|
1
|
Quantitative Analysis of Camellia oleifera Seed Saponins and Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Separation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052132. [PMID: 36903377 PMCID: PMC10004602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the technology used for the extraction and purification of Camellia oleifera saponins generally has the problems of high cost and low purity, and the quantitative detection of Camellia oleifera saponins also has the problems of low sensitivity and easy interference from impurities. To solve these problems, this paper aimed to use liquid chromatography for the quantitative detection of Camellia oleifera saponins, and to adjust and optimize the related conditions. In our study, the average recovery of Camellia oleifera saponins obtained was 100.42%. The RSD of precision test was 0.41%. The RSD of the repeatability test was 0.22%. The detection limit of the liquid chromatography was 0.06 mg/L, and the quantification limit was 0.2 mg/L. In order to improve the yield and purity, the Camellia oleifera saponins were extracted from Camellia oleifera Abel. seed meal by methanol extraction. Then, the extracted Camellia oleifera saponins were extracted with an ammonium sulfate/propanol aqueous two-phase system. We optimized the purification process of formaldehyde extraction and aqueous two-phase extraction. Under the optimal purification process, the purity of Camellia oleifera saponins extracted by methanol was 36.15%, and the yield was 25.24%. The purity of Camellia oleifera saponins obtained by aqueous two-phase extraction was 83.72%. Thus, this study can provide a reference standard for rapid and efficient detection and analysis of Camellia oleifera saponins for industrial extraction and purification.
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Shi Z, Long X, Li Y, Jin J, Li J, Yuan C, Jin R. Protective Effect of Tea Saponins on Alcohol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:673-681. [PMID: 36643417 PMCID: PMC9835626 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption harms the human body, particularly the digestive system, by causing damage to the gastric mucosa. Tea saponin is a natural active substance extracted from tea tree seeds that has gastroprotective potential against alcohol-induced mucosal damage. However, the protective mechanism of tea saponins is not fully understood. The current study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of tea saponins against alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Histopathological changes, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and gastric mucosa-related cytokine levels were analyzed in three groups of male mice: model, control, and tea saponin-treated. Compared to the model group, the tea saponin group prominently ameliorated alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury by improving cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and edema. Downregulation of inflammation-related factors cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was also found in the tea saponin group. These results suggest that tea saponins have a protective effect against alcohol-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice. Therefore, tea saponin may serve as a food additive for gastric mucosal protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Shi
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xue Long
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jianfang Li
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxun Yuan
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Risheng Jin
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Aqueous biphasic systems as a key tool for food processing. Curr Opin Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2023.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
|
5
|
Musarurwa H, Tavengwa NT. Thermo-responsive polymers and advances in their applications in separation science. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|