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Probiotics as a New Regulator for Bone Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3582989. [PMID: 34394379 PMCID: PMC8355998 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3582989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the proposed role of the gut microbiota-bone axis, findings on the association between probiotic consumption and bone health are conflicting. This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of probiotic consumption on bone health parameters. A systematic literature search of relevant reports published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Google scholar before December 2020 was conducted. All clinical trials or experimental studies, which examined the relationship between probiotic consumption and bone health parameters, were included. No limitation was applied during the search. After screening articles based on inclusion criteria, 44 studies remained. In clinical trials, probiotic consumption affects bone health parameters such as serum calcium levels (3.82; 95% CI: 1.05, 6.59 mmol/l), urinary calcium levels (4.85; 95% CI: 1.16, 8.53 mmol/l), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (−5.53; 95% CI: −9.83, −0.86 ng/l). In most studies, Lactobacillus species such as L. helveticus, L. reuteri, and L. casei were consumed and women aged 50 years or older were assessed. Spinal and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) was not affected significantly by probiotic consumption. In 37 animal experiments, probiotic or symbiotic feeding mostly had effects on bone health parameters. Some strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus including L. reuteri, L. casei, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus, and L. acidophilus have indicated beneficial effects on bone health parameters. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that probiotic supplementation might improve bone health. Further studies are needed to decide on the best probiotic species and appropriate dosages.
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Xing YY, Li KN, Xu YQ, Wu YZ, Shi LL, Guo SW, Yan SM, Jin X, Shi BL. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharide on growth performance, feacal microbiota, immune response and antioxidant capability in weaned piglets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1732394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Xing
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-nan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-qing Xu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-zhao Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-lu Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-wei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su-mei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin-lin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
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Noma T, Takasugi S, Shioyama M, Yamaji T, Itou H, Suzuki Y, Sakuraba K, Sawaki K. Effects of dietary gelatin hydrolysates on bone mineral density in magnesium-deficient rats. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:385. [PMID: 28870199 PMCID: PMC5583763 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The major types of commercially available gelatin hydrolysates are prepared from mammals or fish. Dietary gelatin hydrolysates from mammals were reported to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in some animal models. In contrast, there is limited study showing the effects of dietary gelatin hydrolysates from fish on BMD. The quantity and structure of peptides in the plasma after oral administration of gelatin hydrolysates depend on the gelatin source, which suggests that the biological activity of gelatin hydrolysates depend on the gelatin source. This study examined the effects of fish-derived gelatin hydrolysate (FGH) or porcine-derived gelatin hydrolysate (PGH) intake on BMD and intrinsic biomechanical properties in magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats as a model showing the decrease in both BMD and intrinsic biomechanical properties. Methods Four-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: a normal group was fed a normal diet (48 mg Mg/100 g diet), a Mg-deficient (MgD) group was fed a MgD diet (7 mg Mg/100 g diet), a FGH group was fed a MgD + FGH diet (5% FGH), and a PGH group was fed a MgD + PGH diet (5% PGH) for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, BMD and intrinsic biomechanical properties of the femur were measured. Results The MgD group showed significantly lower Young’s modulus, an intrinsic biomechanical property, and trabecular BMD of the femur than the normal group; however, the MgD diet did not affect cortical BMD and cortical thickness. Both the FGH and the PGH groups showed significantly higher cortical thickness and ultimate displacement of the femur than the normal group, but neither type of gelatin hydrolysate affected Young’s modulus. Furthermore, the FGH group, but not the PGH group, showed significantly higher trabecular BMD than the MgD group. Conclusions This study indicates that FGH and PGH increase cortical thickness but only FGH prevents the decrease in trabecular BMD seen in Mg-deficient rats, while neither type of gelatin hydrolysate affect intrinsic biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Noma
- Division of Research and Development, Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0862, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takasugi
- Division of Research and Development, Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0862, Japan.
| | - Miho Shioyama
- Division of Research and Development, Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0862, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamaji
- Division of Research and Development, Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0862, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Itou
- Division of Research and Development, Food Science Research Laboratories, Meiji Co., Ltd., 540 Naruda, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0862, Japan
| | - Yoshio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keishoku Sakuraba
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sawaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitor Administration and Intake of a Combination of Yogurt and Galactooligosaccharides on Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Rats. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100653. [PMID: 27775655 PMCID: PMC5084039 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), the most potent acid-suppressing drug, administration and intake of a combination of yogurt and galactooligosaccharides (YG) on bone and mineral metabolism in adult rats. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a control group fed the control diet with vehicle administration, a PPI group fed the control diet with PPI administration and a YG + PPI group fed the YG diet with PPI administration. All of the groups received their respective experimental diets and daily subcutaneous injection of the vehicle or PPI for 12 weeks. The PPI group showed significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur and the lumbar vertebrae and serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and significantly higher phosphorus absorption and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) than the control group, although PPI did not affect calcium absorption. The PPI + YG group showed significantly higher BMD and serum FGF23 and significantly lower phosphorus absorption and serum 1,25(OH)2D than the PPI group. Furthermore, the PPI + YG group showed higher calcium absorption than the control group. These results suggest that although PPI administration did not affect calcium absorption, it adversely affected BMD and influenced phosphorus metabolism in adult rats. Furthermore, the YG diet beneficially affected BMD and attenuated the effects of PPI administration on phosphorus metabolism.
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Xiao J, Metzler-Zebeli BU, Zebeli Q. Gut Function-Enhancing Properties and Metabolic Effects of Dietary Indigestible Sugars in Rodents and Rabbits. Nutrients 2015; 7:8348-65. [PMID: 26426045 PMCID: PMC4632417 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigestible sugars (iS) have received particular interest in food and nutrition research due to their prebiotic properties and other health benefits in humans and animals. The main aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge regarding digestive and health-enhancing properties of iS such as sugar alcohols, oligosacharides, and polysaccharides, in rodents and rabbits. Besides ameliorating gut health, iS ingestion also elicits laxative effects and stimulate intestinal permeability and fluid secretions, thereby shortening digesta transit time and increasing stool mass and quality. In rodents and rabbits, as hindgut fermenters, consumption of iS leads to an improved nutrient digestibility, too. Cecal fermentation of iS reduces luminal pH and extends wall tissue facilitating absorption of key dietary minerals across hindgut. The microbial fermentation of iS also enhances excessive blood nitrogen (N) flowing into the cecum to be used as N source for bacterial growth, enhancing N retention in cecotrophic animals. This review also highlights the impact of iS on improving lipid metabolism, mainly by lowering cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the blood. The paper serves as an index of the current knowledge of iS effects in rodents and rabbits and also identifies gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiao
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - Barbara U Metzler-Zebeli
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
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Moreno FJ, Montilla A, Villamiel M, Corzo N, Olano A. Analysis, structural characterization, and bioactivity of oligosaccharides derived from lactose. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1519-34. [PMID: 24446419 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing interest for prebiotic carbohydrates as functional food ingredients has promoted the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides and new lactose derivatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the chromatographic analysis, structural characterization, and bioactivity studies of lactose-derived oligosaccharides. The most common chromatographic techniques used for the separation and structural characterization of this type of oligosaccharides, including GC and HPLC in different operational modes, coupled to various detectors are discussed. Insights on oligosaccharide MS fragmentation patterns, using different ionization sources and mass analyzers, as well as data on structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy are also described. Finally, this article deals with the bioactive effects of galacto oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides derived from lactulose on the gastrointestinal and immune systems, which support their consumption to provide significant health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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