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Biermann R, Beutel S. Endospore production of Bacillus spp. for industrial use. Eng Life Sci 2023; 23:e2300013. [PMID: 37970521 PMCID: PMC10630785 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased occurrence of antibiotic resistance and the harmful use of pesticides are a major problem of modern times. A ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal breeding has put a focus on the probiotics market. Probiotic food supplements are versatile and show promising results in animal and human nutrition. Chemical pesticides can be substituted by biopesticides, which are very effective against various pests in plants due to increased research. What these fields have in common is the use of spore-forming bacteria. The endospore-forming Bacillus spp. belonging to this group offer an effective solution to the aforementioned problems. Therefore, the biotechnological production of sufficient qualities of such endospores has become an innovative and financially viable field of research. In this review, the production of different Bacillus spp. endospores will be reviewed. For this purpose, the media compositions, cultivation conditions and bioprocess optimization methods of the last 20 years are presented and reflected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riekje Biermann
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
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Gu M, Fu J, Yan H, Yue X, Zhao S, Zhang Q, Li P. Approach for quick exploration of highly effective broad-spectrum biocontrol strains based on PO8 protein inhibition. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:45. [PMID: 37658048 PMCID: PMC10474023 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a group of strongly toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and other Aspergillus species, which caused food contamination and food loss problems widely across the world especially in developing countries, thus threatening human health and sustainable development. So, it is important to develop new, green, and broad-spectrum biocontrol technology for the prevention of aflatoxin contamination sources. Previously, we found that the PO8 protein from aflatoxigenic A. flavus could be used as a biomarker to predict aflatoxin production in peanuts (so the PO8 is named as an early warning molecule), which infers that the PO8 is relative to aflatoxin production. Therefore, in the study, based on inhibiting the PO8, a new and quick strategy for screening aflatoxin biocontrol strains for developing control agents was presented. With the PO8 inhibition method, four biocontrol strains (2 strains were isolated from peanut kernels with sterilized surface and another 2 strains from peanut rhizosphere soil) were selected and combined to increase prevention wide-spectrum. As a result, the combination showed over 90% inhibition to all tested aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolated from three different peanut production areas (north, middle, and south areas of China), and better than any single strain. The field experiments located in five provinces of China showed that the practice prevention effects (inhibition of aflatoxigenic fungi on the surface of the peanuts) were from 50% to over 80%. The results indicated that the strategy of inhibiting the early warning molecule PO8 can be used to develop aflatoxin control agents well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Gu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jiayun Fu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Honglin Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430061, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Institute of Food Safety, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Wuhan, 430061, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Wuhan, 430061, China.
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, P. R. China.
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Jiang D, Yang M, Xu J, Deng L, Hu C, Zhang L, Sun Y, Jiang J, Lu L. Three-stage fermentation of the feed and the application on weaned piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1123563. [PMID: 36876012 PMCID: PMC9978217 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that soybean meal (SBM) contains high levels of anti-nutritional factors, which interrupt gastrointestinal homeostasis or metabolism normally of the weaned piglets. Here, the mixed probiotics, including Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis, CGMCC 8147), Saccharomyces cerevisiae H11 (S. cerevisiae H11) and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei, CGMCC 8149) were applied to the three-stage fermentation of functional feed. Our research investigated the optimum ratio of inoculation, optimal time of inoculation, combination of substrates, and nutritional value of the fermented feed. The optimal microbial combination was B. licheniformis: S. cerevisiae: L. casei = 2:2:1, inoculating at 0, 12 and 24 h, respectively. The results revealed that crude protein and acid-soluble protein were remarkably improved and had lower pH. Trypsin inhibitor, glycine and β-glycine were reduced by 79.86, 77.18, and 69.29%, respectively. Moreover, animal trials further evaluated the growth-promoting effects of the fermented feed. It was noted that the average daily gain of weaned piglets was significantly higher, and the ratio of feed with weight, diarrhea incidence and mortality were lower significantly. The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G(IgG), IgA, IgM, Complement C3 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and lysozyme activity were all increased. The relative abundance of fecal microbiota improved, especially lactobacillus, which increased the abundance of fecal dominant probiotics. Overall, the fermented feed may be conducive to the growth and health of weaned piglets by improving nutritional value, immunity properties, relative abundance of fecal microflora, and decreasing anti-nutritional factors of feed, thereby making them viable and usable feedstuffs for potential use in livestock industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Jiang
- Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Manqi Yang
- Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Zhangzhou DaBeiNong Agriculture and Husbandry Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Jiangxi DaBeiNong Technology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Beijing DaBeiNong Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunzhang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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Kamoun F, Weekers F, Ayed RB, Mechri S, Jabeur F, Thonart P, Jaouadi B. Multiple linear regression models to simulate spore yields of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS13 through optimization of medium composition. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2686-2697. [PMID: 34994000 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a food spoilage spore-forming bacterium. Its spores are useful for multiple biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, few reports are available regarding the achievement of a high cell density and good sporulation effectiveness under fermentation conditions. Therefore, the current study was designed to optimize a low-cost fermentation medium allowing the highest sporulation yield by B. amyloliquefaciens strain BS13. Our data revealed that tryptone and starch were the best carbon and energy sources. In addition, two nitrogen sources namely, corn steep liquor (CSL) and yeast extract (YE), allowed a significant enhancement of spore production and they were both retained for further optimization. A combination of CaCl2 , MgSO4 , and MnSO4 showed a positive impact on spores' production. The composition of the optimized medium was (in g/L); tryptone 3, starch 15, CSL 13.5, YE 1.5, CaCl2 0.1, MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0.012, and MnSO4 ·7H2 O 0.0012. Such medium was further validated in a 400-L fermentor. The spore yield by B. amyloliquefaciens strain BS13 was enhanced from 3.0 × 1010 spores/mL under flask culture conditions to 6.2 × 1010 spores/mL when cultures were performed on large scale. Therefore, strain BS13 spore preparation could be proposed as a promising probiotic and a biocontrol agent useful for plants, animals, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakher Kamoun
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Rayda Ben Ayed
- Laboratoire de Procédés de Criblage Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Jabeur
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Thonart
- Centre Wallon de Biologie Industrielle, Unité de Technologie Microbienne, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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