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Hong H, Yu L, Cong W, Kang K, Gao Y, Guan Q, Meng X, Zhang H, Zhou Z. Cross-Talking Pathways of Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma-1 (RAF-1) in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2798-2807. [PMID: 37940778 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) becomes one of the main global burden diseases with the aging population. This study was to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma-1 (RAF-1) in AD through bioinformatics analysis. Differential gene expression analysis was performed in GSE132903 dataset. We used weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to evaluate the relations among co-expression modules and construct global regulatory network. Cross-talking pathways of RAF-1 in AD were identified by functional enrichment analysis. Totally, 2700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected between AD versus non-dementia control and RAF-1-high versus low group. Among them, DEGs in turquoise module strongly associated with AD and high expression of RAF-1 were enriched in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), neurotrophin, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, GABAergic synapse, and axon guidance. Moreover, cross-talking pathways of RAF-1, including MAPK, VEGF, neurotrophin signaling pathways, and axon guidance, were identified by global regulatory network. The performance evaluation of AUC was 84.2%. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that oxidative phosphorylation and synapse-related biological processes were enriched in RAF-1-high and AD group. Our findings strengthened the potential roles of high RAF-1 level in AD pathogenesis, which were mediated by MAPK, VEGF, neurotrophin signaling pathways, and axon guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lujiao Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenqiang Cong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yazhu Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Masood MI, Hauke NT, Nasim MJ, Sarfraz M, Naseem M, Schäfer KH. Neural stem cell-based in vitro bioassay for the assessment of neurotoxic potential of water samples. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:72-86. [PMID: 33334539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture activities, industrialization and growing numbers of wastewater treatment plants along river banks collectively contribute to the elevated levels of neurotoxic pollutants in natural water reservoirs across Europe. We established an in vitro bioassay based upon neural stem cells isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal mouse to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of raw wastewater, treated sewage effluent, groundwater and drinking water. The toxic potential of water samples was evaluated employing viability, proliferation, differentiation and migration assays. We found that raw wastewater could reduce the viability and proliferation of neural stem cells, and decreased the neuronal and astrocyte differentiation, neuronal neurite growth, astrocyte growth and cell migration. Treated sewage water also showed inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration. Our results indicated that relatively high concentrations of nitrogenous substances, pesticides, mercuric compounds, bisphenol-A, and phthalates, along with some other pollutants in raw wastewater and treated sewage water, might be the reason for the neuroinhibitory effects of these water samples. Our model successfully predicted the neurotoxicity of water samples collected from different sources and also revealed that the incomplete removal of contaminants from wastewater can be problematic for the developing nervous system. The presented data also provides strong evidence that more effective treatments should be used to minimize the contamination of water before release into major water bodies which may be considered as water reservoirs for human usage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Masood
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Natalie Tamara Hauke
- Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany; Abwasserverband Bergstrasse, Altau 10, 69469 Weinheim, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jawad Nasim
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mahrukh Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87550, Pakistan
| | - Karl Herbert Schäfer
- ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany.
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