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Zhang Y, Ye Q, Liu B, Feng Z, Zhang X, Luo M, Yang L. Fermenting Distiller's Grains by the Domesticated Microbial Consortium To Release Ferulic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72. [PMID: 38598779 PMCID: PMC11046480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The microbial consortium FA12 that can release ferulic acid (FA) by fermenting distiller's grains was screened from Daqu. Taibaiella, Comamonadaceae, and Ochrobacum were highly abundant in FA12 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the process of long-term acclimation with distiller's grains as a medium, the biomass of FA12 remained stable, and the pH value of fermentation liquid was also relatively stable. Meanwhile, the activities of cellulase, xylanase, and feruloyl esterase secreted by FA12 were stable in the ranges of 0.2350-0.4470, 0.1917-0.3078, and 0.1103-0.1595 U/mL, respectively, and the release of FA could reach 133.77 μg/g. It is proven that the microbial consortium has good genetic stability. In addition, the structural changes of lignocellulose in distiller's grains before and after fermentation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the changes of distiller's grains weight and lignocellulose content before and after fermentation were also detected. These results all confirmed that FA12 had the function of degrading distiller's grains. In this study, we explored a method to use microbial communities to release FA from distiller's grains and degrade lignocellulose in the waste, which opened up a new way for the application of the high value of lost waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
| | - Mingyou Luo
- Xufu
Distillery Co. Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College
of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of
Science & Engineering, Yinbin 643000, China
- Liquor
Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan
Province, Sichuan University of Science
& Engineering, Yibin 643000, China
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Lan J, Ji S, Yang C, Cai G, Lu J, Li X. Extracellular Expression of Feruloyl Esterase and Xylanase in Escherichia coli for Ferulic Acid Production from Agricultural Residues. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1869. [PMID: 37630429 PMCID: PMC10456899 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a large amount of ferulic acid (FA), an outstanding antioxidant, present in agricultural residues. Enzymatic hydrolysis has been regarded as the most effective way to release FA. This present study therefore selected feruloyl esterase (FAE) and xylanase (XYN) from the metagenomes of a cow rumen and a camel rumen, respectively, for their recombinant expression in Escherichia coli BL21 and further application in releasing FA. After screening the candidate signal peptides, the optimal one for each enzyme, which were selected as SP1 and SP4, respectively, was integrated into the vectors pET22b(+) and pETDuet-1. Among the generated E. coli strains SP1-F, SP4-X, and SP1-F-SP4-X that could express extracellular enzymes either separately or simultaneously, the latter one performed the best in relation to degrading the biomass and releasing FA. Under the optimized culture and induction conditions, the strain SP1-F-SP4-X released 90% of FA from 10% of de-starched wheat bran and produced 314.1 mg/L FA, which was deemed to be the highest obtained value to the best of our knowledge. This result could pave a way for the re-utilization of agricultural residues and enhancing their add-value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Shujie Ji
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Chuanjia Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Guolin Cai
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Lu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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Dong X, Zhao D. Ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent in depression: Evidence from preclinical studies. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 37183361 PMCID: PMC10401106 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common but severe mood disorder with a very high prevalence across the general population. Depression is of global concern and poses a threat to human physical and mental health. Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural active ingredient that has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and free radical scavenging properties. Furthermore, studies have shown that FA can exert antidepressant effects through a variety of mechanisms. The aim of the review was to comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms in FA that alleviate depression using animal models. The in vivo (animal) studies on the mechanism of FA treatment of depression were searched in PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Baidu academic, and Wan fang databases. Thereafter, the literature conclusions were summarized accordingly. Ferulic acid was found to significantly improve the depressive-like behaviors of animal models, suggesting that FA is a potential natural product in the treatment of depression. The mechanisms are achieved by enhancing monoamine oxidase A (MOA) activity, inhibiting microglia activation and inflammatory factor release, anti-oxidative stress, promoting hippocampal nerve regeneration, increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion, regulating gut microbiome, and activating protein kinase B/collapsin response mediator protein 2 (AKT/CRMP2) signaling pathway. Ferulic acid produces significant antidepressant effects in animal depression models through various mechanisms, suggesting its potential value as a treatment of depression. However, clinical research trials involving FA are required further to provide a solid foundation for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongxue Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Long L, Wang W, Liu Z, Lin Y, Wang J, Lin Q, Ding S. Insights into the capability of the lignocellulolytic enzymes of Penicillium parvum 4-14 to saccharify corn bran after alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:79. [PMID: 37170321 PMCID: PMC10176746 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corn bran is a major agro-industrial byproduct from corn starch processing. It contains abundant arabinoxylan that can be converted into value-added chemicals via biotechnology. Corn bran arabinoxylan (CBAX) is one of the most recalcitrant xylans for enzymatic degradation due to its particular heterogeneous nature. The present study aimed to investigate the capability of the filamentous fungus Penicillium parvum 4-14 to enzymatically saccharify CBAX and reveal the fungal carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) repertoire by genome sequencing and secretome analysis. RESULTS CBAX1 and CBAX2 with different branching degrees, together with corn bran residue (CBR) were generated from corn bran after alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment and graded ethanol precipitation. The protein blends E_CBAX1, E_CBAX2, and E_CBR were produced by the fungus grown on CBAX1, CBAX2, or CBR, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, E_CBAX1 released more than 80% xylose and arabinose from CBAX1 and CBAX2. Almost complete saccharification of the arabinoxylans was achieved by combining E_CBAX1 and a commercial enzyme cocktail Cellic®CTec3. Approximately 89% glucose, 64% xylose, and 64% arabinose were liberated from CBR by E_CBR. The combination of E_CBR with Cellic®CTec3 enhanced the saccharification of CBR, with conversion ratios of 97% for glucose, 81% for xylose, and 76% for arabinose. A total of 376 CAZymes including plentiful lignocellulolytic enzymes were predicted in P. parvum based on the fungal genomic sequence (25.8 Mb). Proteomic analysis indicated that the expression of CAZymes in P. parvum varied between CBAX1 and CBR, and the fungus produced complete cellulases, numerous hemicellulases, as well as high levels of glycosidases under the culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS This investigation disclosed the CAZyme repertoire of P. parvum at the genomic and proteomic levels, and elaborated on the promising potential of fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes upon saccharification of corn bran biomass after AHP pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkun Long
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuanxin Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qunying Lin
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 211111, China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Feng Z, Xiang H, Zhang X, Yang L. Characterization of Feruloyl Esterase from Klebsiella oxytoca Z28 and Its Application in the Release of Ferulic Acid from De-Starching Wheat Bran. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040989. [PMID: 37110412 PMCID: PMC10146132 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase (EC3.1.1.73; FAE) can degrade biomass to release ferulic acid (FA), which has a high application in bioprocessing, food, pharmaceutical, paper, feed, and other industrial fields. A strain of Klebsiella oxytoca Z28 with ferulic esterase activity was screened from Daqu. In addition, the FAE gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The enzyme consists of 340 amino acids with a molecular mass of 37.7 kDa. The FAE enzyme activity was 463 U/L when the substrate was ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate and the optimum temperature and pH were 50 °C and 8.0, respectively. The enzyme had good stability at temperatures of 25-40 °C and a pH of 8.0. Ba2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ had a strong inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity, and Na+ had a promotive effect on the enzyme activity. The de-starching wheat bran was degraded by KoFAE, and the FA release was up to 227.15 µg/g. This indicated that the heterologous expression of KoFAE from Klebsiella oxytoca Z28 in E. coli had a certain potential of biodegradation, which can be applied to the degradation of agricultural waste to obtain high value-added FA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
- Liquor Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Hongzhu Xiang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
- Liquor Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
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6
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Natural Polyphenol Recovery from Apple-, Cereal-, and Tomato-Processing By-Products and Related Health-Promoting Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227977. [PMID: 36432076 PMCID: PMC9697562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols of plant origin are a broad family of secondary metabolites that range from basic phenolic acids to more complex compounds such as stilbenes, flavonoids, and tannins, all of which have several phenol units in their structure. Considerable health benefits, such as having prebiotic potential and cardio-protective and weight control effects, have been linked to diets based on polyphenol-enriched foods and plant-based products, indicating the potential role of these substances in the prevention or treatment of numerous pathologies. The most representative phenolic compounds in apple pomace are phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin, with major health implications in diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurocognitive diseases. The cereal byproducts are rich in flavonoids (cyanidin 3-glucoside) and phenolic acids (ferulic acid), all with significant results in reducing the incidence of noncommunicable diseases. Quercetin, naringenin, and rutin are the predominant phenolic molecules in tomato by-products, having important antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The present understanding of the functionality of polyphenols in health outcomes, specifically, noncommunicable illnesses, is summarized in this review, focusing on the applicability of this evidence in three extensive agrifood industries (apple, cereal, and tomato processing). Moreover, the reintegration of by-products into the food chain via functional food products and personalized nutrition (e.g., 3D food printing) is detailed, supporting a novel direction to be explored within the circular economy concept.
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7
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Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Li Y, Feng Z, Zhang X, Zhou R, Liu C, Yang L. The Combined Cultivation of Feruloyl Esterase-Producing Strains with CMCase and Xylanase-Producing Strains Increases the Release of Ferulic Acid. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1889. [PMID: 36296166 PMCID: PMC9610611 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase (FAE)-producing micro-organisms to obtain ferulic acid (FA) from natural substrates have good industrial prospects, and the synergistic effect of multiple bacteria can better improve the yield of FA. In this study, on the premise of the synergistic effect of FAE, hemicellulose, and cellulase, the key strain Klebsiella oxytoca Z28 with FAE was combined with CMCase and Xylanase-producing strains to produce FA. The combination of strains with higher FA production are Klebsiella oxytoca Z28, Klebsiella pneumoniae JZE, Bacillus velezensis G1, and their FA production can reach 109.67 μg/g, which is 15% higher than that of single bacteria. To explore the effects of temperature, Ph, inoculum amount, distillers grains concentration and fermentation time on the FAE activity of the combination of strains in the fermentation process, and determined that temperature, Ph, and fermentation time were the main influencing factors and optimized through orthogonal design. The optimized fermentation conditions are 34 °C, Ph 8.0, and fermentation days for 6 days, the FAE activity can reach 270.78 U/L, and the FA yield of the combined strain is 324.50 μg/g, which is 200% higher than that of single-strain fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yunran Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
- Liquor Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | | | - Chao Liu
- Xufu Distillery Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
- Liquor Making Bio-Technology & Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
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8
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Liu H, Yuan H, Huang D, Wang T. Research progress and biotechnological applications of feruloyl esterases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
| | - Haibo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, PR China
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9
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Heath RS, Ruscoe RE, Turner NJ. The beauty of biocatalysis: sustainable synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:335-388. [PMID: 34879125 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to July 2021The market for cosmetics is consumer driven and the desire for green, sustainable and natural ingredients is increasing. The use of isolated enzymes and whole-cell organisms to synthesise these products is congruent with these values, especially when combined with the use of renewable, recyclable or waste feedstocks. The literature of biocatalysis for the synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics in the past five years is herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Hussain M, Qamar A, Saeed F, Rasheed R, Niaz B, Afzaal M, Mushtaq Z, Anjum F. BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MAIZE BRAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIFFERENT PHENOLIC ACIDS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1973026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aiza Qamar
- Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Riphah International University Lahore, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Niaz
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Mushtaq
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faqir Anjum
- Administration Department, University of the Gambia, Serrekunda, Gambia
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11
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Duan X, Dai Y, Zhang T. Characterization of Feruloyl Esterase from Bacillus pumilus SK52.001 and Its Application in Ferulic Acid Production from De-Starched Wheat Bran. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061229. [PMID: 34071417 PMCID: PMC8228269 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase (FAE; EC 3.1.1.73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl group in an esterified sugar to assist in waste biomass degradation or to release ferulic acid (FA). An FAE-producing strain was isolated from humus soil samples and identified as Bacillus pumilus SK52.001. The BpFAE gene from B. pumilus SK52.001 was speculated and heterogeneously expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB800 for the first time. The enzyme exists as a monomer with 303 amino acids and a molecular mass of 33.6 kDa. Its specific activity was 377.9 ± 10.3 U/ (mg protein), using methyl ferulate as a substrate. It displays an optimal alkaline pH of 9.0, an optimal temperature of 50 °C, and half-lives of 1434, 327, 235, and 68 min at 50, 55, 60, and 65 °C, respectively. Moreover, the purified BpFAE released 4.98% FA of the alkali-acidic extractable FA from de-starched wheat bran (DSWB). When the DSWB was enzymatically degraded by the synergistic effect of the BpFAE and commercial xylanase, the FA amount reached 49.47%. It suggested that the alkaline BpFAE from B. pumilus SK52.001, which was heterologously expressed in B. subtilis WB800, possesses great potential for biomass degradation and achieving high-added value FA production from food by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.D.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yiwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.D.); (Y.D.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.D.); (Y.D.)
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Møller MS, Svensson B. Enzymes in grain processing. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Lopes AMM, Martins M, Goldbeck R. Heterologous Expression of Lignocellulose-Modifying Enzymes in Microorganisms: Current Status. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:184-199. [PMID: 33484441 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous expression of the carbohydrate-active enzymes in microorganisms is a promising approach to produce bio-based compounds, such as fuels, nutraceuticals and other value-added products from sustainable lignocellulosic sources. Several microorganisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans, have unique characteristics desirable for a biorefinery production approach like well-known genetic tools, thermotolerance, high fermentative capacity and product tolerance, and high amount of recombinant enzyme secretion. These microbial factories are already stablished in the heterologous production of the carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce, among others, ethanol, xylooligosaccharides and the valuable coniferol. A complete biocatalyst able to heterologous express the CAZymes of glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and auxiliary activities families could release these compounds faster, with higher yield and specificity. Recent advances in the synthetic biology tools could expand the number and diversity of enzymes integrated in these microorganisms, and also modify those already integrated. This review outlines the heterologous expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes in microorganisms, as well as recent updates in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Moura Mendes Lopes
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato no 80, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Manoela Martins
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato no 80, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Rosana Goldbeck
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato no 80, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
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Mafa MS, Malgas S, Pletschke BI. Feruloyl esterase (FAE-1) sourced from a termite hindgut and GH10 xylanases synergy improves degradation of arabinoxylan. AMB Express 2021; 11:21. [PMID: 33464449 PMCID: PMC7815865 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal feedstocks have high arabinoxylan content as their main hemicellulose, which is linked to lignin by hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic acid. The ferulic acid is linked to arabinoxylan by ester bonds, and generally, the high substitution of ferulic acid leads to a loss of activity of xylanases targeting the arabinoxylan. In the current study, a feruloyl esterase (FAE-1) from a termite hindgut bacteria was functionally characterised and used in synergy with xylanases during xylan hydrolysis. The FAE-1 displayed temperature and pH optima of 60 ℃ and 7.0, respectively. FAE-1 did not release reducing sugars from beechwood xylan (BWX), wheat arabinoxylan (WAX) and oat spelt xylan (OX), however, displayed high activity of 164.74 U/mg protein on p-nitrophenyl-acetate (pNPA). In contrast, the GH10 xylanases; Xyn10 and XT6, and a GH11 xylanase, Xyn2A, showed more than two-fold increased activity on xylan substrates with low sidechain substitutions; BWX and OX, compared to the highly branched substrate, WAX. Interestingly, the FAE-1 and GH10 xylanases (Xyn10D and XT6) displayed a degree of synergy (DS) that was higher than 1 in all enzyme loading combinations during WAX hydrolysis. The 75%XT6:25%FAE-1 synergistic enzyme combination increased the release of reducing sugars by 1.34-fold from WAX compared to the control, while 25%Xyn10D:75%FAE-1 synergistic combination released about 2.1-fold of reducing sugars from WAX compared to controls. These findings suggest that FAE-1 can be used in concert with xylanases, particularly those from GH10, to efficiently degrade arabinoxylans contained in cereal feedstocks for various industrial settings such as in animal feeds and baking.
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