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Ariaeenejad S, Kavousi K, Han JL, Ding XZ, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Efficiency of an alkaline, thermostable, detergent compatible, and organic solvent tolerant lipase with hydrolytic potential in biotreatment of wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161066. [PMID: 36565882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Discharging the tannery wastewater into the environment is a serious challenge worldwide due to the release of severe recalcitrant pollutants such as oil compounds and organic materials. The biological treatment through enzymatic hydrolysis is a cheap and eco-friendly method for eliminating fatty substances from wastewater. In this context, lipases can be utilized for bio-treatment of wastewater in multifaceted industrial applications. To overcome the limitations in removing pollutants in the effluent, we aimed to identify a novel robust stable lipase (PersiLipase1) from metagenomic data of tannery wastewater for effective bio-degradation of the oily wastewater pollution. The lipase displayed remarkable thermostability and maintained over 81 % of its activity at 60 °C.After prolonged incubation for 35 days at 60°C, the PersiLipase1 still maintained 53.9 % of its activity. The enzyme also retained over 67 % of its activity in a wide range of pH (4.0 to 9.0). In addition, PersiLipase1 demonstrated considerable tolerance toward metal ions and organic solvents (e.g., retaining >70% activity after the addition of 100 mM of chemicals). Hydrolysis of olive oil and sheep fat by this enzyme showed 100 % efficiency. Furthermore, the PersiLipase1 proved to be efficient for biotreatment of oil and grease from tannery wastewater with the hydrolysis efficiency of 90.76 % ± 0.88. These results demonstrated that the metagenome-derived PersiLipase1 from tannery wastewater has a promising potential for the biodegradation and management of oily wastewater pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jian-Lin Han
- Livestock Genetics Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 00100 Nairobi, Kenya; CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou 730050, China
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P M, A M, K PM, Sekar K, S S, Srinivasan SV, K SB, G S. Synchronous COD removal and nitrogen recovery from high concentrated pharmaceutical wastewater by an integrated chemo-biocatalytic reactor systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117048. [PMID: 36542888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Present report, an investigation of highly concentrated and low bio-degradable pharmaceutical wastewater (HCPWW) treatment; simultaneously ammoniacal nitrogen recovery for struvite fertilizer. The use of multiple solvents and many formulation processes in HCPWW, resulting highly refractory chemicals. Here, in this study focused on evaluation of chemo-biocatalysts for the removal of refractory organics, nitrogen recovery from HCPWW. The initial organics, and nitrogen content in HCPWW was 20,753 ± 4606 mg/L; BOD, 6550 ± 1500 mg/L and NH4+-N, 1057.9 ± 185.8 mg/L. Initially, the biodegradability (BOD5: COD ratio from 0.32 to 0.45) of HCPWW, which was improved by heterogeneous Fenton oxidation (HFO) processes, and porous carbon (PCC, 30 g/L), along with FeSO4.7H2O, 200 mg/L and H2O2 (30% v/v), 0.4 ml/L were used as a catalyst in a weakly acidic medium. For the biocatalytic processes, the microbial culture cultivated from sewage and incorporated into a Fluidized Immobilized Carbon Catalytic Oxidation reactor (FICCO), and dominant species are Pseudomonas Putida sp., Pseudomonas Kilionesis sp., and Pseudomonas Japonica sp., which is identified by using 16 S rDNA sequencing analysis. The COD and BOD5 removal efficiency of 65-93% and 70-82%, and follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with the rate constants of 1.0 × 10-4 L COD-1 h-1, 1.5 × 10-3 L COD-1 h-1 and 3.0 × 10-3 L COD-1 h-1 in the HFO-FICCO-CAACO catalytic processes. The optimized hydraulic retention time (HRT) of FICCO reactor was 24 h, and 1 h for the Chemo-Autotrophic Activated Carbon Oxidation (CAACO) reactor for maximum organics removal. MAP (Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate precipitation) process showed 90% of NH4+-N elimination and recovered it as a struvite fertilizer at an optimum molar ratio of 1:1.3:1.3 (NH4+-N: Na2HPO4.2H2O: MgO). FT-IR, UV-visible, and UV-fluorescence data confirm the effective elimination of organics. Hence, this integrated treatment system is appropriate for the management of pharmaceutical wastewater especially elimination of complex organic molecules and the recovery of nitrogen in the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharaja P
- Environmental Engineering Department, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Murali A
- Environmental Science Lab, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Patchai Murugan K
- Environmental Science Lab, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swarnalatha S
- Environmental Science Lab, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S V Srinivasan
- Environmental Engineering Department, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sri Balakameshwari K
- Environmental Engineering Department, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran G
- Environmental Science Lab, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India; SRMIST, Deemed University, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, 600089, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pounsamy M, Karmegam PM, Ganesan S. Combined application of microbes immobilized carbon reactor and the reactive struvite system for the management of tannery deliming wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47699-47711. [PMID: 36745345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This present study investigated the removal of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N) from tannery deliming wastewater (TDLWW) through microbes immobilized carbon consisted a bioreactor (MICCR) and reactive struvite crystallization process. Initially, 90% of the organic content of TDLWW was removed using a MICCR reactor at 24 h retention time. Nanoporous carbon (NPC) was used as the carrier matrix for the MICCR reactor. SEM and AFM images of NPC used in the MICCR reactor identify different microorganisms on its surface. The microbial profile of NPC used in the MICCR was analyzed, and the relative abundance is phyla Firmicutes, 25.64%; Proteobacteria, 43.68%; Bacteroidetes, 6.58%; Cyanobacteria, 2.22%; Actinobacteria, 2.34% reason for organic removal. The removal of organics follows the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics with the rate constant of 1.75 × 10-3 L COD-1 h-1. For the reactive struvite crystallization, MgO and Na2HPO4.2H2O were taken as the precipitating agents. The optimum molar ratio for the maximum conversion of NH4+-N into struvite was obtained as 1:1.4:1.4 (NH4+-N:MgO:Na2HPO4.2H2O). The volume of struvite precipitate was 48.5 mL/L of TDLWW, and the dry weight was 8.89 g/L. More than 93% of NH4+-N was converted as the struvite fertilizer. The conversion of NH4+-N into struvite follows the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics with the rate constant of 1.67 × 10-2 min-1. Despite the conversion of NH4+-N into struvite, COD removal was observed, which confirms the conversion of organic nitrogen into struvite. The struvite was evaluated using SEM, XRD, TGA, DSC, and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. Hence, the integrated MICCR and the reactive struvite crystallization process can be applied to manage tannery deliming wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharaja Pounsamy
- Environmental Engineering Department, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Patchai Murugan Karmegam
- Environmental Science Lab, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai-600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran Ganesan
- SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus, Deemed University, Chennai-600089, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bijoy G, Rajeev R, Benny L, Jose S, Varghese A. Enzyme immobilization on biomass-derived carbon materials as a sustainable approach towards environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135759. [PMID: 35870606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes with their environment-friendly nature and versatility have become highly important 'green tools' with a wide range of applications. Enzyme immobilization has further increased the utility and efficiency of these enzymes by improving their stability, reusability, and recyclability. Biomass-derived matrices when used for enzyme immobilization offer a sustainable solution to environmental pollution and fuel depletion at low costs. Biochar and other biomass-derived carbon materials obtained are suitable for the immobilization of enzymes through different immobilization strategies. Environmental pollution has become an utmost topic of research interest due to an ever-increasing trend being observed in anthropogenic activities. This has widely contributed to the release of various toxic effluents into the environment in their native or metabolized forms. Therefore, more focus is being directed toward the utilization of immobilized enzymes in the bioremediation of water and soil, biofuel production, and other environmental applications. In this review, up-to-date literature concerning the immobilization and potential uses of enzymes immobilized on biomass-derived carbon materials has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethanjali Bijoy
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Rijo Rajeev
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Libina Benny
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Sandra Jose
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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Ammasi R, Victor JS, Chellan R, Chellappa M. Alkaline protease for an efficacious rehydration of skin matrix by a novel Bacillus crolab MTCC 5468 in sustainable leather production: a green approach. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:249-267. [PMID: 31781927 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The utilization of biotechnology in leather sector has more extensive in modern years; more particular to proteolytic enzymes and employed in several steps of the leather making such as soaking, dehairing, bating, solid waste management etc. The current study evaluates the performance of alkaline protease from Bacillus crolab MTCC 5468 in single soaking of goat skins matrix by comparing with the conventional multiple soaking processes. RESULTS According to the obtained results, the optimum concentration for maximum rehydration of goat skins was accomplished at 1.0% (v/w) of alkaline protease at duration of 3 h over traditional rehydration method (4-6 h). The moisture level, total protein, chloride content and total organic carbon of enzymatic rehydration was superior to that of conventional rehydration and it was also used to measure the effectiveness of rehydration process. Scanning electron microscopic images of enzymatically processed leather exhibits enhanced opening of fiber bundles and smooth grain surface than conventional method. Furthermore, the alkaline protease treated leather exhibited improved moisture uptake, removal of chlorides and suppleness because of hydrolysis of non-collagenous proteins as indicated by well opened up fiber bundles in histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS The application of alkaline protease in rehydration operation of leather production confirmed scope for diminishing water quantity around 66.6%, soaking duration at 50%, minimizing use of harmful dehairing chemicals at 50-60%, thereby, eliminating the bating operation during pre-tanning. These outcomes suggest that alkaline protease have potential application in rehydration of skins for immense environmental concerns of leather tanning sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Ammasi
- Biochemistry & Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - John Sundar Victor
- Leather Processing Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Rose Chellan
- Biochemistry & Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India
| | - Muralidharan Chellappa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India. .,Leather Processing Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India.
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