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Ali MY, Gao J, Zhang Z, Hossain MM, Sethupathy S, Zhu D. Directional co-immobilization of artificial multimeric-enzyme complexes as a robust biocatalyst for biosynthesis curcumin glucosides and regeneration of UDP-glucose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:135035. [PMID: 39182864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Site-directed protein immobilization allows the homogeneous orientation of proteins while maintaining high activity, which is advantageous for various applications. In this study, the use of SpyCatcher/SpyTag technology and magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4 NPs) nanoparticles were used to prepare a site-directed immobilization of BsUGT2m from Bacillus subtilis and AtSUSm from Arabidopsis thaliana for enhancing curcumin glucoside production with UDP-glucose regeneration from sucrose and UDP. The immobilization of self-assembled multienzyme complex (MESAs) enzymes were characterized for immobilization parameters and stability, including thermal, pH, storage stability, and reusability. The immobilized MESAs exhibited a 2.5-fold reduction in UDP consumption, enhancing catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the immobilized MESAs demonstrated high storage and temperature stability over 21 days at 4 °C and 25 °C, outperforming their free counterparts. Reusability assays showed that the immobilized MESAs retained 78.7 % activity after 10 cycles. Utilizing fed-batch technology, the cumulative titer of curcumin 4'-O-β-D-glucoside reached 6.51 mM (3.57 g/L) and 9.45 mM (5.18 g/L) for free AtSUSm/BsUGT2m and immobilized MESAs, respectively, over 12 h. This study demonstrates the efficiency of magnetic nickel ferrite nanoparticles in co-immobilizing enzymes, enhancing biocatalysts' catalytic efficiency, reusability, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassin Ali
- International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Biomass Biorefinery, Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Jiayue Gao
- International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Biomass Biorefinery, Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Biomass Biorefinery, Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Md Muzammel Hossain
- International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Biomass Biorefinery, Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Biomass Biorefinery, Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- International Joint Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Biomass Biorefinery, Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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2
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Im JK, Seo DH, Yu JS, Yoo SH. Efficient and novel biosynthesis of myricetin α-triglucoside with improved solubility using amylosucrase from Deinococcus deserti. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133205. [PMID: 38885871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Although myricetin (3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavone, MYR) has a high antioxidant capacity and health functions, its use as a functional food material is limited owing to its low stability and water solubility. Amylosucrase (ASase) is capable of biosynthesizing flavonol α-glycoside using flavonols as acceptor molecules and sucrose as a donor molecule. Here, ASase from Deinococcus deserti (DdAS) efficiently biosynthesizes a novel MYR α-triglucoside (MYRαG3) using MYR as the acceptor molecule. Comparative homology analysis and computational simulation revealed that DdAS has a different active pocket for the transglycosylation reaction. DdAS produced MYRαG3 with a conversion efficiency of 67.4 % using 10 mM MYR and 50 mM sucrose as acceptor and donor molecules, respectively. The structure of MYRαG3 was identified as MYR 4'-O-4″,6″-tri-O-α-D-glucopyranoside using NMR and LC-MS. In silico analysis confirmed that DdAS has a distinct active pocket compared to other ASases. In addition, molecular docking simulations predicted the synthetic sequence of MYRαG3. Furthermore, MYRαG3 showed a similar DPPH radical scavenging activity of 49 %, comparable to MYR, but with significantly higher water solubility, which increased from 0.03 μg/mL to 511.5 mg/mL. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficient biosynthesis of a novel MYRαG3 using DdAS and highlighted the potential of MYRαG3 as a functional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Ki Im
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- Department of Integrative Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zhao P, Tian Y, Geng Y, Zeng C, Ma X, Kang J, Lu L, Zhang X, Tang B, Geng F. Aconitine and its derivatives: bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and preliminary molecular mechanisms. Front Chem 2024; 12:1339364. [PMID: 38318112 PMCID: PMC10839071 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1339364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aconitine (AC), which is the primary bioactive diterpene alkaloid derived from Aconitum L plants, have attracted considerable interest due to its unique structural feature. Additionally, AC demonstrates a range of biological activities, such as its ability to enhance cardiac function, inhibit tumor growth, reduce inflammation, and provide analgesic effects. However, the structure-activity relationships of AC are remain unclear. A clear understanding of these relationships is indeed critical in developing effective biomedical applications with AC. In line with these challenges, this paper summarized the structural characteristics of AC and relevant functional and bioactive properties and the structure-activity relationships presented in biomedical applications. The primary temporal scope of this review was established as the period spanning from 2010 to 2023. Subsequently, the objective of this review was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific action mechanism of AC, while also exploring potential novel applications of AC derivatives in the biomedical field, drawing upon their structural characteristics. In conclusion, this review has provided a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and prospects associated with AC in the elucidation of structure-bioactivity relationships. Furthermore, the importance of exploring modern biotechnology approaches to enhance the potential biomedical applications of AC has been emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Guizhou Yunfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Yuefei Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenjuan Zeng
- Guizhou Yunfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Xiuying Ma
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Guizhou Yunfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Sichuan Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals, Chengdu, China
| | - Funeng Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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4
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Tao Y, Xu J, Shao J, He X, Cai R, Chen K, Li Y, Jia H. Three Glycosyltransferase Mutants in a One-Pot Multi-enzyme System with Enhanced Efficiency for Biosynthesis of Quercetin-3,4'- O-diglucoside. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6662-6672. [PMID: 37079496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside (Q3,4'G), among the major dietary flavonoids, is superior to quercetin aglycone or quercetin monoglucoside in solubility. However, its low content in nature makes it hard to be prepared in large quantities by traditional extraction methods. In the present study, the F378S mutant of UGT78D2 (78D2_F378S) derived from Arabidopsis thaliana with improved regioselectivity and the V371A mutant of UGT73G1 (73G1_V371A) derived from Allium cepa were adopted to realize a two-step continuous glycosylation of quercetin to produce Q3,4'G. The mutation S31D was introduced to the sucrose synthase from Micractinium conductrix with enhanced activity, which was responsible for regenerating UDP-glucose by coupling with 78D2_F378S and 73G1_V371A. Using the aforementioned enzymes, prepared from the three-enzyme co-expression strain, 4.4 ± 0.03 g/L (7.0 ± 0.05 mM, yield 21.2%) Q3,4'G was produced from 10 g/L quercetin after reaction for 24 h at 45 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Tao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junlan Shao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ruxin Cai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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5
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Han R, Fang H, Fan Z, Ji Y, Schwaneberg U, Ni Y. Coupled reaction of glycosyltransferase and sucrose synthase for high-yielding and cost-effective synthesis of rosin. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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6
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Wojnowska M, Feng X, Chen Y, Deng H, O'Hagan D. Identification of Genes Essential for Fluorination and Sulfamylation within the Nucleocidin Gene Clusters of Streptomyces calvus and Streptomyces virens. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200684. [PMID: 36548247 PMCID: PMC10946740 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gene cluster in Streptomyces calvus associated with the biosynthesis of the fluoro- and sulfamyl-metabolite nucleocidin was interrogated by systematic gene knockouts. Out of the 26 gene deletions, most did not affect fluorometabolite production, nine abolished sulfamylation but not fluorination, and three precluded fluorination, but had no effect on sulfamylation. In addition to nucI, nucG, nucJ, nucK, nucL, nucN, nucO, nucQ and nucP, we identified two genes (nucW, nucA), belonging to a phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate (PAPS) gene cluster, as required for sulfamyl assembly. Three genes (orf(-3), orf2 and orf3) were found to be essential for fluorination, although the activities of their protein products are unknown. These genes as well as nucK, nucN, nucO and nucPNP, whose knockouts produced results differing from those described in a recent report, were also deleted in Streptomyces virens - with confirmatory outcomes. This genetic profile should inform biochemistry aimed at uncovering the enzymology behind nucleocidin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wojnowska
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Xuan Feng
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Yawen Chen
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenAB24 3UEUK
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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7
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Cao JN, Wang WH, Qu YJ, Xue GL, Wei ZY, Liu JQ, Han HY, Zhang S, Song P. Biosynthesis and evaluation of a novel highly water-soluble quercetin glycoside derivative. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:754-760. [PMID: 34647847 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1981875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (1) was converted into quercetin 7-O-succinyl glucoside (2) by used Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FJ18 as a solvent-resistant whole-cell biocatalyst. The structure of the new compound was confirmed by LC-MS analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The water-solubility of this novel quercetin 7-O-succinyl glucoside (2) was approximately 1000 times higher than that of native quercetin (2). Quercetin (1) and quercetin 7-O-succinyl glucoside (2) exhibited significant DPPH scavenging capacity with IC50 values of 23.55 and 36.05 µM, respectively. Both compounds showed moderate cytotoxic effects against the two human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HepG2) with IC50 values ranging from 39.45-63.38 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Cao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation Center of Chinese Medical Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan-Jun Qu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guo-Li Xue
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Wei
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation Center of Chinese Medical Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui-Ying Han
- Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation Center of Chinese Medical Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation Center of Chinese Medical Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Exploring the Strategy of Fusing Sucrose Synthase to Glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 in Enzymatic Biotransformation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) as fine catalysts of glycosylation are increasingly used in the synthesis of natural products. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) is recognized as a powerful tool for in situ regenerating sugar donors for the UGT-catalyzed reaction. It is crucial to select the appropriate SuSy for cooperation with UGT in a suitable way. In the present study, eukaryotic SuSy from Arabidopsisthaliana (AtSUS1) helped stevia glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 achieve the complete conversion of stevioside (30 g/L) into rebaudioside A (RebA). Position of the individual transcription units containing the genes encoding AtSUS1 and UGT76G1 in the expression plasmid has an effect, but less than that of the fusion order of these genes on RebA yield. Fusion of the C-terminal of AtSUS1 and the N-terminal of UGT76G1 with rigid linkers are conducive to maintaining enzyme activities. When the same fusion strategy was applied to a L637M-T640V double mutant of prokaryotic SuSy from Acidithiobacillus caldus (AcSuSym), 18.8 ± 0.6 g/L RebA (a yield of 78.2%) was accumulated in the reaction mixture catalyzed by the fusion protein Acm-R3-76G1 (the C-terminal of AcSuSym and the N-terminal of UGT76G1 were linked with (EAAAK)3). This work would hopefully reveal the potential of UGT-SuSy fusion in improving the cascade enzymatic glycosylation.
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9
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Zhang LJ, Wang DG, Zhang P, Wu C, Li YZ. Promiscuity Characteristics of Versatile Plant Glycosyltransferases for Natural Product Glycodiversification. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:812-819. [PMID: 35076210 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycodiversification can optimize the properties of pharmaceutical compounds, and versatile glycosyltransferases (GTs) are the key enzymatic toolkits to achieve this goal. Plant GTs in the GT1 family (GT1-pGTs) have attracted much attention due to their promising substrate promiscuity, but previous investigations on GT1-pGTs were mainly conducted sporadically and without systematic phylogenetic comparisons. In this study, we exemplified the phylogeny-guided characterization of highly promiscuous GT1-pGTs from the contemporary surge of genomic information. All the available GT1-pGT sequences in the database were analyzed to explore the relationships between the substrate promiscuity and the phylogeny of GT1-pGTs. This systematic phylogenetic analysis directed us to choose 29 anonymous GT sequences from different evolutionary branches to probe their substrate promiscuity toward 10 aromatic compounds differing in chemical scaffolds. We found that promiscuous plant GTs (PPGTs) active toward ≥3 substrates were widely distributed in different clades but particularly enriched in the one containing the known promiscuous enzyme GuGT10. Ten highly promiscuous plant GTs were found to tolerate a wide spectrum (≥8) of substrates and inclusively catalyze the formation of O-, N-, and S-glycosidic bonds. The promiscuity of these 10 PPGTs was further tested using 15 sugar donors. Finally, we characterized FiGT2 that simultaneously exhibited pronounced promiscuity in terms of both the sugar acceptor and sugar donor. All in all, this study paves the way to unearth many more PPGTs and thus strengthen the enzymatic toolkit for the sustainable production of valuable glycosides through a synthetic biological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - De-Gao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, P. R. China
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Heath RS, Ruscoe RE, Turner NJ. The beauty of biocatalysis: sustainable synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:335-388. [PMID: 34879125 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to July 2021The market for cosmetics is consumer driven and the desire for green, sustainable and natural ingredients is increasing. The use of isolated enzymes and whole-cell organisms to synthesise these products is congruent with these values, especially when combined with the use of renewable, recyclable or waste feedstocks. The literature of biocatalysis for the synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics in the past five years is herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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11
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Pu Y, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Hou T, Zhang T, Zhang T, Wang B. Comparison of Pinoresinol and its Diglucoside on their ADME Properties and Vasorelaxant Effects on Phenylephrine-Induced Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695530. [PMID: 34434107 PMCID: PMC8381248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinoresinol (PINL) and pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), two natural lignans found in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Duzhong), have several pharmacological activities. However, there is no report available on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) properties. Given the possible wide spectrum of their application in therapeutic areas, this area should be investigated. This work studied the in vitro ADME properties of PDG and PINL, including their kinetic solubility, permeability across monolayer cells (PAMPA), protein binding, and metabolic stabilities in liver microsomes. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study and in vitro vasorelaxant effects on isolated phenylephrine-induced aortic rings of PINL and PDG were also investigated. It was found that both of their kinetic solubility in PBS (pH 7.4) was greater than 100 μM, indicating that they are both soluble compounds. The permeability investigations (Peff) by PAMPA indicated that PINL had higher permeability than PDG (p < 0.05). Both components represented moderate plasma protein binding activities (average binding rate in human plasma: PINL 89.03%, PDG 45.21%) and low metabolic rate (t1/2 in human liver microsome: PINL 1509.5 min, PDG 1004.8 min). Furthermore, the results of pharmacokinetic studies indicated that PINL might be eliminated less quickly than PDG from the rat plasma, and its cumulative urinary excretion was much lower than that of PDG. The phenylephrine-induced aortic rings demonstrated concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in PDG, PINL, or their combination group. The vasorelaxant effects of PINL were more obvious than those of PDG, whereas the vasorelaxant effect of the combinations was significantly better than that of the single component (p < 0.05). The similarity or difference between PINL and its diglucoside in these pharmaceutical aspects may offer valuable insights into the further exploration of lignans and might contribute to relevant studies involving natural products with similar molecular structure and their glucosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Cai
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianling Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Teng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrated Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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12
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Glycans and Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:231-280. [PMID: 33052414 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates have great potential to improve human health in a multitude of different ways and fields. Prominent examples are human milk oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycans. The typical choice for the production of homogeneous glycoconjugates is enzymatic synthesis. Through the availability of expression and purification protocols, recombinant Leloir glycosyltransferases are widely applied as catalysts for the synthesis of a wide range of glycoconjugates. Extensive utilization of these enzymes also depends on the availability of activated sugars as building blocks. Multi-enzyme cascades have proven a versatile technique to synthesize and in situ regenerate nucleotide sugar.In this chapter, the functions and mechanisms of Leloir glycosyltransferases are revisited, and the advantage of prokaryotic sources and production systems is discussed. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro pathways for the synthesis of nucleotide sugar are reviewed. In the second part, recent and prominent examples of the application of Leloir glycosyltransferase are given, i.e., the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, glycoconjugate vaccines, and human milk oligosaccharides as well as the re-glycosylation of biopharmaceuticals, and the status of automated glycan assembly is revisited.
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