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Ren HT, An HY, Du MX, Zhou J. Effects of Zinc Adaptation on Histological Morphology, Antioxidant Responses, and Expression of Immune-Related Genes of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5251-5259. [PMID: 35015244 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc adaptation on histological morphology and antioxidant and immune responses of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 180 young grass carp (20.0 ± 2.0 g) was equally distributed into 9 groups, and triplicate groups were subjected to 0 μg/L Zn2+ (control group), 200 μg/L Zn2+, and 300 μg/L Zn2+ solution for 42 days, respectively. The results indicated that the liver and gill have obvious pathological changes after long-term adaptation to zinc except the intestine; the zinc adaptation can positively influence intestinal morphology. The activities of GPX (glutathione peroxidase activity), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and CAT (Catalase) were significantly increased in zinc treatment groups (P < 0.05). The genes expression levels of CuZnSOD (copper zinc superoxide dismutase), CAT, Hsp70 (heat shock protein-70), IL-1b (interleukin-1-b), and TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) were upregulated in the gill and intestine of grass carp following waterborne adaptation to zinc solution for 42 days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, zinc adaptation has different effects on organs of grass carp and may reduce the inflammatory response of the body's gills and intestines by improving the body's antioxidant and anti-stress defense capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tao Ren
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Hui Ying An
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Ming Xing Du
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
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Lu H, Zhao H, Wang Y, Guo M, Mu M, Liu Y, Nie X, Huang P, Xing M. Arsenic (III) induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the gills of common carp, which is ameliorated by zinc (II). J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111617. [PMID: 34571403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is widely present in the environment in form of arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV). Oxidative stress and inflammation are believed to be the dominant mechanisms of AsIII toxicity in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate whether zinc (Zn2+) alleviates exogenous gill toxicity in carp induced by AsIII and to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms. Exposure of carp to 2.83 mg As2O3/L for 30 days reduced superoxide dismutase activity by 4.0%, catalase by 41.0% and glutathione by 19.8%, while the concentration of malondialdehyde was increased by 16.4% compared to the control group, indicating oxidative stress. After the exposure of carp to AsIII the expression of inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in gill tissue were significantly increased. In addition, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was increased by 225%. 1 mg ZnCl2/L can relieve the toxicity of AsIII based on histopathology, antioxidase activity, qRT-PCR and western results. Zn2+ attenuated AsIII-induced gill toxicity that suppressed intracellular oxidative stress and NF-κB pathway by an upregulation of metallothionein. Therefore, the toxic effect of AsIII on the gill cells of carp was reduced. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the alleviation of the toxic effects of metalloids on organisms by heavy metals and the biological assessment of the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Lu
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mengyao Mu
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaopan Nie
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Puyi Huang
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of wildlife and protected area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Mu M, Guo M, Xing M. Zinc offers splenic protection through suppressing PERK/IRE1-driven apoptosis pathway in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under arsenic stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111473. [PMID: 33068983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) occurs naturally and concentrations in water bodies can reach high levels, leading to accumulation in vital organs like the spleen. Being an important organ in immune response and blood development processes, toxic effects of As on the spleen could compromise immunity and cause associated disorders in affected individuals. Splenic detoxification is key to improving the chances of survival but relatively little is known about the mechanisms involved. Essential trace elements like zinc have shown immune-modulatory effects humans and livestock. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in As-induced splenic toxicity in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the protective effects of zinc (Zn). Our findings suggest that environmental exposure to As caused severe histological injuries and Ca2+ accumulation in the spleen of common carp. Additionally, transcriptional and translational profiles of endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis and autophagy-related genes of the spleen showed upward trends under As toxicity. Treatment with Zn appears to offer protection against As-induced splenic injury in common carp and the pathologic changes above were alleviated. Our results provide additional insight into the mechanism of As toxicity in common carp while elucidating the role of Zn, a natural immune-modulator, as a potential antidote against As poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mengyao Mu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Yang X, Fei D, Mu M, Guo M, Yu H, Xing M. Zinc alleviates arsenism in common carp: Varied change profiles of cytokines and tight junction proteins among two intestinal segments. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:761-768. [PMID: 31585240 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of zinc on inflammation and tight junction (TJ) in different intestinal regions of common carp under sub-chronic arsenic insult. Fish were exposed to zinc (0, 1 mg/L) and arsenic trioxide (0, 2.83 mg/L) in individual or combination for a month. Inflammatory infiltration and TJ structure changes were displayed by H&E staining and transmission electron microscope. To further explore these changes, biochemical indicator (SOD), gene or protein expressions of inflammatory responses (NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) and TJ proteins (Occludin, Claudins and ZOs) were determined. In the anterior intestine, arsenic decreased activity of SOD, mRNA levels of Occludin, Claudins and ZOs, increased mRNA levels of ILs. However, unlike the anterior intestine, arsenic has an upregulation effects of Occludin and Claudin-4 in the mid intestine. These anomalies induced by arsenic, except IL-8, were completely or partially recovered by zinc co-administration. Furthermore, transcription factor (NF-κB) nuclear translocation paralleled with its downstream genes in both intestinal regions. In conclusion, our results unambiguously suggested that under arsenic stress, zinc can partly relieve intestinal inflammation and disruption of tight junction segment-dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dongxue Fei
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mengyao Mu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongxian Yu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Noaparast Z, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective agents for the prevention of side effects induced by radioiodine-131 therapy. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1145-59. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioiodine 131 (131I) has been used worldwide for the ablation of remnant thyroidal tissue after surgery or as the first-line treatment for Graves’ disease. Although the use of 131I is becoming increasingly prevalent, there is evidence suggesting that this treatment is associated with side effects such as salivary gland dysfunction and an increased risk of leukemia. This article aims to review the potential use of radioprotective agents and the side effects induced by 131I therapy. Several synthetic and natural compounds have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. The protective agents reduced the toxicity of 131I, mainly in the salivary glands, and mitigated the genetic damage through different mechanisms. There are limited clinical studies evaluating the use of radioprotective agents in patients undergoing radioiodine therapy. However, lemon candies, lemon juice and sugarless chewing gum have been proposed to be beneficial for minimizing the side effects of radioiodine within the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Noaparast
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Yorulmaz H, Seker FB, Demir G, Yalçın IE, Oztaş B. The effects of zinc treatment on the blood-brain barrier permeability and brain element levels during convulsions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:256-62. [PMID: 23179348 PMCID: PMC3548102 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of zinc treatment on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and the levels of zinc (Zn), natrium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) in the brain tissue during epileptic seizures. The Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, each as follows: (1) control group, (2) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) group: rats treated with PTZ to induce seizures, (3) Zn group: rats treated with ZnCl(2) added to drinking water for 2 months, and (4) Zn + PTZ group. The brains were divided into left, right hemispheres, and cerebellum + brain stem regions. Evans blue was used as BBB tracer. Element concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The BBB permeability has been found to be increased in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Zn concentrations in all brain regions in Zn-supplemented groups (p < 0.05) showed an increase. BBB permeability and Zn level in cerebellum + brain stem region were significantly high compared to cerebral hemispheres (p < 0.05). In all experimental groups, Cu concentration decreased, whereas Na concentrations showed an increase (p < 0.05). Mg content in all the brain regions decreased in the Zn group and Zn + PTZ groups compared to other groups (p < 0.001). We also found that all elements' levels showed hemispheric differences in all groups. During convulsions, Zn treatment did not show any protective effect on BBB permeability. Chronic Zn treatment decreased Mg and Cu concentration and increased Na levels in the brain tissue. Our results indicated that Zn treatment showed proconvulsant activity and increased BBB permeability, possibly changing prooxidant/antioxidant balance and neuronal excitability during seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yorulmaz
- Halic University School of Nursing, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Kumar A, Nair P, Malhotra A, Majumdar S, Garg ML, Dhawan DK. Altered uptake and biological half-lives of 65Zn on arsenic exposure--modulation by zinc treatment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1059-68. [PMID: 21647753 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study revealed the effects of zinc on the biokinetics of (65)Zn in rats following arsenic intoxication. The animals were segregated into four groups: group I--untreated controls, group II--arsenic treated (100 ppm as NaAsO(2) in drinking water), group III--zinc treated (227 mg ZnSO(4) per liter drinking water), and group IV--arsenic + zinc treated. Each rat was injected intraperitoneally with 1.85 MBq radioactivity of (65)Zn following 3 months of different treatments, and the radioactivity was determined using a suitably shielded scintillation counter. Arsenic treatment showed a significant increase in the fast component (Tb(1)) of the biological half-life of (65)Zn in liver, which remained unaltered in the whole body. Furthermore, arsenic treatment decreased significantly the slow component (Tb(2)) in the whole body, which remained unchanged in the liver. However, zinc supplementation to arsenic-treated rats normalized Tb(1) in the liver, but caused no change in Tb(2) in the whole body. Furthermore, the uptake values of (65)Zn were significantly increased in the liver, brain, kidney, and intestine following arsenic treatment, and the values in the liver and brain were decreased by zinc. Hence, zinc plays a significant role in regulating the biokinetics of (65)Zn in the liver and the whole body of arsenic-intoxicated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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