1
|
Zhu J, Wang X, Zhao J, Ji F, Zeng J, Wei Y, Xu L, Dong G, Ma X, Wang C. Genomic characterization and related functional genes of γ- poly glutamic acid producing Bacillus subtilis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:125. [PMID: 38622505 PMCID: PMC11017564 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
γ- poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a high molecular weight polymer, is synthesized by microorganisms and secreted into the extracellular space. Due to its excellent performance, γ-PGA has been widely used in various fields, including food, biomedical and environmental fields. In this study, we screened natto samples for two strains of Bacillus subtilis N3378-2at and N3378-3At that produce γ-PGA. We then identified the γ-PGA synthetase gene cluster (PgsB, PgsC, PgsA, YwtC and PgdS), glutamate racemase RacE, phage-derived γ-PGA hydrolase (PghB and PghC) and exo-γ-glutamyl peptidase (GGT) from the genome of these strains. Based on these γ-PGA-related protein sequences from isolated Bacillus subtilis and 181 B. subtilis obtained from GenBank, we carried out genotyping analysis and classified them into types 1-5. Since we found B. amyloliquefaciens LL3 can produce γ-PGA, we obtained the B. velezensis and B. amyloliquefaciens strains from GenBank and classified them into types 6 and 7 based on LL3. Finally, we constructed evolutionary trees for these protein sequences. This study analyzed the distribution of γ-PGA-related protein sequences in the genomes of B. subtilis, B. velezensis and B. amyloliquefaciens strains, then the evolutionary diversity of these protein sequences was analyzed, which provided novel information for the development and utilization of γ-PGA-producing strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yanwen Wei
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - LiLi Xu
- Union Biology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Guoying Dong
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Guangdong key Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiu Y, Xu D, Lei P, Li S, Xu H. Engineering functional homopolymeric amino acids: from biosynthesis to design. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:310-325. [PMID: 37775417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Homopolymeric amino acids (HPAs) are a class of microbial polymers that can be classified into two categories: anionic and cationic HPAs. Notable examples include γ-poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) that have wide-ranging applications in medicine, food, and agriculture. The primary method of manufacture is through microbial synthesis. In recent decades significant efforts have been made to enhance the production of HPAs, specifically focusing on γ-PGA and ε-PL. We comprehensively review current advances in understanding the synthetic mechanisms as well as metabolic engineering and fermentation process techniques to improve the production of HPAs. In addition, we discuss the major challenges and solutions associated with desired structure regulation of HPAs and the development of novel structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Delei Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 99 South Third Ring Road, Changshu 215500, PR China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China; Nanjing Shineking Biotech Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210061, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan D, Huang L, Mei Z, Bao H, Xie Y, Yang C, Gao X. Untargeted metabolomics revealed the effect of soybean metabolites on poly(γ-glutamic acid) production in fermented natto and its metabolic pathway. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1298-1307. [PMID: 37782527 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natto mucus is mainly composed of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA), which affects the sensory quality of natto and has some effective functional activities. The soybean metabolites that cause different γ-PGA contents in different fermented natto are unclear. RESULTS In this study, we use untargeted metabolomics to analyze the metabolites of high-production γ-PGA natto and low-production γ-PGA natto and their fermented substrate soybean. A total of 257 main significantly different metabolites with the same trend among the three comparison groups were screened, of which 114 were downregulated and 143 were upregulated. Through the enrichment of metabolic pathways, the metabolic pathways with significant differences were purine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, anthocyanin biosynthesis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway. CONCLUSION For 114 downregulated main significantly different metabolites with the same trend among the three comparison groups, Bacillus subtilis (natto) may directly decompose them to synthesize γ-PGA. Adding downregulated substances before fermentation or cultivating soybean varieties with the goal of high production of such substances has a great effect on the production of γ-PGA by natto fermentation. The enrichment analysis results showed the main pathways affecting the production of γ-PGA by Bacillus subtilis (natto) using soybean metabolites, which provides a theoretical basis for the production of γ-PGA by soybean and promotes the diversification of natto products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delin Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Bao
- College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Yaman Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai M, Han Y, Zheng X, Xue B, Zhang X, Mahmut Z, Wang Y, Dong B, Zhang C, Gao D, Sun J. Synthesis of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid and Its Application in Biomedical Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:15. [PMID: 38203869 PMCID: PMC10779536 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer composed of glutamic acid monomer and it has garnered substantial attention in both the fields of material science and biomedicine. Its remarkable cell compatibility, degradability, and other advantageous characteristics have made it a vital component in the medical field. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the production methods, primary application forms, and medical applications of γ-PGA, drawing from numerous prior studies. Among the four production methods for PGA, microbial fermentation currently stands as the most widely employed. This method has seen various optimization strategies, which we summarize here. From drug delivery systems to tissue engineering and wound healing, γ-PGA's versatility and unique properties have facilitated its successful integration into diverse medical applications, underlining its potential to enhance healthcare outcomes. The objective of this review is to establish a foundational knowledge base for further research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yumin Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xianhong Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Baigong Xue
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zulpya Mahmut
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuda Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Donghui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operating Room, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qian J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Shi T, Wang Y, Ye C, Huang H. Bacillus sp. as a microbial cell factory: Advancements and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108278. [PMID: 37898328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. is one of the most distinctive gram-positive bacteria, able to grow efficiently using cheap carbon sources and secrete a variety of useful substances, which are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental industries. At the same time, Bacillus sp. is also recognized as a safe genus with a relatively clear genetic background, which is conducive to the industrial production of target metabolites. In this review, we discuss the reasons why Bacillus sp. has been so extensively studied and summarize its advances in systems and synthetic biology, engineering strategies to improve microbial cell properties, and industrial applications in several metabolic engineering applications. Finally, we present the current challenges and possible solutions to provide a reliable basis for Bacillus sp. as a microbial cell factory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Qian
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zijian Hu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tianqiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yuetong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Z, Liang X, Li M, Ma M, Zheng Q, Li D, An T, Wang G. Advances in the optimization of central carbon metabolism in metabolic engineering. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:76. [PMID: 37085866 PMCID: PMC10122336 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Central carbon metabolism (CCM), including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway, is the most fundamental metabolic process in the activities of living organisms that maintains normal cellular growth. CCM has been widely used in microbial metabolic engineering in recent years due to its unique regulatory role in cellular metabolism. Using yeast and Escherichia coli as the representative organisms, we summarized the metabolic engineering strategies on the optimization of CCM in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial chassis, such as the introduction of heterologous CCM metabolic pathways and the optimization of key enzymes or regulatory factors, to lay the groundwork for the future use of CCM optimization in metabolic engineering. Furthermore, the bottlenecks in the application of CCM optimization in metabolic engineering and future application prospects are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenke Wu
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiqin Liang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mengyu Ma
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Defang Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Tianyue An
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Guoli Wang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang D, Fu X, Zhou D, Gao J, Bai W. Engineering of a newly isolated Bacillus tequilensis BL01 for poly-γ-glutamic acid production from citric acid. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:276. [PMID: 36581997 PMCID: PMC9798646 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a promising biopolymer for various applications. For glutamic acid-independent strains, the titer of γ-PGA is too low to meet the industrial demand. In this study, we isolated a novel γ-PGA-producing strain, Bacillus tequilensis BL01, and multiple genetic engineering strategies were implemented to improve γ-PGA production. RESULTS First, the one-factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and temperature on γ-PGA production. The optimal sources of carbon and nitrogen were sucrose and (NH4)2SO4 at 37 °C, respectively. Second, the sucA, gudB, pgdS, and ggt genes were knocked out simultaneously, which increased the titer of γ-PGA by 1.75 times. Then, the titer of γ-PGA increased to 18.0 ± 0.3 g/L by co-overexpression of the citZ and pyk genes in the mutant strain. Furthermore, the γ-PGA titer reached 25.3 ± 0.8 g/L with a productivity of 0.84 g/L/h and a yield of 1.50 g of γ-PGA/g of citric acid in fed-batch fermentation. It should be noted that this study enables the synthesis of low (1.84 × 105 Da) and high (2.06 × 106 Da) molecular weight of γ-PGA by BL01 and the engineering strain. CONCLUSION The application of recently published strategies to successfully improve γ-PGA production for the new strain B. tequilensis BL01 is reported. The titer of γ-PGA increased 2.17-fold and 1.32-fold compared with that of the wild type strain in the flask and 5 L fermenter. The strain shows excellent promise as a γ-PGA producer compared with previous studies. Meanwhile, different molecular weights of γ-PGA were obtained, enhancing the scope of application in industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Xiaoping Fu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Dasen Zhou
- grid.413109.e0000 0000 9735 6249College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wenqin Bai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China ,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang P, Liu W, Chen Y, Gong AD. Engineering the glyoxylate cycle for chemical bioproduction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1066651. [PMID: 36532595 PMCID: PMC9755347 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With growing concerns about environmental issues and sustainable economy, bioproduction of chemicals utilizing microbial cell factories provides an eco-friendly alternative to current petro-based processes. Creating high-performance strains (with high titer, yield, and productivity) through metabolic engineering strategies is critical for cost-competitive production. Commonly, it is inevitable to fine-tuning or rewire the endogenous or heterologous pathways in such processes. As an important pathway involved in the synthesis of many kinds of chemicals, the potential of the glyoxylate cycle in metabolic engineering has been studied extensively these years. Here, we review the metabolic regulation of the glyoxylate cycle and summarize recent achievements in microbial production of chemicals through tuning of the glyoxylate cycle, with a focus on studies implemented in model microorganisms. Also, future prospects for bioproduction of glyoxylate cycle-related chemicals are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Parati M, Khalil I, Tchuenbou-Magaia F, Adamus G, Mendrek B, Hill R, Radecka I. Building a circular economy around poly(D/L-γ-glutamic acid)- a smart microbial biopolymer. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang Z, He P, Cai D, Chen S. Genetic and metabolic engineering for poly-γ-glutamic acid production: current progress, challenges, and prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:208. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Gudiña EJ, Teixeira JA. Bacillus licheniformis: The unexplored alternative for the anaerobic production of lipopeptide biosurfactants? Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108013. [PMID: 35752271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biosurfactants have attracted the attention of researchers and companies for the last decades, as they are considered promising candidates to replace chemical surfactants in numerous applications. Although in the last years, considerable advances were performed regarding strain engineering and the use of low-cost substrates in order to reduce their production costs, one of the main bottlenecks is their production at industrial scale. Conventional aerobic biosurfactant production processes result in excessive foaming, due to the use of high agitation and aeration rates necessary to increase dissolved oxygen concentration to allow microbial growth and biosurfactant production. Different approaches have been studied to overcome this problem, although with limited success. A not widely explored alternative is the development of foam-free processes through the anaerobic growth of biosurfactant-producing microorganisms. Surfactin, produced by Bacillus subtilis, is the most widely studied lipopeptide biosurfactant, and the most powerful biosurfactant known so far. Bacillus licheniformis strains produce lichenysin, a lipopeptide biosurfactant which structure is similar to surfactin. However, despite its extraordinary surface-active properties and potential applications, lichenysin has been scarcely studied. According to previous studies, B. licheniformis is better adapted to anaerobic growth than B. subtilis, and could be a good alternative for the anaerobic production of lipopeptide biosurfactants. In this review, the potential and limitations of surfactin and lichenysin production under anaerobic conditions will be analyzed, and the possibility of implementing foam-free processes for lichenysin production, in order to expand the market and applications of biosurfactants in different fields, will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Gudiña
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bai N, He Y, Zhang H, Zheng X, Zeng R, Li Y, Li S, Lv W. γ-Polyglutamic Acid Production, Biocontrol, and Stress Tolerance: Multifunction of Bacillus subtilis A-5 and the Complete Genome Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137630. [PMID: 35805288 PMCID: PMC9265942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis A-5 has the capabilities of high-molecular-weight γ-PGA production, antagonism to plant pathogenic fungi, and salt/alkaline tolerance. This multifunctional bacterium has great potential for enhancing soil fertility and plant security in agricultural ecosystem. The genome size of B. subtilis A-5 was 4,190,775 bp, containing 1 Chr and 2 plasmids (pA and pB) with 43.37% guanine-cytosine content and 4605 coding sequences. The γ-PGA synthase gene cluster was predicted to consist of pgsBCA and factor (pgsE). The γ-PGA-degrading enzymes were mainly pgdS, GGT, and cwlO. Nine gene clusters producing secondary metabolite substances, namely, four unknown function gene clusters and five antibiotic synthesis gene clusters (surfactin, fengycin, bacillibactin, subtilosin_A, and bacilysin), were predicted in the genome of B. subtilis A-5 using antiSMASH. In addition, B. subtilis A-5 contained genes related to carbohydrate and protein decomposition, proline synthesis, pyruvate kinase, and stress-resistant proteins. This affords significant insights into the survival and application of B. subtilis A-5 in adverse agricultural environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naling Bai
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (N.B.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yu He
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (N.B.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (N.B.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xianqing Zheng
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (N.B.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rong Zeng
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (N.B.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yi Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (N.B.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station, Ministry Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Weiguang Lv
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (N.B.); (Y.H.); (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station, Ministry Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|