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Elkattan AN, El-saadany S, Azzazy M, Okda TM, Mamdouh M, Ahmed O, El-Far AH, ElKhayat M, Albadrani GM, Al-Ghadi MQ, Abdel-Daim MM, El Daous H. Ameliorative effect of licorice extract against the detrimental effect of glyphosate-based pesticide: Toxicity and health. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31623. [PMID: 38831822 PMCID: PMC11145546 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study sheds the light on the potential of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root aqueous extract as a cornerstone for mitigating and detoxifying the residues of the widely used agricultural Glyphosate-based pesticides (GBPs). This study examined the GBPs toxic effects on kidney, liver, thyroid functions, and apoptosis using 50 adult male albino rats. All rats were divided into 5 groups, with 10 each. Control: served as untreated rats. GBP: rats were treated with 1 mL glyphosate solution 24 % orally for three weeks. The glyphosate-treated rats were gavaged with licorice root aqueous extractsolution (100, 200, and 300 mg/mLdistilled water, respectively) daily for three weeks. Licorice root aqueous extract solution (300 mg/mL distilled water) yielded notable reductions in liver, kidney enzymes, albumin, and AFP levels within the serum. Immunological tests, including immunohistochemical evaluations of caspase-3 and TNF-α expressions revealed a dose-dependent attenuation of apoptosis and inflammation with licorice intervention. This will provide a valuable perspective for agricultural practices future and paving the way for a more sustainable approach for using GBPs in animal agriculture industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed N. Elkattan
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, DamanhourUniversity, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sayad El-saadany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Azzazy
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Desert Studies, Sadat City University, 32897, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Tarek M. Okda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhur University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Maha Mamdouh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Mushtuhur, Toukh, Qalioubia, Egypt
| | - Osama Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Mushtuhur, Toukh, Qalioubia, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Manar ElKhayat
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Mushtuhur, Toukh, Qalioubia, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Q. Al-Ghadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hala El Daous
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Mushtuhur, Toukh, Qalioubia, Egypt
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Rakhshandeh H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Dehghan-Naieri B, Rahmanian-Devin P, Jebalbarezy A, Hasanpour M, Iranshahi M, Askari VR. Peritoneal lavage with Glycyrrhiza glabra is effective in preventing peritoneal adhesion in a rat model. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:899-914. [PMID: 36862226 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraperitoneal adhesion formation is a significant problem following surgeries, resulting in substantial clinical and economic consequences. Glycyrrhiza glabra has several pharmacological properties consisting of anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory activities. AIM Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impacts of G. glabra on the development of post-operative abdominal adhesion in a rat model. METHODS Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into six groups (n = 8): Group 1: normal group (non-surgical), and the surgical groups including Group 2: control group received the vehicle, Group 3: G. glabra 0.5% w/v, Group 4: G. glabra 1% w/v, Group 5: G. glabra 2% w/v, and Group 6: dexamethasone, 0.4% w/v. The intra-abdominal adhesion was performed utilizing soft sterilized sandpaper on one side of the cecum, and the peritoneum was slightly washed with 2 ml of the extract or vehicle. In addition, macroscopic examination of adhesion scoring and the levels of inflammatory mediators [interferon (IFN)-γ, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)], fibrosis markers [interleukin (IL)-4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ꞵ], and oxidative factors [malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide metabolites (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH)] were evaluated. In vitro toxicities were also done on mouse fibroblast L929 and NIH/3T3 cell lines. RESULTS We found higher levels of adhesion (P < 0.001), IFN-γ(P < 0.001), PGE2(P < 0.001), IL-4(P < 0.001), TGF-β(P < 0.001), MDA(P < 0.001), and NO(P < 0.001), and lower levels of GSH(P < 0.001) in the control group. In contrast, G. glabra concentration dependent and dexamethasone alleviated the levels of adhesion (P < 0.05), inflammatory mediators (P < 0.001-0.05), fibrosis (P < 0.001-0.05), and oxidative (P < 0.001-0.05) factors, while propagating the anti-oxidant marker (P < 0.001-0.05) in comparison to the control group. Results also showed that the extract did not significantly reduce cell viability up to 300 µg/ml (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION G. glabra could concentration-dependently mitigate peritoneal adhesion formation through its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, and anti-oxidant properties. However, further clinical investigations are required to approve that G. glabra may be a promising candidate against post-surgical adhesive complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Dehghan-Naieri
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Jebalbarezy
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yan LJ, Allen DC. Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury: Oxidative Damage as a Unifying Mechanism. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1575. [PMID: 34827573 PMCID: PMC8615899 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a nonessential metal that has heavily polluted the environment due to human activities. It can be absorbed into the human body via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and the skin, and can cause chronic damage to the kidneys. The main site where cadmium accumulates and causes damage within the nephrons is the proximal tubule. This accumulation can induce dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to electron leakage and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cadmium may also impair the function of NADPH oxidase, resulting in another source of ROS. These ROS together can cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, triggering epithelial cell death and a decline in kidney function. In this article, we also reviewed evidence that the antioxidant power of plant extracts, herbal medicines, and pharmacological agents could ameliorate cadmium-induced kidney injury. Finally, a model of cadmium-induced kidney injury, centering on the notion that oxidative damage is a unifying mechanism of cadmium renal toxicity, is also presented. Given that cadmium exposure is inevitable, further studies using animal models are warranted for a detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying cadmium induced ROS production, and for the identification of more therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
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Heidari S, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. The genus Glycyrrhiza (Fabaceae family) and its active constituents as protective agents against natural or chemical toxicities. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6552-6571. [PMID: 34414608 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is the dried roots and rhizomes of various species of the genus Glycyrrhiza (Fabaceae) that have been used in folk medicine from ancient times. Many important research projects have established several beneficial effects for this medicinal herb, including antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective. Licorice contains important bioactive components, such as glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic, glycyrrhizinic acid), liquiritigenin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhetinic acid. The protective effects of licorice and its main chemical components against toxins and toxicants in several organs including the brain, heart, liver, kidney, and lung have been shown. In this comprehensive review article, the protective effects of these constituents against natural, industrial, environmental, and chemical toxicities with attention on the cellular and molecular mechanism are introduced. Also, it has been revealed that this plant and its main compounds can inhibit the toxicity of different toxins by the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties as well as the modulation of Inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK), Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. More high-quality investigations in both experimental and clinical studies need to firmly establish the efficacy of licorice and its main constituents against toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.,Toxicology and Addiction Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Karthikkeyan G, Pervaje R, Pervaje SK, Prasad TSK, Modi PK. Prevention of MEK-ERK-1/2 hyper-activation underlines the neuroprotective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Yashtimadhu) against rotenone-induced cellular and molecular aberrations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114025. [PMID: 33775804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yashtimadhu choorna (powder) is prepared from the dried root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., commonly known as licorice. The Indian Ayurvedic system classifies Yashtimadhu as a Medhya Rasayana that can enhance brain function, improves memory, and possess neuroprotective functions, which can be used against neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD). AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to decipher the neuroprotective effects of G. glabra L., i.e., Yashtimadhu, in a rotenone-induced PD model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retinoic acid-differentiated IMR-32 cells were treated with rotenone (PD model) and Yashtimadhu, and were assessed for cellular toxicity, live-dead staining, cell cycle, oxidative stress, protein abundance, and kinase phosphorylation. RESULTS Yashtimadhu conferred protection against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity, countered cell death, reduced expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (cleaved-caspases-9, and 3, cleaved-PARP, BAX, and BAK) and increased anti-apoptotic protein, BCL-2. Rotenone-induced cell cycle re-entry (G2/M transition), was negated by Yashtimadhu and was confirmed with PCNA levels. Yashtimadhu countered rotenone-mediated activation of mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative stress, cytochrome-C, PDHA1, and HSP60. Inhibition of rotenone-induced ERK-1/2 hyperphosphorylation prevented activation of apoptosis, which was confirmed with MEK-inhibitor, highlighted the action of Yashtimadhu via ERK-1/2 modulation. CONCLUSIONS We provide the evidence for neuroprotection conferred by G. glabra L. (Yashtimadhu) and its mechanism via inhibiting MEK-ERK-1/2 hyper-phosphorylation, prevention of mitochondrial stress, and subsequent prevention of apoptosis. The study highlights Yashtimadhu as a promising candidate with neuroprotective effects, the potential of which can be harnessed for identifying novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathree Karthikkeyan
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.
| | | | - Sameera Krishna Pervaje
- Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.
| | | | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India.
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