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Reza A, Chen L, Mao X. Response surface methodology for process optimization in livestock wastewater treatment: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30326. [PMID: 38726140 PMCID: PMC11078649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing demand for meat and dairy products, the volume of wastewater generated from the livestock industry has become a significant environmental concern. The treatment of livestock wastewater (LWW) is a challenging process that involves removing nutrients, organic matter, pathogens, and other pollutants from livestock manure and urine. In response to this challenge, researchers have developed and investigated different biological, physical, and chemical treatment technologies that perform better upon optimization. Optimization of LWW handling processes can help improve the efficacy and sustainability of treatment systems as well as minimize environmental impacts and associated costs. Response surface methodology (RSM) as an optimization approach can effectively optimize operational parameters that affect process performance. This review article summarizes the main steps of RSM, recent applications of RSM in LWW treatment, highlights the advantages and limitations of this technique, and provides recommendations for future research and practice, including its cost-effectiveness, accuracy, and ability to improve treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Reza
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID, 83303-1827, USA
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-5000, USA
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Lide Chen
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID, 83303-1827, USA
| | - Xinwei Mao
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-5000, USA
- Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-4424, USA
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Silva-Gálvez AL, López-Sánchez A, Camargo-Valero MA, Prosenc F, González-López ME, Gradilla-Hernández MS. Strategies for livestock wastewater treatment and optimised nutrient recovery using microalgal-based technologies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120258. [PMID: 38387343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Global sustainable development faces several challenges in addressing the needs of a growing population. Regarding food industries, the heightening pressure to meet these needs has resulted in increased waste generation. Thus, recognising these wastes as valuable resources is crucial to integrating sustainable models into current production systems. For instance, the current 24 billion tons of nutrient-rich livestock wastewater (LW) generated yearly could be recovered and valorised via biological uptake through microalgal biomass. Microalgae-based livestock wastewater treatment (MbLWT) has emerged as an effective technology for nutrient recovery, specifically targeting carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. However, the viability and efficacy of these systems rely on the characteristics of LW, including organic matter and ammonium concentration, content of suspended solids, and microbial load. Thus, this systematic literature review aims to provide guidance towards implementing an integral MbLWT system for nutrient control and recovery, discussing several pre-treatments used in literature to overcome the challenges regarding LW as a suitable media for microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Silva-Gálvez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Anaid López-Sánchez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero
- BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Franja Prosenc
- BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Martín Esteban González-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Shetty BD, Pandey PK, Mai K. Microbial diversity in dairy manure environment under liquid-solid separation systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38310325 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2309481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In dairy manure, a wide array of microorganisms, including many pathogens, survive and grow under suitable conditions. This microbial community offers a tremendous opportunity for studying animal health, the transport of microbes into the soil, air, and water, and consequential impacts on public health. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of manure management practices on the microbial community of manure. The key novelty of this work is to identify the impacts of various stages of manure management on microbes living in dairy manure. In general, the majority of dairy farms in California use a flush system to manage dairy manure, which involves liquid-solid separations. To separate liquid and solid in manure, Multi-stage Alternate Dairy Effluent Management Systems (ADEMS) that use mechanical separation systems (MSS) or weeping wall separation systems (WWSS) are used. Thus, this study was conducted to understand how these manure management systems affect the microbial community. We studied the microbial communities in the WWSS and MSS separation systems, as well as in the four stages of the ADEMS. The 16S rRNA gene from the extracted genomic DNA of dairy manure was amplified using the NovoSeq Illumina next-generation sequencing platform. The sequencing data were used to perform the analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and multi-response permutation procedure (MRRP) statistical tests, and the results showed that microbial communities among WWSS and MSS were significantly different (p < 0.05). These findings have significant practical implications for the design and implementation of manure management practices in dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dharmaveer Shetty
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pramod K Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Mai
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Grell T, Harris PW, Marchuk S, Jenkins S, McCabe BK, Tait S. Biochemical methane potential of dairy manure residues and separated fractions: An Australia-wide study of the impact of production and cleaning systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129903. [PMID: 37884094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated biochemical methane potential (B0) of manure residues and solid-liquid separation fractions from Australian dairies. This is important for country-specific sector emissions and biogas potential estimates. A range of samples were collected from 12 farms across 4 Australian states, and B0 was measured. A first B0 value for grazing dairy effluent is reported, at 161 LCH4·kgVS-1. The B0 of manure residues from intensive dairies with total mixed ration feeding was not significantly different, at 202 LCH4·kgVS-1. Passive solid-liquid separation decreased B0 with potential fugitive methane losses. Mechanical separation preserved B0, allowing organic matter diversion to reduce fugitive methane emissions. Cleaning method at a dairy significantly influenced residue total solids content, important for solid-liquid separation and selection of anaerobic digestion technology. Overall, B0 for Australian dairy residues was estimated at 76.2 million m3N methane per annum, with a total energy content of 2.8 petajoules·annum-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Grell
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Peter W Harris
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Serhiy Marchuk
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Sasha Jenkins
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bernadette K McCabe
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.
| | - Stephan Tait
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.
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Qian J, Xu C, Song H, Zhou W, Toda T, Li H, Takayama Y, Sekine M, Koga S, Li J, Liu J. Enhancing algal growth and nutrient recovery from anaerobic digestion piggery effluent by an integrated pretreatment strategy of ammonia stripping and flocculation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1219103. [PMID: 37456717 PMCID: PMC10339316 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1219103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion piggery effluent (ADPE) with a quite high ammonium (NH4 +) concentration and turbidity (dark brown color) generally requires high dilution before microalgae cultivation, owing to its NH4 + toxicity and color inhibition to algal growth. An integrated pretreatment strategy of ammonia stripping and chemical flocculation may be a more practical pretreatment procedure for enhancing algae yield and nutrient recovery from anaerobic digestion piggery effluent. In this study, we determined the optimum pretreatment strategy of anaerobic digestion piggery effluent for subsequent microalgae cultivation and nutrient recovery. The results showed that the integrated anaerobic digestion piggery effluent pretreatment strategy of high-temperature ammonia stripping and chemical flocculation at a mixed dosage of 2 g L-1 polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and 40 mg L-1 cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM), and 50 mg L-1 ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N) enrichment provided maximum algal yield (optical density = 1.8) and nutrient removal (95.2%, 98.7%, 99.3%, and 78.5% for the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen, NH4 +-N, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand, respectively) from anaerobic digestion piggery effluent. The integrated pretreatment strategy is expected to become a more practical pretreatment procedure for enhancing algae yield and nutrient recovery from anaerobic digestion piggery effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hanwu Song
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tatsuki Toda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hongwu Li
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takayama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sekine
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Koga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Shetty BD, Amaly N, Weimer BC, Pandey P. Predicting Escherichia coli levels in manure using machine learning in weeping wall and mechanical liquid solid separation systems. Front Artif Intell 2023; 5:921924. [PMID: 36686852 PMCID: PMC9848401 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2022.921924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased understanding of the interaction between manure management and public and environmental health has led to the development of Alternative Dairy Effluent Management Strategies (ADEMS). The efficiency of such ADEMS can be increased using mechanical solid-liquid-separator (SLS) or gravitational Weeping-Wall (WW) solid separation systems. In this research, using pilot study data from 96 samples, the chemical, physical, biological, seasonal, and structural parameters between SLS and WW of ADEM systems were compared. Parameters including sodium, potassium, total salts, volatile solids, pH, and E. coli levels were significantly different between the SLS and WW of ADEMS. The separated solid fraction of the dairy effluents had the lowest E. coli levels, which could have beneficial downstream implications in terms of microbial pollution control. To predict effluent quality and microbial pollution risk, we used Escherichia coli as the indicator organism, and a versatile machine learning, ensemble, stacked, super-learner model called E-C-MAN (Escherichia coli-Manure) was developed. Using pilot data, the E-C-MAN model was trained, and the trained model was validated with the test dataset. These results demonstrate that the heuristic E-C-MAN ensemble model can provide a pilot framework toward predicting Escherichia coli levels in manure treated by SLS or WW systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Dharmaveer Shetty
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Noha Amaly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Pramod Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Pramod Pandey
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Zhu S, Jiang R, Qin L, Huang D, Yao C, Xu J, Wang Z. Integrated strategies for robust growth of Chlorella vulgaris on undiluted dairy farm liquid digestate and pollutant removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158518. [PMID: 36063926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Undiluted dairy farm liquid digestate contains high levels of organic matters, chromaticity and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), resulting in inhibition to microalgal growth. In this study, a novel cascade pretreatment with ozonation and ammonia stripping (O + S) was employed to remove these inhibitors, and was compared with single pretreatment approach. The optimum parameters for ozonation and ammonia stripping were obtained and the mechanisms of inhibition elimination were investigated. The results show that ozonation contributed to the degradation of non-fluorescent chromophoric organics through the direct molecular ozone attack, which mitigated the inhibition of chromaticity to microalgae, while ammonia stripping relieved the inhibition of high TAN to microalgae. After cascade pretreatment, TAN, total nitrogen (TN), COD and chromaticity were reduced by 80.2 %, 75.4 %, 20.6 % and 75.8 % respectively. When C. vulgaris was cultured on different pretreated digestate, it was found that cascade pretreatment was beneficial for retaining high PSII activity and synergistically improved microalgal growth. The highest biomass increment and productivity achieved 5.40 g L-1 and 900 mg L-1 d-1 respectively in the integration system of cascade pretreatment with microalgae cultivation (O + S + M). After O + S + M treatment, the removal efficiencies of TAN, TN, COD and total phosphorus (TP) were 100 %, 92.8 %, 46.7 % and 99.6 %, respectively. This work provided a promising strategy (O + S + M) for sustainable liquid digestate treatment, along with nutrient recovery and value-added biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunni Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Renyuan Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dalong Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chongzhi Yao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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From manure to high-value fertilizer: The employment of microalgae as a nutrient carrier for sustainable agriculture. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang X, Liu C, Liao W, Wang S, Zhang W, Xie J, Gao Z. Separation efficiency of different solid-liquid separation technologies for slurry and gas emissions of liquid and solid fractions: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114777. [PMID: 35219208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid separation (SLS) technology is widely used in the slurry management in animal farms. This study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 45 published articles to evaluate the differences in separation efficiencies (SEX-SF) of various SLSs and the changes of gas emissions before and after the separation during on-farm slurry storage. The results indicated that the SEX-SF of the untreated raw slurry and acidified slurry were consistently greater than those of the digested slurry, and centrifugation resulted in greater SEX-SF than the other mechanical methods. Both measured and simulated data showed that the centrifuge technology had greater reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to the screw press (56.1-58.0% vs. 38.9-40.2% for untreated slurry, and 29.7-30.2% vs. 22.5-23.2% for digested slurry), mainly due to CH4 reduction. Additionally, we identify the need for further assessment of the environmental risks that are associated with SLSs for the development of an optimal slurry management chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China
| | - Chunjing Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- General Husbandry Station of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Jianzhi Xie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Zhiling Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China.
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