi-volumetric mixture of both tested enzymes resulted in 47.16 and 48.16 g/L, respectively. The maximum biohydrogen cumulative production of 263 mL (equivalent to 430.37 mL H2/gVSadded) was obtained using the optimum I/S ratio of 1/6 gVS/gVS at pH 5.5 and incubation temperature of 55°C after 20 days of dark fermentation of potato waste without enzymatic treatment. Under the same operating conditions of the I/S ratio, pH, temperature and the best enzymatic treatment (3 h of substrate enzymatic hydrolysis by α-Amylase), the maximum yield of biohydrogen was 1088 mL (1780.39 mL H2/gVSadded). The enzymatic hydrolysis method adopted in this study can make overall biohydrogen production an effective process. The modified Gompertz model was found to be an adequate fit for biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Mahfouf Bouchareb
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Process Engineering Faculty, Saleh Boubnider University, Constantine, Algeria
- Department of Engineering, National High School of Biotechnology, Toufik Khaznadar Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kerroum Derbal
- Department of Process Engineering, National High School of Polytechnic, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Rayane Bedri
- Department of Engineering, National High School of Biotechnology, Toufik Khaznadar Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Souha Menas
- Department of Engineering, National High School of Biotechnology, Toufik Khaznadar Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Raouf Bouchareb
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Process Engineering Faculty, Saleh Boubnider University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Fouda A, Alshallash KS, Atta HM, El Gamal MS, Bakry MM, Alawam AS, Salem SS. Synthesis, Optimization, and Characterization of Cellulase Enzyme Obtained from Thermotolerant Bacillus subtilis F3: An Insight into Cotton Fabric Polishing Activity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:207-223. [PMID: 37940165 PMCID: PMC10840485 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of 40 bacterial isolates obtained from hot spring water samples to produce cellulase enzymes was investigated. As a result, the strain Bacillus subtilis F3, which was identified using traditional and molecular methods, was selected as the most potent for cellulase production. Optimization was carried out using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and BOX-Behnken Design to detect the best conditions for the highest cellulase activity. This was accomplished after an incubation period of 24 h at 45°C and pH 8, with an inoculum size of 1% (v/v), 5 g/l of peptone as nitrogen source, and 7.5 g/l of CMC. Moreover, the best concentration of ammonium sulfate for cellulase enzyme precipitation was 60% followed by purification using a dialysis bag and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography to collect the purified enzyme. The purified cellulase enzyme was characterized by 5.39-fold enrichment, with a specific activity of 54.20 U/mg and a molecular weight of 439 kDa. There were 15 amino acids involved in the purified cellulase, with high concentrations of 160 and 100 mg/l for glycine and proline respectively. The highest stability and activity of the purified cellulase was attained at pH 7 and 50°C in the presence of 150 ppm of CaCl2, NaCl, and ZnO metal ions. Finally, the biopolishing activity of the cellulase enzyme, as indicated by weight loss percentages of the cotton fabric, was dependent on concentration and treatment time. Overall, the thermotolerant B. subtilis F3 strain has the potential to provide highly stable and highly active cellulase enzyme for use in biopolishing of cotton fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M. Atta
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh S. El Gamal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Bakry
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdullah S. Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem S. Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Effect of microwave radiation combined with cellulase treatment of soybean residue on the culture of Aspergillus oryzae. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hammed A, Polunin Y, Voronov A, Pryor S. Tubular electrosynthesis of silica-coated magnetite and evaluation of magnetic nanobiocatalyst efficacy during biomass hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1311-1318. [PMID: 35876966 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanobiocatalysts (MNBCs) are a promising immobilization approach to ease enzyme recovery during bioprocessing. However, industrial adoption of MNBCs is unfeasible because MNBC-synthesis involves complex and potentially expensive processing steps including synthesis of silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Si-SPIONs). We developed a single-step process for Si-SPION synthesis using a tubular electrochemical system (TES) and investigated the effect of concentration of the Na2SiO3 coating agent on Si-SPION properties. The Si-SPIONs were used as a support for attachment of polymer-cellulase conjugate to make MNBCs. The spherical Si-SPIONs were 8-12 nm in diameter including a 2-nm silica coating. Na2SiO3 concentration in the reactor did not affect Si-SPION morphology, but increasing Na2SiO3 concentration reduced SPION productivity in the reactor. Protective properties of the SPION silica coatings were demonstrated by showing that they prevented dissolution of SPIONs in an acid solution for 48 h. Enzyme attachment was quantified as protein adsorption on Si-SPIONs which reached 55 μg/mg Si-SPION. The MNBCs were recovered and reused four times. The use of TES for Si-SPION synthesis is promising to reduce MNBC production complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Hammed
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Yehor Polunin
- Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Andriy Voronov
- Coatings and Polymeric Materials Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Scott Pryor
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.,College of Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Srivastava N, Srivastava M, Alhazmi A, Mohammad A, Khan S, Pal DB, Haque S, Singh R, Mishra PK, Gupta VK. Sustainable green approach to synthesize Fe 3O 4/α-Fe 2O 3 nanocomposite using waste pulp of Syzygium cumini and its application in functional stability of microbial cellulases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24371. [PMID: 34934128 PMCID: PMC8692407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of nanomaterials following green routes have drawn much attention in recent years due to the low cost, easy and eco-friendly approaches involved therein. Therefore, the current study is focused towards the synthesis of Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite using waste pulp of Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and iron nitrate as the precursor of iron in an eco-friendly way. The synthesized Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite has been extensively characterized through numerous techniques to explore the physicochemical properties, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Vis spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, high resolution transmission electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. Further, efficiency of the Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite has been evaluated to improve the incubation temperature, thermal/pH stability of the crude cellulase enzymes obtained from the lab isolate fungal strain Cladosporium cladosporioides NS2 via solid state fermentation. It is found that the presence of 0.5% Fe3O4/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite showed optimum incubation temperature and thermal stability in the long temperature range of 50–60 °C for 15 h along with improved pH stability in the range of pH 3.5–6.0. The presented study may have potential application in bioconversion of waste biomass at high temperature and broad pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India.
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer, Bursa, 16059, Turkey
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK. .,Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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Hammed A, Voronov A, Pryor S. Scalable and sustainable synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using new tubular electrochemical system. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Naicker JE, Govinden R, Lekha P, Sithole B. Transformation of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS) into a glucose-rich hydrolysate using green chemistry: Assessing pretreatment methods for enhanced hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110914. [PMID: 32721348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulp and paper mill sludge is a waste stream derived from the pulp and paper making industry, comprised of organic and inorganic material in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash. In South Africa, approximately fivefour hundred thousand wet tonnes are produced per annum and is currently disposed via landfilling or incineration. However, these disposal methods raise environmental and financial concerns. This waste stream is an attractive feedstock for fermentable sugars, mainly glucose, recovery and can be redirected for valorisation as a feedstock for microbial fermentation to produce value-added products. Sugar recovery by enzymatic hydrolysis, as opposed to acidic hydrolysis, is a promising approach but is hampered by the lignin and inorganic material found in pulp and paper mill sludge. Several treatment steps to reduce or remove these components prior to enzymatic hydrolysis are assessed in this review. Pretreatment improves hydrolysis of cellulosic fibres and ensures a substantial yield of sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Emmanuel Naicker
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University Road, Westville, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Roshini Govinden
- University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University Road, Westville, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Prabashni Lekha
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, PO Box 59081, Umbilo, 4075, South Africa
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, PO Box 59081, Umbilo, 4075, South Africa; University of KwaZulu-Natal (Howard Campus), Discipline of Chemical Engineering, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Pinar O, Karaosmanoğlu K, Sayar NA, Kula C, Kazan D, Sayar AA. Assessment of hazelnut husk as a lignocellulosic feedstock for the production of fermentable sugars and lignocellulolytic enzymes. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:367. [PMID: 29062677 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses firstly on the evaluation of the effect of laccase on enzymatic hydrolysis of hazelnut husk which is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic agricultural residues generated in Turkey. In this respect, the co-enzymatic treatment of hazelnut husk by cellulase and laccase, without a conventional pretreatment step is evaluated. Using 2.75 FPU/g substrate (40 g/L substrate) and a ratio of 131 laccase U/FPU achieved the highest reducing sugars concentration. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry confirmed that the hydrolysate was composed of glucose, xylose, mannose, arabinose and galactose. The inclusion of laccase in the enzyme mixture [carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase] increased the final glucose content of the reducing sugars from 20 to 50%. Therefore, a very significant increase in glucose content of the final reducing sugars concentration was obtained by laccase addition. Furthermore, the production of cellulases and laccase by Pycnoporus sanguineus DSM 3024 using hazelnut husk as substrate was also investigated. Among the hazelnut husk concentrations tested (1.5, 6, 12, 18 g/L), the highest CMCase concentration was obtained using 12 g/L husk concentration on the 10th day of fermentation. Besides CMCase, P. sanguineus DSM 3024 produced β-glucosidase and laccase using hazelnut husk as carbon source. In addition to CMCase and β-glucosidase, the highest laccase activity measured was 2240 ± 98 U/L (8.89 ± 0.39 U/mg). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report hazelnut husk hydrolysis in the absence of pretreatment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orkun Pinar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Karaosmanoğlu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihat Alpagu Sayar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Kula
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kazan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alp Sayar
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, Kadıköy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
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