Biocompatible Films of Collagen-Procyanidin for Wound Healing Applications

Recent progress in polysaccharide and polypeptide based modern moisture-retentive wound dressings

Wounds were considered as defects in the tissues of the human skin and wound healing is said to be a tedious process as there are possibilities of infection or inflammation due to microorganisms. Modern moisture-retentive wound dressing (MMRWD) is opening a new window toward wound therapy. It comprises different types of wound dressing that has classified based on their functionality. Selective polysaccharide-polypeptide fiber composite materials such as hydrogels, hydrocolloids, hydro fibers, transparent-film dressing, and alginate dressing are discussed in this review as a type of MMRWD. The highlight of this polysaccharide and polypeptide based MMRWD is that it supports and enhances the healing of different types of wounds by moisture absorption thus preventing infection. This study has given enlightenment on the application of selected polysaccharide and polypeptide based MMRWD that enhances wound healing actions still it has been observed that the composite wound healing dressing is more effective than the single one. The nano-sized materials (synthetic nano drugs and phyto drugs) were found to increase the efficiency of healing action while coated in the wound dressing material. Future research is required to find out more possibilities of the different composite types of wound dressing in the healing action.

Animal tissue-derived biomaterials for promoting wound healing

The skin serves as the primary barrier between the human body and external environment, and is therefore susceptible to damage from various factors. In response to this challenge, animal tissue-derived biomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for wound healing due to their abundant sources, low side-effect profiles, exceptional bioactivity, biocompatibility, and unique extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicry. The evolution of modern engineering technology and therapies has allowed these animal tissue-derived biomaterials to be transformed into various forms and modified to possess the necessary properties for wound repair. This review provides an overview of the wound healing process and the factors that influence it. We then describe the extraction methods, important properties, and recent practical applications of various animal tissue-derived biomaterials. Our focus then shifts to the critical properties of these biomaterials in skin wound healing and their latest research developments. Finally, we critically examine the limitations and future prospects of biomaterials generated from animal tissues in this field.

Studies on stabilization of collagen using Cr-doped polydopamine complex

The stabilization of collagen using different small molecules have been explored for the development of biomaterials. One of the most studied molecules in biomaterials research is polydopamine (PDA) due to its ability to bind to different substrates that ranges from metal surface to collagen. Similarly, in leather tanning, chromium has been an extensively used metal ion as it binds strongly with collagen and enhances its stability. However, as per regulatory authority, the presence of chromium in leather has been restricted to minimum level. Here, we studied the application of chromium doped polydopamine (Cr-PDA) complex as collagen stabilizing agent. The preparation and characterization of Cr-PDA were confirmed using FE-SEM, DLS and FT-IR techniques. Cr-PDA did not alter the triple helical structure of collagen as evidenced from the CD spectral data. Cr-PDA delays the fibrillation in collagen compared to collagen or PDA alone. Calorimetric data shows the enhanced stability of collagen when treated with Cr-PDA compared to collagen control but lesser than PDA alone. Viscometry studies have shown that Cr-PDA reduces the viscosity of collagen compared to PDA or collagen alone. Contact angle studies showed that PDA and Cr-PDA imparts more hydrophobicity to collagen compared to control. Tensile strength studies showed that addition of Cr-PDA or PDA increases the tensile strength of the collagen fiber. The present study on stabilization of collagen using Cr-PDA might be helpful in development of crosslinking agents with eco-friendly approach.

Proanthocyanidins from Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Leaves: Perspectives in Wound Healing and Designing for Topical Delivery

The compositions and health-beneficial properties of lingonberry leaves (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) are well established; however, their proanthocyanidins are still heavily underutilized. Optimizing their delivery systems is key to enabling their wider applications. The present study investigates the phytochemical and 'wound-healing' properties of proanthocyanidin-rich fraction(s) (PRF) from lingonberry leaves as well as the development of optimal dermal film as a proanthocyanidin delivery system. The obtained PRF was subjected to HPLC-PDA and DMAC analyses to confirm the qualitative and quantitative profiles of different polymerization-degree proanthocyanidins. A 'wound healing' in vitro assay was performed to assess the ability of PRF to modulate the wound environment for better healing. Low concentrations of lingonberry proanthocyanidins were found to accelerate 'wound' closures, while high levels inhibited human fibroblast migration. Fifteen dermal films containing PRF were prepared and evaluated based on their polymer (MC, HEC, PEG 400) compositions, and physical, mechanical, and biopharmaceutical properties using an experimental design. The composition containing 0.30 g of MC, 0.05 g of HEC, and 3.0 g of PEG 400 was selected as a promising formulation for PRF delivery and a potentially effective functional wound dressing material, supporting the need for further investigations.