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Das BK, Ganguly S, Sarkar DJ, Bayen S, Dutta S, Paul S, Ray A, Das Gupta S, Roy S, Chauhan SK. Toxic Metal Element Concentration in 31 Food Fishes from River Ganga: Risk Assessment on Human Consumption. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04309-y. [PMID: 39031271 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of toxic metal contaminated fish is a significant risk to human health. The Ganga river is one of the vital river systems in India, and it nurtures a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. In the present study, screening of potential toxic metal elements (Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and As) was undertaken in 31 food fishes, especially the small indigenous fishes (SIFs) from the lower stretch of river Ganga by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentration of toxic metal elements varied among different fish species. Among the toxic metal elements studied, Cr, Zn, and As were found to be dominant in Eleotris fusca; Cd, Ni, and Pb were highest in Securicula gora; Cu was highest in Cabdio morar; and Mn was highest in Coilia dussumieri. The average pollution load index values (APLI) for all the fishes analyzed were less than one except for Eleotris fusca, which indicated no serious toxic metal element pollution load. The estimated daily intake values (EDI) for the toxic metal elements were found to be within the permissible maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI). Among the fishes studied, only a few species showed hazard index (HI) greater than one, indicating non-carcinogenic health risks. Similarly, the target carcinogenic values (TCR) for most of the toxic metal elements were below the permissible limit (10-4) in the fishes that assures minimal cancer risk. This study provides a comprehensive data on the composition of potential toxic metal elements of 31 food fishes from the lower stretch of the river Ganga, the first of its kind, and suggests the necessity of periodic monitoring of these in the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India.
| | - Satabdi Ganguly
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Supriti Bayen
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Subhamoy Dutta
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Sanatan Paul
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Archisman Ray
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Shubhadeep Das Gupta
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Shreya Roy
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
| | - Suraj Kumar Chauhan
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, India
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Das BK, Ganguly S, Bayen S, Talukder AK, Ray A, Das Gupta S, Kumari K. Amino Acid Composition of Thirty Food Fishes of the Ganga Riverine Environment for Addressing Amino Acid Requirement through Fish Supplementation. Foods 2024; 13:2124. [PMID: 38998630 PMCID: PMC11241810 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are significant biomolecules that govern the major metabolic processes and act as precursors for macromolecules such as proteins that are crucial to life. Fish is an integral component of human nutrition and a dietary source of high-quality animal proteins and amino acids. In this context, the crude protein and amino acid compositions of food fish from different landing stations of the Ganga river have been determined. The Kjeldahl method was utilized to determine the crude protein content and the amino acids were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); data on 30 food fish were assessed. The study showed that among the fish studied, Eleotris fusca, Macrobrachium malcomsonii, and Mystus cavasius were rich in most of the amino acids important for human nutrition, such as glycine, glutamic acid, cysteine, threonine, phenylalanine, methionine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, and valine. Further, it was observed that the daily consumption of these fish (approximately 50 g) can fulfil the daily requirement of these individual amino acids for an adult human with a body weight of 60 kg. Therefore, the amino acid composition analyzed in the present study could be utilized for recommendation by clinicians according to the requirement for specific amino acids, and fish can be prescribed as a natural supplement against the amino acid requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700120, India
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Khawar M, Masood Z, Ul Hasan H, Khan W, De Los Ríos-Escalante PR, Aldamigh MA, Al-Sowayan NS, Razzaq W, Khan T, Said MB. Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6548. [PMID: 38503859 PMCID: PMC10951226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace metals are naturally occurring metals found in very small concentrations in the environment. In the context of fish flesh, metals such as copper, calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, and manganese are absorbed by fish and play vital roles in various physiological functions. However, if these metals exceed the recommended limits set by WHO/FAO, they are termed 'toxic metals' due to their harmful impacts on both the fish and its consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the levels of protein, lipids, and certain metals-Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) in three commercially important marine fishes i.e. Rastrelliger kanagurta, Sardinella abella, and Otolithes ruber. The study also aims to assess their potential impact on human health. The macro-Kjeldhal method and Soxhlet apparatus were used to estimate protein and lipid contents, while atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to estimate trace metals found in fishes. The study found that these fish species are valuable sources of protein, lipids, and certain essential minerals. The protein content (CP) in these three species ranged from 63.35 to 86.57%, while lipid content was from 21.05 to 23.86%. The overall results of the trace metal concentrations analyzed in the present study revealed that Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) were found in low concentration or traces and also within suitable ranges as set by WHO/FAO. However, Iron (Fe) was absent in all three species. Moreover, both copper and potassium were found in all three species, while Zinc was present in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Sardinella abella, calcium in Sardinella abella, and sodium in Otolithes ruber only. Titanium was recorded for the first time in S. abella. However, the total health risk assessment associated with these fish food consumption was measured by THQ and TTHQ and found to be less than 1, which shows no potential risk related to trace metals found in these fishes on human health upon their consumption. In conclusion, these commercially important marine fish species were found valuable sources of protein, lipids, and essential trace minerals that are necessary for human health. Thus, the current study provides useful information for the local population to make informed decisions about their daily diets and highlights the importance of sustainable fishing practices to maintain these valuable marine resources by periodical monitoring of their ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masooma Khawar
- Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Zubia Masood
- Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
| | - Habib Ul Hasan
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Fisheries Development Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wali Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Patricio R De Los Ríos-Escalante
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas Casilla, Universidad Católica de Temuco, 15-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, 11952, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wajeeha Razzaq
- Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Tawseef Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
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Azrita A, Syandri H, Zakeri H, Damanhuri H, Aryani N. Analysis of Fatty Acids and Amino Acids of Three Local Freshwater Bagridae Fish Species in the Kampar Kanan River, Indonesia, for Food Security. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2024; 2024:6639837. [PMID: 38223909 PMCID: PMC10783984 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6639837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fish have become an irreplaceable dietary source of animal protein, especially among households with low socioeconomic status in rural and urban areas of Indonesia. This study is aimed at analysing the proximate composition, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids of three local Bagridae fish species in the Kampar Kanan river, Indonesia. The standard AOAC method was employed to examine the proximate composition of the carcass, and the analysis of amino acids and fatty acids was conducted through HPLC and GC-MS, respectively. The mineral content was determined using AAS. The nutrient composition results of Hemibagrus nemurus, Hemibagrus wyckii, and Mystus nigriceps revealed that the protein content was 24.26%, 22.57%, and 21.39% (% dry weight), whereas the total lipid content was 6.64%, 7.47%, and 7.75%, respectively. Regarding mineral contents, the calcium levels ranged from 1.49 to 1.66 mg/g, iron levels from 28.35 to 40.36 μg/g, and zinc levels from 24.03 to 54.46 μg/g. Among the fatty acids, palmitic acid was the most abundant in all three species, accounting for 25.59-30.70% of the total fatty acids. Additionally, significant amounts of C18:1 (oleic acid), C18:0 (stearic acid), and C20:4 (arachidonic acid) were also detected as primary fatty acids. The calculated atherogenic index values in the three species of Bagridae fish ranged from 0.73 to 0.99, while the thrombogenic index values varied between 0.54 and 0.75. The predominant amino acids found in the three species of Bagridae fish were glutamic acid with their concentrations ranging from 9.10 to 24.34%. These results indicate that consuming the meat of these three freshwater Bagridae fish species caught in the wild does not pose any health risks to consumers. They can be considered a safe and suitable food source with good nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azrita Azrita
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bung Hatta University, 25131 Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
| | - Hafrijal Syandri
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bung Hatta University, 25131 Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
| | - HazlinaAhamad Zakeri
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Harfiandri Damanhuri
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bung Hatta University, 25131 Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia
| | - Netti Aryani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Riau University, 28293 Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia
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Su Q, Wang C, Huang L, Shahab A, He J, Cheng Y, Xu H, Yan Y, Kang B. Levels and health risk assessment of potential toxic elements in three dominant fish species from the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115566. [PMID: 37741108 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, eight potential toxic elements (PTEs) and stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were analyzed in three dominant fish species of the Beibu Gulf, namely Saurida tumbil, Pennahia macrocephalus and Upeneus sulphureus. The mean contents (mg/kg, dry weight) of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the three species of fish were 10.94, 0.11, 0.55, 2.00, 5.80, 0.47, 0.39, 41.70, respectively. Cr, Mn and Pb showed potential biomagnification effects in fish bodies while Cu and Zn were biodiluted through the food chain. The results of the health risk assessment showed that the total hazard quotient (THQ) ranged from 0.11 to 0.32 and 1.34 to 1.70 and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) ranged from 5.44 × 10-4 to 1.35 × 10-3 and 6.35 × 10-3 to 1.57 × 10-2 for adults and children, respectively. These results suggest that consumption of the three fish species by adults lead to carcinogenic health risks and consumption of the three fish species by children would result in significant adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyuan Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Caiguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiayang He
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanan Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yunrong Yan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Bin Kang
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
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Kaur N, Brraich OS. Detrimental influence of industrial effluents, especially heavy metals, on limnological parameters of water and nutritional profile in addition to enzymatic activities of fish, Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839) from diverse Ramsar sites, India (Punjab). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1012. [PMID: 37526774 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The present research was designed to determine the nutritive value of the liver and intestine of fish, Sperata seenghala, the impact of effluence load on limnological parameters of water and proximate composition of fish organs, especially on fatty acids, liver enzymatic activities, seasonal variations in the nutritional profile of fish, and to check and compare the pollution status of Ramsar sites in Punjab by calculating the water quality index, heavy metal pollution index, and metal index from June 2018 to August 2020. WQI of Harike wetland was found to be 53.95, which depicts that water quality in this region is "poor". At Nangal wetland, water quality index was reported to be "excellent" quality water and fit for the whole ecological unit. Overall heavy metal pollution index for Harike wetland was reported 174.569, whereas for Nangal wetland it was 5.994, depicting massive contaminant loads in a polluted region. MI value was also recorded as being higher (6.9336) in polluted habitat than in control habitat (0.8175). In fish liver, significant (p < 0.05) higher mean total lipids (6.73%), total proteins (3.98%), moisture (77.69%), ash (3.56%), and carbohydrates (3.79%) were observed in the samples from Nangal wetland than Harike wetland. A similar trend was reported in all biochemical contents of the fish intestine. Enzyme activities such as aspartate-aminotransferase and alanine-aminotransferase were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in the specimens collected from the polluted region. The mean total n-3 (except in spring), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (except in winter), and average monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids diminished significantly (p < 0.05) in the liver of fish from contaminated habitat than control site. In the intestine of fish collected from the polluted region, significant reductions in the mean total n-3 (except in autumn as well as summer), total n-6 PUFAs (in autumn and winter), and total SFAs were reported than control site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
| | - Onkar Singh Brraich
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Saikia SK. Aquatic resources and feed diversification: Reviewing three case studies from South East Asia with a viewpoint of trophic intensification in rice fish culture. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Molecular Characterization and Diversity of Bacteria Isolated from Fish and Fish Products Retailed in Kenyan Markets. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:2379323. [PMID: 35898416 PMCID: PMC9313967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2379323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fish products are highly vulnerable to microbial contamination due to their soft tissues, making them perishable and harmful to consumers. The clinical and subclinical infections reported by fish consumers are mainly associated with pathogenic microorganisms in fish products. Therefore, this study aimed at establishing the molecular profiles and diversity of the bacterial isolates from fish and fish products obtained from Kirinyaga County markets in Kenya. A total of 660 samples were randomly sampled in six Kirinyaga County markets and transported to Kenyatta University for bacterial isolation. The fish skin surface was cut using a sterile knife and blended in buffered peptone water. The blended product was serially diluted and plated on nutrient agar. After 24 hours, the bacteria cultures were subcultured to obtain pure bacterial isolates. The pure isolates were grouped and characterized based on their morphology and biochemical characteristics. One representative of each group was selected for bacterial DNA extraction. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using the 27F and 1492R primers, and the obtained PCR product was subjected to Sanger-based sequencing using the same primers. Morphological characterization yielded 54 morpho groups. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverse bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Citrobacter freundii, Bacillus sp. and Alcaligenes faecalis. Bacillus sp. was the most dominant group, as compared to other isolates in the study. The study, therefore, revealed diverse bacterial strains from the fish products. This high microbial diversity calls for heightened surveillance to prevent possible foodborne disease outbreaks.
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Biswas P, Jena AK, Singh SK. Conservation aquaculture of Ompok bimaculatus (Butter catfish), a near threatened catfish in India. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chakraborty P, Nath D, Hoque M, Sarkar P, Hati S, Mishra BK. Biopolymer‐based antimicrobial coatings for aquatic food products: A Review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production North‐Eastern Hill University Tura Campus India
| | - Debarshi Nath
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India
| | - Monjurul Hoque
- Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre Teagasc Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork T12 R229 Cork Ireland
| | - Preetam Sarkar
- Department of Food Process Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India
| | - Subrota Hati
- Department of Dairy Microbiology SMC College of Dairy Science Anand Agricultural University India
| | - Birendra Kumar Mishra
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production North‐Eastern Hill University Tura Campus India
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Odukoya JO, De Saeger S, De Boevre M, Adegoke GO, Audenaert K, Croubels S, Antonissen G, Odukoya JO, Njobeh PB. Influence of nixtamalization cooking ingredients on the minerals composition of nixtamalized maize and sorghum. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Cruxen CEDS, Thiel PR, Souza DM, Junges da Costa R, Filoda PF, Chaves FC, Fiorentini ÂM. Developing functional fish pâtés from Oligosarcus robustus and Loricariichythys anus with pre- and pro-biotic potentials. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Zhang L, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS. New technology to overcome defects in production of fermented plant products- a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Bioprospecting of thraustochytrids for omega-3 fatty acids: A sustainable approach to reduce dependency on animal sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Ajeeshkumar KK, Vishnu KV, Bineesh KK, Mathew S, Sankar TV, Asha KK. Macromineral and heavy metal profiles of selected deep-sea fish from the Kochi coast of the Arabian Sea, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112275. [PMID: 33826989 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea fish from the Arabian Sea in the south western coast of India have been gaining attention as a new edible fish source. Mineral profile of ten selected deep-sea fish from the south west coast of India were assessed for heavy metal and macro mineral content for safety and nutritional quality assessment, respectively. Heavy metal levels were below permissible limits for most of the species studied. But in some species, the levels slightly exceeded the permissible limit of 0.3 mg/kg for Pb, a major heavy metal contaminant in fish, according to the European Union and FSSAI regulations for heavy metals in food. Interestingly, significant content of macro minerals was observed in all the species studied. In conclusion, deep-sea fish were observed to be good source of minerals and were found to be safe for human consumption; except for a couple of species which possess slightly higher Pb content, which may be because of its presence in their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Ajeeshkumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Kochi 682 029, India
| | - K V Vishnu
- Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Ochanthuruthu P. O., Kochi 682508, Kerala, India
| | - K K Bineesh
- Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre (ANRC), Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair 744 102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Suseela Mathew
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Kochi 682 029, India
| | - T V Sankar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Kochi 682 029, India
| | - K K Asha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., Kochi 682 029, India.
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16
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Odukoya JO, Odukoya JO, Ndinteh DT. Elemental measurements and health risk assessment of sub-Saharan African medicinal plants used for cardiovascular diseases' and related risk factors' treatment. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126725. [PMID: 33561634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary factors have been noted to influence the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are the number one global cause of death. In this study, the nutritional importance and human health risk of the minerals composition of 20 medicinal plants' (MPs) parts used for treating CVDs and related risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were assessed. METHODS Inductively coupled plasma technology was used for determining the minerals composition of the MPs while human health risk assessment was based on hazard quotients, hazard indexes and non-carcinogenic risk analysis of the studied heavy metals. RESULTS The investigation showed varied level of minerals in the studied MPs' parts with K having the highest concentration in most. Although level of some elements inM. lucida, V. amygdalina leaves, T. cacao seed and Z. officinale rhizome revealed their possibility in preventing the occurrence of atherosclerosis, unsafe levels of some trace elements were recorded in M. lucida and V. amygdalina leaves. V. amygdalina leaves and A. cepa bulb also had their Pb contents higher than the WHO/FAO Codex permitted maximum level for leafy and bulb vegetables, respectively. In spite of the desirable Na/K and Zn/Cu ratios in all the tested MPs with their Cd and Pb levels below the WHO recommended maximum levels for dried medicinal plant materials, health risk assessment showed that habitual use of almost all of the studied MPs would present an unacceptable risk of non-carcinogenic effects on health. With the exception of S. aromaticum flower bud and T. tetraptera fruit, principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses of other plants' parts (MPs' parts aside from the leaves) analysed provided a distinction between MPs which have found food applications and those solely used for medicinal purposes. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that type of MP, plants' part, maturity stage, agricultural practice, growing environment and conditions, are among the factors determining the safety of plant materials used for CVDs' and related risk factors' treatment in SSA. To protect the lives of CVDs patients who rely on traditional medicine for treatment, government of SSA countries and relevant authorities need to set a regulatory limit for maximum acceptable concentration of minerals in MPs used in the region. Assessment of the physicochemical properties and pollution level of soil used for cultivation of these MPs is also encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Oluwaseun Odukoya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Julianah Olayemi Odukoya
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwara State University, PMB 1530, Malete, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Restoring Pre-Industrial CO2 Levels While Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Unless humanity achieves United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 and restores the relatively stable climate of pre-industrial CO2 levels (as early as 2140), species extinctions, starvation, drought/floods, and violence will exacerbate mass migrations. This paper presents conceptual designs and techno-economic analyses to calculate sustainable limits for growing high-protein seafood and macroalgae-for-biofuel. We review the availability of wet solid waste and outline the mass balance of carbon and plant nutrients passing through a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The paper reviews the availability of dry solid waste and dry biomass for bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS) while generating Allam Cycle electricity. Sufficient wet-waste biomass supports quickly building hydrothermal liquefaction facilities. Macroalgae-for-biofuel technology can be developed and straightforwardly implemented on SDG-achieving high protein seafood infrastructure. The analyses indicate a potential for (1) 0.5 billion tonnes/yr of seafood; (2) 20 million barrels/day of biofuel from solid waste; (3) more biocrude oil from macroalgae than current fossil oil; and (4) sequestration of 28 to 38 billion tonnes/yr of bio-CO2. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) costs are between 25–33% of those for BECCS with pre-2019 technology or the projected cost of air-capture CDR.
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Abstract
Vitamin D and its analogues are fat-soluble vitamins that carry out important functions in human and animal organisms. Many studies have pointed out the relationship between the deficiency of these substances and the development of both skeletal- and extra-skeletal diseases. Although vitamin D is fundamentally derived from the bio-transformation of its precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol, through the action of UV-B radiation in the skin, dietary intake also plays an important role in the regulation of its status in an organism. For this reason, the application of reliable methodologies that enable monitoring the content of vitamin D and its analogues in food and supplements constitutes an aspect of special relevance to establish adequate habits, which avoid the deficiency of these substances in organisms and, consequently, the appearance of related diseases. The use of chromatographic techniques in combination with conventional and novel sample pre-treatments has become a suitable strategy to achieve this aim. This review compiles the most relevant methodologies reported in the last ten years for vitamin D analogues analysis in food matrices. Particular attention has been paid to provide a general overview of the most suitable approaches in terms of reliability, sensitivity and simplicity, used in the field of food analysis.
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Moxness Reksten A, Joao Correia Victor AM, Baptista Nascimento Neves E, Myhre Christiansen S, Ahern M, Uzomah A, Lundebye AK, Kolding J, Kjellevold M. Nutrient and Chemical Contaminant Levels in Five Marine Fish Species from Angola-The EAF-Nansen Programme. Foods 2020; 9:E629. [PMID: 32422957 PMCID: PMC7278876 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish is a rich source of several important nutrients and an important part of the otherwise plant-dominated diet present in Angola. However, fish may also be a source of contaminants. The aim of this study was to analyse the nutrient contents and the levels of chemical contaminants, including arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, in five commonly consumed marine fish species sampled during a survey with the research vessel Dr. Fridtjof Nansen in Angola. The species' contribution to recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for women and children was assessed and compared to that of food products of terrestrial animal origin. All the sampled species are good sources of protein and micronutrients if included in the diet, and inter-species variation is evident. The species were identified to contribute 5-15% of the RNI for calcium, iron, iodine, and zinc and exceeded the contribution to protein and iron intakes of food products of terrestrial animal origin. Furthermore, the potential consumer exposure to chemical contaminants in the species was assessed. None of the species exceeded the maximum levels for cadmium, mercury, and lead, and the potential consumer exposure to cadmium and methylmercury was considered low. The data presented in this study represent an important contribution to African food composition tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Moxness Reksten
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (S.M.C.); (A.-K.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Avelina M. Joao Correia Victor
- Quality Control Department of Fisheries Products, National Institute of Fisheries and Marine Research, P.O. Box 2901, Luanda, Angola; (A.M.J.C.V.); (E.B.N.N.)
| | - Edia Baptista Nascimento Neves
- Quality Control Department of Fisheries Products, National Institute of Fisheries and Marine Research, P.O. Box 2901, Luanda, Angola; (A.M.J.C.V.); (E.B.N.N.)
| | - Sofie Myhre Christiansen
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (S.M.C.); (A.-K.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Molly Ahern
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Abimbola Uzomah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri 460114, Nigeria;
| | - Anne-Katrine Lundebye
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (S.M.C.); (A.-K.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Jeppe Kolding
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Marian Kjellevold
- Seafood, Nutrition and Environmental State, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; (S.M.C.); (A.-K.L.); (M.K.)
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Nash KL, Blythe JL, Cvitanovic C, Fulton EA, Halpern BS, Milner-Gulland E, Addison PF, Pecl GT, Watson RA, Blanchard JL. To Achieve a Sustainable Blue Future, Progress Assessments Must Include Interdependencies between the Sustainable Development Goals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Nutritional profiling of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) of different size groups and sensory evaluation of their adults from different riverine systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19306. [PMID: 31848425 PMCID: PMC6917730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional composition of hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha, of different size groups was analyzed to study variations in their composition with the progression of growth, and to correlate it with the flavor of adult hilsa (>800 g size) collected from different riverine systems (Hooghly and Padma). The amino acid analysis revealed significantly higher arginine (P < 0.01), methionine (P < 0.01) and glycine (P < 0.05) contents in samples below 5 g, whereas samples above 800 g had higher (P < 0.01) leucine and isoleucine contents. Total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were lower (P < 0.01) in fish below 5 g as compared to larger size groups (>5 g), whereas docosahexaenoic acid was higher (P < 0.01) in fish below 5 g size. Nutritional composition of adult hilsa (>800 g) from Hooghly and Padma river revealed higher (P < 0.01) aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, palmitoleic and oleic acid in samples from the Padma, whereas leucine and isoleucine contents were higher (P < 0.01) in hilsa from Hooghly. Sensory evaluation test revealed superior (P < 0.05) taste, aroma, and muscle texture of hilsa from the Padma as compared to those from Hooghly. Higher alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, oleic acid, and palmitoleic acid along with higher n3:n6 fatty acid are attributed to the superior taste of hilsa from the Padma.
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22
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Nutritional composition of food fishes and their importance in providing food and nutritional security. Food Chem 2019; 293:561-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Grela ER, Bik-Małodzińska M. Nutrient and Mineral Profile of Chosen Fresh and Smoked Fish. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071448. [PMID: 31248047 PMCID: PMC6683256 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, were determined the basic nutrients (dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, ether extract, and energy) and mineral elements content in chosen species of raw and smoked freshwater and sea fish. The content of dry matter, and basic nutrients and Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, P+2, Zn+2, and Cu+2 in the fish samples was determined. The dietary intake of several macro- and microconstituents per one serving (150 g fresh or smoked fish) was calculated. The fresh fish contained on average 220.2 to 283.7 g·kg−1 of dry matter, 12.4 to 10.7 g·kg−1 of crude ash, 176.2 to 173.5 g·kg−1 of crude protein, 32.6 to 78.6 g·kg−1 of ether extract, and 104.6 to 119.1 kcal (freshwater and sea fish, respectively). Thermal treatment reduces the water and fat content in fish meat. Reduction of the K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, and Cu levels was observed most frequently. The one serving of fish covers approximately 23% and 12% of the recommended dietary amount of K, 7.5–5.0% of Ca, ~12% of Mg, 6.8 to 12.5% of Zn, and about covered 6.7% of Cu. The smoking process increased the concentration of some basic nutrients and reduced the fat and mineral content. Whitefish, trout, halibut, mackerel, and herring had the highest levels of the analyzed minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Kiczorowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Samolińska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Eugeniusz R Grela
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Bik-Małodzińska
- Institute of Soil Science, Environment Engineering and Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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Han Y, Hao H, Yang L, Chen G, Wen Y, Huang R. Nutritional characteristics of marine fish Sardinella zunasi Bleeker and immunostimulatory activities of its glycoprotein. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30144-30153. [PMID: 35530240 PMCID: PMC9072115 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04913d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sardinella zunasi Bleeker, an edible and medicinal marine fish, is largely distributed in tropical oceans. However, the chemical composition and nutritional properties of this species have not yet been investigated. In the present study, proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids, taurine, and minerals of S. zunasi Bleeker were characterized, and the immunostimulatory properties of its glycoprotein were evaluated. The results indicated the presence of crude protein (19.66%), crude lipid (6.29%) and carbohydrate (0.74%) in S. zunasi Bleeker; monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fatty acid composition of S. zunasi Bleeker were 25.00% and 31.01%, respectively; S. zunasi Bleeker was rich in taurine (219 mg/100 g) and essential amino acids (5.57 g/100 g). In addition, the glycoprotein of S. zunasi consisted of protein and sugars, with a total content of 34.25% and 16.27%, respectively. The glycoprotein showed significant effects on promoting NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Thus, these findings provide a scientific basis for the further utilization of glycoprotein from S. zunasi Bleeker. Glycoprotein from the dible and medicinal marine fish Sardinella zunasi Bleeker possessed significant immunostimulatory activities in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Huili Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Guolian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Yucong Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
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Ganguly S, Mahanty A, Mitra T, Mohanty S, Das BK, Mohanty BP. Nutrigenomic studies on hilsa to evaluate flesh quality attributes and genes associated with fatty acid metabolism from the rivers Hooghly and Padma. Food Res Int 2018; 103:21-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Joshi V, Akhtar MS, Sharma P, Singh Kushwaha S, Baruah D, Ciji A, Pande V, Sarma D. Himalayan Fish Manifest Higher Potential of Quality Nutrients for Human Health. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2017.1340916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Joshi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M. S. Akhtar
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prakash Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Deepjyoti Baruah
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A. Ciji
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debajit Sarma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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Du K, Liu M, Pan Y, Zhong X, Wei M. Association of Serum Manganese Levels with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030231. [PMID: 28273828 PMCID: PMC5372894 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most studied environmental heavy metals linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether serum Mn levels are associated with AD and mild cognition impairment (MCI, a prodromal stage of AD). We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the serum Mn levels in patients with AD and MCI. A systematic database search of PubMed, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) identified 17 studies, including 836 cases and 1254 health controls (HC). Random-effects meta-analysis showed that patients with AD had significantly reduced serum Mn levels compared with HC subjects (SMD = −0.39; 95% CI (−0.71, −0.08); p = 0.015). MCI individuals had a tendency toward reduced serum Mn levels compared with HC subjects (SMD = −0.31; 95% CI (−0.70, 0.08); p = 0.117). A significant decrease in serum Mn levels was found in patients with cognitive impairment (including both AD patients and MCI patients) (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI (−0.60; −0.13); p = 0.002). Finally, no significant differences were observed between AD and MCI patients in serum levels (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI (−0.23, 0.72); p = 0.310). Our findings show that the serum Mn levels are lower in AD patients, and Mn deficiency may be a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yanzhu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Omega-3 fatty acids and cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in cardiovascular diseases: Which actions and interactions modulate hemodynamics? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 128-129:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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