Comparative Serum Proteomic Analysis of the Effects of Sodium Selenate on a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Discussions of Fluorescence in Selenium Chemistry: Recently Reported Probes, Particles, and a Clearer Biological Knowledge

In this review from literature appearing over about the past 5 years, we focus on selected selenide reports and related chemistry; we aimed for a digestible, relevant, review intended to be usefully interconnected within the realm of fluorescence and selenium chemistry. Tellurium is mentioned where relevant. Topics include selenium in physics and surfaces, nanoscience, sensing and fluorescence, quantum dots and nanoparticles, Au and oxide nanoparticles quantum dot based, coatings and catalyst poisons, thin film, and aspects of solar energy conversion. Chemosensing is covered, whether small molecule or nanoparticle based, relating to metal ion analytes, H2S, as well as analyte sulfane (biothiols-including glutathione). We cover recent reports of probing and fluorescence when they deal with redox biology aspects. Selenium in therapeutics, medicinal chemistry and skeleton cores is covered. Selenium serves as a constituent for some small molecule sensors and probes. Typically, the selenium is part of the reactive, or active site of the probe; in other cases, it is featured as the analyte, either as a reduced or oxidized form of selenium. Free radicals and ROS are also mentioned; aggregation strategies are treated in some places. Also, the relationship between reduced selenium and oxidized selenium is developed.

Identifying Protein Biomarkers in Blood for Alzheimer's Disease

Background: At present, the main diagnostic methods for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are positron emission tomography (PET) scanning of the brain and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample, but these methods are expensive and harmful to patients. Recently, more researchers focus on diagnosing AD by detecting biomarkers in blood, which is a cheaper and harmless way. Therefore, identifying AD-related proteins in blood can help treatment and diagnosis. Methods: We proposed a hypothesis that similar diseases share similar proteins. Diseases with similar symptoms are caused by abnormalities of similar proteins. Assuming that the similarities between AD and other diseases obey the normal distribution, we developed an iterative method based on disease similarity (IBDS). We combined Elastic Network (EN) with Minimum angle regression (MAR) to find the optimal solution. Finally, we used case studies and Summary data Mendelian Random (SMR) to verify our method. Results: We selected 39 diseases which are highly related to AD. They correspond 1,481 kinds of proteins. One hundred and eighty-four proteins are reported to be related to AD in Uniprot and the number would be 284 with our method. The AUC of our method by cross-validation is 0.9251 which is much higher than previous methods. Conclusion: In this paper, we presented a novel method for prioritizing AD-related proteins. Seven proteins have tissue specificity in blood among these 284 proteins, which could be used to diagnose AD in future. Case studies and SMR have been used to prove the relationship between these 7 proteins and AD. Availability and Implementation: https://github.com/zty2009/Identifying-Protein-Biomarkers-in-Blood-for-Alzheimer-s-Disease.