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Tang L, Lei X, Ouyang K, Wang L, Qiu Q, Li Y, Zang Y, Liu C, Zhao X. A Glycosyl Hydrolase 30 Family Xylanase from the Rumen Metagenome and Its Effects on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Wheat Straw. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:118. [PMID: 38200851 PMCID: PMC10778502 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenge of wheat straw as a ruminant feed is its low ruminal digestibility. This study investigated the impact of a xylanase called RuXyn, derived from the rumen metagenome of beef cattle, on the in vitro ruminal fermentation of wheat straw. RuXyn encoded 505 amino acids and was categorized within subfamily 8 of the glycosyl hydrolase 30 family. RuXyn was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and displayed its highest level of activity at pH 6.0 and 40 °C. RuXyn primarily hydrolyzed xylan, while it did not show any noticeable activity towards other substrates, including carboxymethylcellulose and Avicel. At concentrations of 5 mM, Mn2+ and dithiothreitol significantly enhanced RuXyn's activity by 73% and 20%, respectively. RuXyn's activity was almost or completely inactivated in the presence of Cu2+, even at low concentrations. The main hydrolysis products of corncob xylan by RuXyn were xylopentose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose. RuXyn hydrolyzed wheat straw and rice straw more effectively than it did other agricultural by-products. A remarkable synergistic effect was observed between RuXyn and a cellulase cocktail on wheat straw hydrolysis. Supplementation with RuXyn increased dry matter digestibility; acetate, propionate, valerate, and total volatile fatty acid yields; NH3-N concentration, and total bacterial number during in vitro fermentation of wheat straw relative to the control. RuXyn's inactivity at 60 °C and 70 °C was remedied by mutating proline 151 to phenylalanine and aspartic acid 204 to leucine, boosting activity to 20.3% and 21.8% of the maximum activity at the respective temperatures. As an exogenous enzyme preparation, RuXyn exhibits considerable potential to improve ruminal digestion and the utilization of wheat straw in ruminants. As far as we know, this is the first study on a GH30 xylanase promoting the ruminal fermentation of agricultural straws. The findings demonstrate that the utilization of RuXyn can significantly enhance the ruminal digestibility of wheat straw by approximately 10 percentage points. This outcome signifies the emergence of a novel and highly efficient enzyme preparation that holds promise for the effective utilization of wheat straw, a by-product of crop production, in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhang Tang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaowen Lei
- Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Ganzhou 341000, China;
| | - Kehui Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250101, China;
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yitian Zang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.T.); (K.O.); (Q.Q.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
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Ariaeenejad S, Kavousi K, Zolfaghari B, Roy S, Koshiba T, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste by a novel computationally screened hyperthermostable enzyme from a specialized microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114587. [PMID: 36758508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of lignocellulosic waste is generated every day in the world, and their accumulation in the agroecosystems, integration in soil compositions, or incineration for energy production has severe environmental pollution effects. Using enzymes as biocatalysts for the biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials, especially in harsh processing conditions, is a practical step towards green energy and environmental biosafety. Hence, the current study focuses on enzyme computationally screened from camel rumen metagenomics data as specialized microbiota that have the capacity to degrade lignocellulosic-rich and recalcitrant materials. The novel hyperthermostable xylanase named PersiXyn10 with the performance at extreme conditions was proper activity within a broad temperature (30-100 ℃) and pH range (4.0-11.0) but showed the maximum xylanolytic activity in severe alkaline and temperature conditions, pH 8.0 and temperature 90 ℃. Also, the enzyme had highly resistant to metals, surfactants, and organic solvents in optimal conditions. The introduced xylanase had unique properties in terms of thermal stability by maintaining over 82% of its activity after 15 days of incubation at 90 ℃. Considering the crucial role of hyperthermostable xylanases in the paper industry, the PersiXyn10 was subjected to biodegradation of paper pulp. The proper performance of hyperthermostable PersiXyn10 on the paper pulp was confirmed by structural analysis (SEM and FTIR) and produced 31.64 g/L of reducing sugar after 144 h hydrolysis. These results proved the applicability of the hyperthermostable xylanase in biobleaching and saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for declining the environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Zolfaghari
- CSE Department, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Haliç University Eyüpsultan, Istanbul
| | - Swapnoneel Roy
- School of Computing, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Takeshi Koshiba
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Japan
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109 NSW, Australia
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Hamid A, Zafar A, Latif S, Peng L, Wang Y, Liaqat I, Afzal MS, ul-Haq I, Aftab MN. Enzymatic hydrolysis of low temperature alkali pretreated wheat straw using immobilized β-xylanase nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1434-1445. [PMID: 36686938 PMCID: PMC9814908 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A low temperature alkali (LTA) pretreatment method was used to treat wheat straw. In order to obtain good results, different factors like temperature, incubation time, NaOH concentration and solid to liquid ratio for the pretreatment process were optimized. Wheat straw is a potential biomass for the production of monomeric sugars. The objective of the current study was to observe the saccharification (%) of wheat straw with immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). For this purpose, immobilized MNPs of purified β-xylanase enzyme was used for hydrolysis of pretreated wheat straw. Wheat straw was pretreated using the LTA method and analyzed by SEM analysis. After completion of the saccharification process, saccharification% was calculated by using a DNS method. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were partially removed and changes in the cell wall structure of the wheat straw had caused it to become deformed, increasing the specific surface area, so more fibers of the wheat straw were exposed to the immobilized β-xylanase enzyme after alkali pretreatment. The maximum saccharification potential of wheat straw was about 20.61% obtained after pretreatment with optimized conditions of 6% NaOH, 1/10 S/L, 30 °C and 72 hours. Our results indicate the reusability of the β-xylanase enzyme immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and showed a 15% residual activity after the 11th cycle. HPLC analysis of the enzyme-hydrolyzed filtrate also revealed the presence of sugars like xylose, arabinose, xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetrose. The time duration of the pretreatment has an important effect on thermal energy consumption for the low-temperature alkali method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attia Hamid
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Govt. College UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan+924299213341+923444704190
| | - Asma Zafar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan
| | | | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Microbiology Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College UniversityLahorePakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT)LahorePakistan
| | - Ikram ul-Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Govt. College UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan+924299213341+923444704190
| | - Muhammad Nauman Aftab
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Govt. College UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan+924299213341+923444704190
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Zhu L, Liu LWC, Li Y, Pan K, Ouyang K, Song X, Xiong X, Qu M, Zhao X. Characteristics of recombinant xylanase from camel rumen metagenome and its effects on wheat bran hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1309-1317. [PMID: 36027987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the effects of a novel xylanase from camel rumen metagenome (CrXyn) on wheat bran hydrolysis. CrXyn was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and showed maximum activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0. Furthermore, CrXyn exhibited preferential hydrolysis of xylan, but no obvious activity toward other substrates, including carboxymethylcellulose and Avicel. Using wheat straw xylan as a substrate, the Km and Vmax values for CrXyn were 5.98 g/L and 179.9 μmol xylose/min/mg protein, respectively. Mn2+ was a strong accelerator and significantly enhanced CrXyn activity. However, CrXyn activity was inhibited (~50 %) by 1 mM and 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and completely inactivated by 5 mM Cu2+. CrXyn tolerated 5 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and 15 % methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with >50 % residual activity. CrXyn effectively hydrolyzed wheat bran, with xylobiose and xylotetraose accounting for 79.1 % of total sugars produced. A remarkable synergistic effect was found between CrXyn and protease, leading to an obvious increase in amino acids released from wheat bran compared with the control. CrXyn also enhanced the in vitro hydrolysis of wheat bran. Thus, CrXyn exhibits great potential as a feed additive to improve the utilization of wheat bran in monogastric animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Lei Wang Chanjuan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Kehui Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xiaowen Xiong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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Hu D, Zhao X. Characterization of a New Xylanase Found in the Rumen Metagenome and Its Effects on the Hydrolysis of Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6493-6502. [PMID: 35583133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the main ingredient of poultry diet, but its xylan has an adverse impact on poultry production. A novel xylanase from beef cattle rumen metagenome (RuXyn) and its effect on the wheat hydrolysis were investigated in the present study. The RuXyn coded for 377 amino acids and exhibited low identity (<40%) to previously reported proteins. The RuXyn was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 40 °C. The activity of RuXyn could be increased by 79.8 and 36.0% in the presence of Ca2+ and Tween 20, respectively. The soluble xylan and insoluble xylan in wheat could be effectively degraded by RuXyn and xylooligosaccharides produced accounting for more than 80% of the products. This study demonstrates that RuXyn has substantial potential to improve the application of wheat in poultry production by degrading wheat xylan and the accompanying xylooligosaccharides produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
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Zafar A, Hamid A, Peng L, Wang Y, Aftab MN. Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass using a novel, thermotolerant recombinant xylosidase enzyme from Clostridium clariflavum: a potential addition for biofuel industry. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14917-14931. [PMID: 35702232 PMCID: PMC9115876 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the cloning, expression, purification and characterization of the xylosidase gene (1650 bp) from a thermophilic bacterium Clostridium clariflavum into E. coli BL21 (DE3) using the expression vector pET-21a(+) for utilization in biofuel production. The recombinant xylosidase enzyme was purified to homogeneity by heat treatment and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE determined that the molecular weight of purified xylosidase was 60 kDa. This purified recombinant xylosidase showed its maximum activity at a temperature of 37 °C and pH 6.0. The purified recombinant xylosidase enzyme remains stable up to 90 °C for 4 h and retained 54.6% relative activity as compared to the control. The presence of metal ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ showed a positive impact on xylosidase enzyme activity whereas Cu2+ and Hg2+ inhibit its activity. Organic solvents did not considerably affect the stability of the purified xylosidase enzyme while DMSO and SDS cause the inhibition of enzyme activity. Pretreatment experiments were run in triplicate for 72 h at 30 °C using 10% NaOH. Saccharification experiment was performed by using 1% substrate (pretreated plant biomass) in citrate phosphate buffer of pH 6.5 loaded with 150 U mL−1 of purified recombinant xylosidase enzyme along with ampicillin (10 μg mL−1). Subsequent incubation was carried out at 50 °C and 100 rpm in a shaking incubator for 24 h. Saccharification potential of the recombinant xylosidase enzyme was calculated against both pretreated and untreated sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw as 9.63% and 8.91% respectively. All these characteristics of the recombinant thermotolerant xylosidase enzyme recommended it as a potential candidate for biofuel industry. The present study describes the cloning, expression, purification and characterization of a xylosidase gene from Clostridium clariflavum into E. coli BL21 (DE3) using the expression vector pET-21a(+) for utilization in biofuel production.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Zafar
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Attia Hamid
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan +92 99213341 +92 3444704190
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agriculture University Wuhan China
| | - Muhammad Nauman Aftab
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore 54000 Pakistan +92 99213341 +92 3444704190
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Hamid A, Zafar A, Liaqat I, Afzal MS, Peng L, Rauf MK, ul Haq I, ur-Rehman A, Ali S, Aftab MN. Effective utilization of magnetic nano-coupled cloned β-xylanase in saccharification process. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6463-6475. [PMID: 35424589 PMCID: PMC8982049 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09275h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-xylanase gene (DCE06_04615) with 1041 bp cloned from Thermotoga naphthophila was expressed into E. coli BL21 DE3. The cloned β-xylanase was covalently bound to iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles coated with silica utilizing carbodiimide. The size of the immobilized MNPs (50 nm) and their binding with β-xylanase were characterized by Fourier-transform electron microscopy (FTIR) (a change in shift particularly from C–O to C–N) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (spherical in shape and 50 nm in diameter). The results showed that enzyme activity (4.5 ± 0.23 U per mL), thermo-stability (90 °C after 4 hours, residual activity of enzyme calculated as 29.89% ± 0.72), pH stability (91% ± 1.91 at pH 7), metal ion stability (57% ± 1.08 increase with Ca2+), reusability (13 times) and storage stability (96 days storage at 4 °C) of the immobilized β-xylanase was effective and superior. The immobilized β-xylanase exhibited maximal enzyme activity at pH 7 and 90 °C. Repeated enzyme assay and saccharification of pretreated rice straw showed that the MNP-enzyme complex exhibited 56% ± 0.76 and 11% ± 0.56 residual activity after 8 times and 13 times repeated usage. The MNP-enzyme complex showed 17.32% and 15.52% saccharification percentage after 1st and 8th time usage respectively. Immobilized β-xylanase exhibited 96% residual activity on 96 days' storage at 4 °C that showed excellent stability. The β-xylanase gene (DCE06_04615) with 1041 bp cloned from Thermotoga naphthophila was expressed into E. coli BL21 DE3.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Attia Hamid
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Zafar
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Ikram ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asad ur-Rehman
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sikander Ali
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Aftab
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
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Wang L, Wang Y, Chang S, Gao Z, Ma J, Wu B, He B, Wei P. Identification and characterization of a thermostable GH11 xylanase from Paenibacillus campinasensis NTU-11 and the distinct roles of its carbohydrate-binding domain and linker sequence. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112167. [PMID: 34715594 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular thermostable xylanase (XynNTU) from Paenibacillus campinasensis NTU-11, consisted of a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 11 catalytic domain, a Gly/Pro-rich linker sequence (LS) and a family 6 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM6), was identified and expressed in E. coli BL21. The purified XynNTU had a specific activity of 2750 U/mg and an optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 7.0, and retained a residual activity of 58.4% after incubation (60 °C, 48 h). Two truncated mutants, CBM6-truncated form XynNTU-CDLS, CBM6 and linker-truncated form XynNTU-CD, possessed similar values of optimum pH and temperature as the native XynNTU. XynNTU-CD displayed a lower thermostability than XynNTU, whereas for XynNTU-CDLS, more than 90% of residual activity was remained (60 °C, 48 h), indicating that this enzyme presented a higher thermostability than that of the majority of reported GH11 xylanases. Furthermore, XynNTU and two mutants maintained more than 70% of residual activity at pH values of 5-9. Kinetic measurements suggested that CBM6 had a crucial function in the ability of the enzyme to bind and hydrolyze xylan substrates, while LS had a relatively mild influence. Collectively, a noticeable thermostability and a high specific activity of XynNTU and its truncated form XynNTU-CDLS highlights their potentials for diverse industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiya Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Chang
- School of Health and Life Science, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing 210048, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
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Verma D. Extremophilic Prokaryotic Endoxylanases: Diversity, Applicability, and Molecular Insights. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:728475. [PMID: 34566933 PMCID: PMC8458939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.728475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic endoxylanases grabbed attention in recent years due to their applicability under harsh conditions of several industrial processes. Thermophilic, alkaliphilic, and acidophilic endoxylanases found their employability in bio-bleaching of paper pulp, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into xylooligosaccharides, bioethanol production, and improving the nutritious value of bread and other bakery products. Xylanases obtained from extremophilic bacteria and archaea are considered better than fungal sources for several reasons. For example, enzymatic activity under broad pH and temperature range, low molecular weight, cellulase-free activity, and longer stability under extreme conditions of prokaryotic derived xylanases make them a good choice. In addition, a short life span, easy cultivation/harvesting methods, higher yield, and rapid DNA manipulations of bacterial and archaeal cells further reduces the overall cost of the product. This review focuses on the diversity of prokaryotic endoxylanases, their characteristics, and their functional attributes. Besides, the molecular mechanisms of their extreme behavior have also been presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Singh S, Pillai S. Beauveria bassiana Xylanase: Characterization and Wastepaper Deinking Potential of a Novel Glycosyl Hydrolase from an Endophytic Fungal Entomopathogen. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080668. [PMID: 34436207 PMCID: PMC8398892 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus widely used as a biopesticide for insect control; it has also been shown to exist as an endophyte, promoting plant growth in many instances. This study highlights an alternative potential of the fungus; in the production of an industrially important biocatalyst, xylanase. In this regard, Beauveria bassiana SAN01 xylanase was purified to homogeneity and subsequently characterized. The purified xylanase was found to have a specific activity of 324.2 U·mg−1 and an estimated molecular mass of ~37 kDa. In addition, it demonstrated optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 45 °C while obeying Michaelis–Menton kinetics towards beechwood xylan with apparent Km, Vmax and kcat of 1.98 mg·mL−1, 6.65 μM·min−1 and 0.62 s−1 respectively. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Ag2+ and Fe3+ while it was significantly enhanced by Co2+ and Mg2+. Furthermore, the xylanase was shown to effectively deink wastepaper at an optimal rate of 106.72% through its enzymatic disassociation of the fiber-ink bonds as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. This is the first study to demonstrate the biotechnological application of a homogeneously purified glycosyl hydrolase from B. bassiana.
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Rahimian Gavaseraei H, Hasanzadeh R, Afsharnezhad M, Foroutan Kalurazi A, Shahangian SS, Aghamaali MR, Aminzadeh S. Identification, heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel cellulase-free xylanase B from the thermophilic bacterium Cohnella sp.A01. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Algan M, Sürmeli Y, Şanlı-Mohamed G. A novel thermostable xylanase from Geobacillus vulcani GS90: Production, biochemical characterization, and its comparative application in fruit juice enrichment. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13716. [PMID: 33788288 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases have great attention to act as a potential role in agro-industrial processes. In this study, production, characterization, and fruit juice application of novel xylanase from thermophilic Geobacillus vulcani GS90 (GvXyl) were performed. GvXyl was purified via acetone precipitation and gel-filtration chromatography. The results showed that GvXyl had 1,671.4 U/mg of specific activity and optimally worked at pH 8 and 55°C. It was also active in a wide pH (3-9) and temperature (30-90ºC) ranges. GvXyl was highly stable at 90ºC and relatively stable at pH 3-9. The kinetic parameters of GvXyl were obtained as Km , Vmax , and kcat ; 10.2 mg/ml, 4,104 µmol min-1 mg-1 , and 3,542.6 s-1 , respectively. GvXyl had higher action than commercial xylanase in fruit juice enrichment. These results revealed that GvXyl might possess a potential influence in fruit juice processing because of its high specific activity and great thermal stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Polysaccharides include starch, pectin, and hemicellulose create problems by lowering fruit juice quality in beverages. To overcome this problem, various clarification processes might be applied to natural fruit juices. Even though chemicals are widely used for this purpose, recently enzymes including xylanases are preferred for obtaining high-quality products. In this study, we reported the production and biochemical characterization of novel thermostable xylanase from thermophilic G. vulcani GS90 (GvXyl). Also, apple and orange juice enrichment were performed with the novel xylanase to increase the quality in terms of yield, clarity, and reducing sugar substance. The improved quality features of apple and orange juices with GvXyl was then compared to commercially available β-1,4-xylanase. The results revealed that GvXyl might possess a potential influence in fruit juice processing because of its high specific activity and great thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Algan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sürmeli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Şanlı-Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey.,Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
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Lanzilli M, Esercizio N, Vastano M, Xu Z, Nuzzo G, Gallo C, Manzo E, Fontana A, d’Ippolito G. Effect of Cultivation Parameters on Fermentation and Hydrogen Production in the Phylum Thermotogae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010341. [PMID: 33396970 PMCID: PMC7795431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylum Thermotogae is composed of a single class (Thermotogae), 4 orders (Thermotogales, Kosmotogales, Petrotogales, Mesoaciditogales), 5 families (Thermatogaceae, Fervidobacteriaceae, Kosmotogaceae, Petrotogaceae, Mesoaciditogaceae), and 13 genera. They have been isolated from extremely hot environments whose characteristics are reflected in the metabolic and phenotypic properties of the Thermotogae species. The metabolic versatility of Thermotogae members leads to a pool of high value-added products with application potentials in many industry fields. The low risk of contamination associated with their extreme culture conditions has made most species of the phylum attractive candidates in biotechnological processes. Almost all members of the phylum, especially those in the order Thermotogales, can produce bio-hydrogen from a variety of simple and complex sugars with yields close to the theoretical Thauer limit of 4 mol H2/mol consumed glucose. Acetate, lactate, and L-alanine are the major organic end products. Thermotagae fermentation processes are influenced by various factors, such as hydrogen partial pressure, agitation, gas sparging, culture/headspace ratio, inoculum, pH, temperature, nitrogen sources, sulfur sources, inorganic compounds, metal ions, etc. Optimization of these parameters will help to fully unleash the biotechnological potentials of Thermotogae and promote their applications in industry. This article gives an overview of how these operational parameters could impact Thermotogae fermentation in terms of sugar consumption, hydrogen yields, and organic acids production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariamichela Lanzilli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Nunzia Esercizio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Marco Vastano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Giuliana d’Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (M.L.); (N.E.); (M.V.); (G.N.); (C.G.); (E.M.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-8675096
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14
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Saleem A, Waris S, Ahmed T, Tabassum R. Biochemical characterization and molecular docking of cloned xylanase gene from Bacillus subtilis RTS expressed in E. coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 168:310-321. [PMID: 33309670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study employed mesophilic Bacillus subtilis RTS strain isolated from soil with high xylanolytic activity. A 642 bp (xyn) xylanase gene (GenBank accession number MT677937) was extracted from Bacillus subtilis RTS and cloned in Escherichia coli BL21 cells using pET21c expression system. The cloned gene belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 11 with protein size of approximately 23 KDa. The recombinant xylanase showed optimal enzyme activity at 60 °C and at pH 6.5. Thermostability of recombinant xylanase was observed between the temperature range of 30-60 °C. Xylanase also remained stable in different concentration of various organic solvents (ethanol, butanol). This might be due to the formation of protein/organic solvent interface which prevents stripping of essential water molecules from enzyme, thus enzyme conformation and activity remained stable. Finally, the molecular docking analysis through AutoDock Vina showed the involvement of Tyr 108, Arg140 and Pro144 in protein-ligand interaction, which stabilizes this complex. The observed stability of recombinant xylanase at higher temperature and in the presence of organic solvent (ethanol, butanol) suggested possible application of this enzyme in biofuel and other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Saleem
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saboora Waris
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Quaid- e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Dept of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Toheed Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Romana Tabassum
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Alves KJ, da Silva MCP, Cotta SR, Ottoni JR, van Elsas JD, de Oliveira VM, Andreote FD. Mangrove soil as a source for novel xylanase and amylase as determined by cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:217-228. [PMID: 31741310 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanase and α-amylase enzymes participate in the degradation of organic matter, acting in hemicellulose and starch mineralization, respectively, and are in high demand for industrial use. Mangroves represent a promising source for bioprospecting enzymes due to their unique characteristics, such as fluctuations in oxic/anoxic conditions and salinity. In this context, the present work aimed to bioprospect xylanases from mangrove soil using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. Through screening from a metagenomic library, three potentially xylanolytic clones were obtained and sequenced, and reads were assembled into contigs and annotated. The contig MgrBr135 was affiliated with the Planctomycetaceae family and was one of 30 ORFs selected for subcloning that demonstrated only amylase activity. Through the cultivation method, 38 bacterial isolates with xylanolytic activity were isolated. Isolate 11 showed an enzymatic index of 10.9 using the plate assay method. Isolate 39 achieved an enzyme activity of 0.43 U/mL using the colorimetric method with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid. Isolate 39 produced xylanase on culture medium with salinity ranging from 1.25 to 5%. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified isolates in the Bacillus and Paenibacillus genera. The results of this study highlight the importance of mangroves as an enzyme source and show that bacterial groups can be used for starch and hemicellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jaqueline Alves
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Padua Dias Avenue, 11 CP 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Mylenne Calciolari Pinheiro da Silva
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Padua Dias Avenue, 11 CP 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Raposo Cotta
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Centenario Avenue, 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Júlia Ronzella Ottoni
- University Center Dinâmica das Cataratas, Castelo Branco Street, 349, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, 85852-010, Brazil
| | - Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria Maia de Oliveira
- Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Alexandre Cazellato Avenue, 999, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13140-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dini Andreote
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Padua Dias Avenue, 11 CP 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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