1
|
Fu D, Liang X, Jiang Y, Liu J, Lin X, Yang Q, Chen X, Huang P, Wang W, Wu W. Iron blocks autophagic flux and induces autophagosomes accumulation in microglia. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114054. [PMID: 37777083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential dietary micronutrient for maintaining physiological homeostasis. However, disruption of cerebral iron regulation with the accumulation of iron in different brain structures appears to have a role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have reported that autophagy induction could potentially mitigate progression in neurodegenerative diseases with iron deposition, but the relationship between autophagy and iron remains poorly understood. Meanwhile, abnormal autophagy in microglia is closely related to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the effect of iron on microglia autophagy needs to be elaborated. In the present study, we found that iron induces autophagosome accumulation but inhibits its initiation in an Akt-mTOR pathway independent manner. Meanwhile, it caused autophagy flux defects and dysfunction of lysosomes. We also found that iron overload reduced the expression of Rab7, which is an essential protein for the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. These results suggest that iron induces the accumulation of autophagosome in microglia and disrupts the autophagic flux in late stage of autophagy. Therefore, our work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of iron neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xingyue Liang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; School of Advance Manufacture, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362251, China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Jieping Liu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xiaosi Lin
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Quan Yang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Ping Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Wenlin Wu
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; School of Advance Manufacture, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362251, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kulkarni N, Gadde R, Betharia S. Dithiolethiones D3T and ACDT Protect Against Iron Overload-Induced Cytotoxicity and Serve as Ferroptosis Inhibitors in U-87 MG Cells. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03927-7. [PMID: 37061657 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload-induced oxidative stress is implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders. Given the numerous adverse effects associated with current iron chelators, natural antioxidants are being explored as alternative therapeutic options. Dithiolethiones found in cruciferous vegetables have emerged as promising candidates against a wide range of toxicants owing to their lipophilic and cytoprotective properties. Here, we test the dithiolethiones 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and 5-amino-3-thioxo-3H-(1,2) dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ACDT) against ferric ammonium citrate (FAC)-induced toxicity in U-87 MG astrocytoma cells. Exposure to 15 mM FAC for 24 h resulted in 54% cell death. A 24-h pretreatment with 50 μM D3T and ACDT prevented this cytotoxicity. Both dithiolethiones exhibited antioxidant effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor and upregulating levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH). This resulted in the successful inhibition of FAC-induced reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Additionally, D3T and ACDT upregulated expression of the Nrf2-mediated iron storage protein ferritin which consequently reduced the total labile iron pool. A 24-h pretreatment with D3T and ACDT also prevented cell death induced by the ferroptosis inducer erastin by upregulating the transmembrane cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) expression. The resulting increase in intracellular GSH and alleviation of lipid peroxidation was comparable to that caused by ferrostatin-1, a specific ferroptosis inhibitor. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that dithiolethiones may show promise as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of iron overload disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rajitha Gadde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Swati Betharia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sung HK, Murugathasan M, Abdul-Sater AA, Sweeney G. Autophagy deficiency exacerbates iron overload induced reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:252. [PMID: 37029101 PMCID: PMC10081999 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload is associated with various pathological changes which contribute to metabolic syndrome, many of which have been proposed to occur via damaging tissue through an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this study, we established a model of iron overload in L6 skeletal muscle cells and observed that iron enhanced cytochrome c release from depolarized mitochondria, assayed by immunofluorescent colocalization of cytochrome c with Tom20 and the use of JC-1, respectively. This subsequently elevated apoptosis, determined via use of a caspase-3/7 activatable fluorescent probe and western blotting for cleaved caspase-3. Using CellROX deep red and mBBr, we observed that iron increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that pretreatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBAP reduced ROS production and attenuated iron-induced intrinsic apoptosis and cell death. Furthermore, using MitoSox Red we observed that iron enhanced mROS and the mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant SKQ1 reduced iron-induced ROS generation and cell death. Western blotting for LC3-II and P62 levels as well as immunofluorescent detection of autophagy flux with LC3B and P62 co-localization indicated that iron acutely (2-8 h) activated and later (12-24 h) attenuated autophagic flux. We used autophagy-deficient cell models generated by overexpressing a dominant-negative Atg5 mutant or CRISPR-mediated ATG7 knock out to test the functional significance of autophagy and observed that autophagy-deficiency exacerbated iron-induced ROS production and apoptosis. In conclusion, our study showed that high iron levels promoted ROS production, blunted the self-protective autophagy response and led to cell death in L6 skeletal muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali A Abdul-Sater
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaokaen P, Sorraksa N, Phonchai R, Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Kunhorm P, Noisa P. Enhancing Neurological Competence of Nanoencapsulated Cordyceps/Turmeric Extracts in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 16:81-93. [PMID: 36660588 PMCID: PMC9842810 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases, and brain cancers, are reportedly caused by genetic aberration and cellular malfunction. Herbs with bioactive compounds that have anti-oxidant effects such as cordyceps and turmeric, are of interest to clinical applications due to their minimal adverse effects. The aim of study is to develop the nanoencapsulated cordyceps and turmeric extracts and investigate their capability to enhance the biological activity and improve neuronal function. Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were utilized as a neuronal model to investigate the properties of nanoencapsulated cordyceps or turmeric extracts, called CMP and TEP, respectively. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with either CMP or TEP and examined the biological consequences, including neuronal maturation and neuronal function. Results The results showed that both CMP and TEP improved cellular uptake efficiency within 6 h by 2.3 and 2.8 times, respectively. Besides, they were able to inhibit cellular proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells up to 153- and 218-fold changes, and increase the expression of mature neuronal markers (TUJ1, PAX6, and NESTIN). Upon the treatment of CMP and TEP, the expression of dopaminergic-specific genes (LMX1B, FOXA2, EN1, and NURR1), and the secretion level of dopamine were significantly improved up to 3.3-fold and 3.0-fold, respectively, while the expression of Alzheimer genes (PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP), and the secretion of amyloid precursor protein were significantly reduced by 32-fold and 108-fold, respectively. Importantly, the autophagy activity was upregulated by CMP and TEP at 6.3- and 5.5-fold changes, respectively. Conclusions This finding suggested that the nanoencapsulated cordyceps and turmeric extracts accelerated neuronal maturation and alleviated neuronal pathology in human neural cells. This paves the way for nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems that could potentially be used as an alternative medicine in the future for neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palakorn Kaokaen
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Natchadaporn Sorraksa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Ruchee Phonchai
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chakraborty J, Pakrashi S, Sarbajna A, Dutta M, Bandyopadhyay J. Quercetin Attenuates Copper-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells by Autophagic Modulation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5022-5041. [PMID: 35149956 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An increase in anthropogenic activities results in metal contamination in the ecosystem which has proven to be a major health risk in humans, as they make entry into cellular organelles via agricultural products. Copper (Cu) is one such metal that acts as an essential cofactor for the activity of several enzymes, one being the cytochrome c oxidase. The increasing number of evidence suggests a substantial correlation of Cu overload with neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). We aim to explore quercetin, a well-known polyphenol, as an alternative for combating Cu-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y secondary cell lines. We observed that Cu increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, triggered morphological deformities and condensation of nuclei, caused an imbalance in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and finally induced apoptotic cell deaths. We further investigated the effects of Cu in modulating the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bcl-2, etc. However, quercetin reversed these changes owing to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, resulting in autophagy induction as an outcome of upregulation of autophagosome-bound microtubules-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3II). Besides, we investigated the role of Cu in stimulating ER stress proteins, viz. PERK, CHOP, and the concomitant responses of quercetin in restoring the ER homeostasis in cellular organelles like mitochondria and ER, against Cu-induced toxic insults by modulating autophagic pathways. Overall, this research work proposes a remedial approach for Cu-mediated neurotoxicity through understanding the diverse molecular signaling inside a cell with an aim to develop effective therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Pakrashi
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, West Bengal, India
- Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpita Sarbajna
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India
| | - Jaya Bandyopadhyay
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, NH 12, Haringhata, 741249, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zubillaga M, Rosa D, Astiz M, Tricerri MA, Arnal N. Effect of Sublethal Copper Overload on Cholesterol De Novo Synthesis in Undifferentiated Neuronal Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25022-25030. [PMID: 35910134 PMCID: PMC9330139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal for cells, it can induce harmful effects as it participates in the Fenton reaction. Involuntary exposure to Cu overload is much more common than expected and has been linked with neurodegeneration, particularly with Alzheimer's disease (AD) evidenced by a positive correlation between free Cu in plasma and the severity of the disease. It has been suggested that Cu imbalance alters cholesterol (Chol) homeostasis and that high membrane Chol promotes the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) secreting the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Despite the wide knowledge on the effects of Cu in mature brain metabolism, the consequence of its overload on immature neurons remains unknown. Therefore, we used an undifferentiated human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) to analyze the effect of sublethal concentrations of Cu on 1- de novo Chol synthesis and membrane distribution; 2-APP levels in cells and its distribution in membrane rafts; 3-the levels of Aβ in the culture medium. Our results demonstrated that Cu increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and favors Chol de novo synthesis in both ROS-dependent and independent manners. Also, at least part of these effects was due to the activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR). In addition, Cu increases the Chol/PL ratio in the cellular membranes, specifically Chol content in membrane rafts. We found no changes in total APP cell levels; however, its presence in membrane rafts increases with the consequent increase of Aβ in the culture medium. We conclude that Cu overload favors Chol de novo synthesis in both ROS-dependent and independent manners, being at least in part, responsible for the high Chol levels found in the cell membrane and membrane rafts. These may promote the redistribution of APP into the rafts, favoring the amyloidogenic processing of this protein and increasing the levels of Aβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Zubillaga
- Laboratorio
de Neurociencia, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de
La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET (Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas)—UNLP
(Universidad Nacional de La Plata), Calle 60 y 120, CP 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diana Rosa
- Laboratorio
de Nutrición Mineral, Fac. Cs Veterinarias, UNLP (Universidad Nacional de La Plata). Calle 60 CP 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Institute
of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - M. Alejandra Tricerri
- Laboratorio
de Neurociencia, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de
La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET (Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas)—UNLP
(Universidad Nacional de La Plata), Calle 60 y 120, CP 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nathalie Arnal
- Laboratorio
de Neurociencia, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de
La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET (Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas)—UNLP
(Universidad Nacional de La Plata), Calle 60 y 120, CP 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reversal of genetic brain iron accumulation by N,N'-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)isophthalamide, a lipophilic metal chelator, in mice. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1951-1962. [PMID: 35445828 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)isophthalamide (NBMI) is a novel lipophilic metal chelator and antioxidant used in mercury poisoning. Recent studies have suggested that NBMI may also bind to other metals such as lead and iron. Since NBMI can enter the brain, we evaluated if NBMI removes excess iron from the iron-loaded brain and ameliorates iron-induced oxidative stress. First, NBMI exhibited preferential binding to ferrous (Fe2+) iron with a negligible binding affinity to ferric (Fe3+) iron, indicating a selective chelation of labile iron. Second, NBMI protected SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from the cytotoxic effects of high iron. NBMI also decreased cellular labile iron and lessened the production of iron-induced reactive oxygen species in these cells. Deferiprone (DFP), a commonly used oral iron chelator, failed to prevent iron-induced cytotoxicity or labile iron accumulation. Next, we validated the efficacy of NBMI in Hfe H67D mutant mice, a mouse model of brain iron accumulation (BIA). Oral gavage of NBMI for 6 weeks decreased iron accumulation in the brain as well as liver, whereas DFP showed iron chelation only in the liver, but not in the brain. Notably, depletion of brain copper and anemia were observed in BIA mice treated with DFP, but not with NBMI, suggesting a superior safety profile of NBMI over DFP for long-term use. Collectively, our study demonstrates that NBMI provides a neuroprotective effect against BIA and has therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases associated with BIA.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv M, Cai Y, Hou W, Peng K, Xu K, Lu C, Yu W, Zhang W, Liu L. The RNA-binding protein SND1 promotes the degradation of GPX4 by destabilizing the HSPA5 mRNA and suppressing HSPA5 expression, promoting ferroptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:461-472. [PMID: 35320827 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5), a recently identified suppressor of ferroptosis, was reported to potentially regulating osteoarthritis. However, the exact role of HSPA5 and how its expression was regulated in osteoarthritis are largely unclear. METHODS Rat primary chondrocytes were treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 24 h and incubated with ferrostatin-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor). Cell viability, production of TNF-α, ROS and MDA, expression levels of collagen II, MMP13, GPX4, and SND1, and Fe2+ concentration were detected. Gain- and loss-of-function manipulations were performed to investigate the effect of HSPA5 on chondrocyte functions, and SND1 shRNA (sh-SND1) was transfected into IL-1β-treated primary chondrocytes alone or together with sh-HSPA5. Furthermore, the interaction between HSPA5 and GPX4 and the regulation of HSPA5 on GPX4 were explored. Finally, SND1 was knocked down in the rats with osteoarthritis, and the histopathology, expression of HSPA5-GPX4 axis, and levels of oxidative stress markers were evaluated. RESULTS IL-1β treatment could enhance extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation (collagen II reduced and MMP13 increased), promote ferroptosis, manifested by decreased cell viability, increased levels of TNF-α, ROS, MDA, and Fe2+ concentrations, and decreased level of GPX4 protein, and increase SND1 expression in chondrocytes, which could be reversed by ferrostatin-1. Knockdown of SND1 enhanced ECM degradation and suppressed ferroptosis IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, which could be eliminated by knockdown of HSPA5. SND1 bound with HSPA5 at the 3'UTR and destabilized the HSPA5 mRNA. HSPA5 protein directly bound with GPX4 protein and positively regulate its expression. HSPA5 overexpression suppressed IL-1β-induced chondrocyte ferroptosis, while this effect was counteracted by GPX4 silencing. Knockdown of SND1 upregulated HSPA5 and GPX4 in rat cartilage, inhibited inflammatory damage and ferroptosis, and alleviated OA progression. CONCLUSION The RNA-binding protein SND1 promotes the degradation of GPX4 by destabilizing the HSPA5 mRNA and suppressing HSPA5 expression, promoting ferroptosis in osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yuanzhen Cai
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Weikun Hou
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Kan Peng
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wenxing Yu
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Weisong Zhang
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Osteonecrosis and Joint Reconstruction Ward, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an JiaoTong University, 555 Youyi East Road, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Production of levan from Bacillus subtilis var. natto and apoptotic effect on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118613. [PMID: 34561011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Levan is a high-valued polysaccharide of fructose produced by several microbial species. These polysaccharides have been described as effective therapeutic agents in some human disease conditions, such as cancer, heart diseases and diabetes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of levan (β-(2 → 6)-fructan) produced through sucrose fermentation by B. subtilis var. natto on the proliferation rate, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. It was obtained 41.44 g/L of levan in 18 h by biotechnological fermentation and SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 1000 μg/mL of levan. The treatment with 1000 μg/mL of levan induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cancer cells by the significant increase in Annexin V/7-AAD and caspase 3/7 activation, but did not decrease proliferation or triggered a cytotoxic effect. 1000 μg/mL levan treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy for SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wandt VK, Winkelbeiner N, Bornhorst J, Witt B, Raschke S, Simon L, Ebert F, Kipp AP, Schwerdtle T. A matter of concern - Trace element dyshomeostasis and genomic stability in neurons. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101877. [PMID: 33607499 PMCID: PMC7902532 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are post-mitotic cells in the brain and their integrity is of central importance to avoid neurodegeneration. Yet, the inability of self-replenishment of post-mitotic cells results in the need to withstand challenges from numerous stressors during life. Neurons are exposed to oxidative stress due to high oxygen consumption during metabolic activity in the brain. Accordingly, DNA damage can occur and accumulate, resulting in genome instability. In this context, imbalances in brain trace element homeostasis are a matter of concern, especially regarding iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium. Although trace elements are essential for brain physiology, excess and deficient conditions are considered to impair neuronal maintenance. Besides increasing oxidative stress, DNA damage response and repair of oxidative DNA damage are affected by trace elements. Hence, a balanced trace element homeostasis is of particular importance to safeguard neuronal genome integrity and prevent neuronal loss. This review summarises the current state of knowledge on the impact of deficient, as well as excessive iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium levels on neuronal genome stability. Post-mitotic neurons show an increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. Trace element dyshomeostasis impairs neuronal genome maintenance, affecting DNA damage response as well as DNA repair. The review summarises the effects of excessive and deficient trace element levels neuronal genome stability maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria K Wandt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Nicola Winkelbeiner
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Barbara Witt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Raschke
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Luise Simon
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Anna P Kipp
- TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gonzalez G, Grúz J, D’Acunto CW, Kaňovský P, Strnad M. Cytokinin Plant Hormones Have Neuroprotective Activity in In Vitro Models of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:E361. [PMID: 33445611 PMCID: PMC7827283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins are adenine-based phytohormones that regulate key processes in plants, such as cell division and differentiation, root and shoot growth, apical dominance, branching, and seed germination. In preliminary studies, they have also shown protective activities against human neurodegenerative diseases. To extend knowledge of the protection (protective activity) they offer, we investigated activities of natural cytokinins against salsolinol (SAL)-induced toxicity (a Parkinson's disease model) and glutamate (Glu)-induced death of neuron-like dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. We found that kinetin-3-glucoside, cis-zeatin riboside, and N6-isopentenyladenosine were active in the SAL-induced PD model. In addition, trans-, cis-zeatin, and kinetin along with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) and the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin 1 (NEC-1) significantly reduced cell death rates in the Glu-induced model. Lactate dehydrogenase assays revealed that the cytokinins provided lower neuroprotective activity than DFO and NEC-1. Moreover, they reduced apoptotic caspase-3/7 activities less strongly than DFO. However, the cytokinins had very similar effects to DFO and NEC-1 on superoxide radical production. Overall, they showed protective activity in the SAL-induced model of parkinsonian neuronal cell death and Glu-induced model of oxidative damage mainly by reduction of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.G.); (J.G.); (C.W.D.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.G.); (J.G.); (C.W.D.)
| | - Cosimo Walter D’Acunto
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.G.); (J.G.); (C.W.D.)
| | - Petr Kaňovský
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (G.G.); (J.G.); (C.W.D.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
D’Mello SR, Kindy MC. Overdosing on iron: Elevated iron and degenerative brain disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1444-1473. [PMID: 32878460 PMCID: PMC7553095 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220953065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain degenerative disorders, which include some neurodevelopmental disorders and age-associated diseases, cause debilitating neurological deficits and are generally fatal. A large body of emerging evidence indicates that iron accumulation in neurons within specific regions of the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many of these disorders. Iron homeostasis is a highly complex and incompletely understood process involving a large number of regulatory molecules. Our review provides a description of what is known about how iron is obtained by the body and brain and how defects in the homeostatic processes could contribute to the development of brain diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as four other disorders belonging to a class of inherited conditions referred to as neurodegeneration based on iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. A description of potential therapeutic approaches being tested for each of these different disorders is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pakrashi S, Chakraborty J, Bandyopadhyay J. Neuroprotective Role of Quercetin on Rotenone-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cell Line Through Modulation of Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1962-1973. [PMID: 32488468 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The detrimental impact on the food chain due to the overuse of rotenone is partly responsible for alpha-synuclein (α-syn) mediated neurotoxicity. It is hypothesized that rotenone overdose leads to cytosolic proteopathy resulting in modulation of apoptosis and autophagic pathways. The aim of our study is to explore the neuroprotective role of quercetin, a beneficial polyphenol against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic human SH-SY5Y cell lines. In our study we demonstrated the correlation of rotenone-induced neurotoxicity through elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Moreover, the morphological distortion of cell, condensation of nuclei, externalization of the inner phosphatidylserine, cleavage of caspase 3, and Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) confirmed apoptosis. However, all these lethal effects were ameliorated by treatment of quercetin to the cells. On the other hand rotenone has a strong effect on autophagy which is a regulated degrading and recycling cellular process to remove dysfunctional proteins. Indeed, rotenone-mediated autophagy resulted in the enhancement of autophagosome-bound microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3-II) expression. Furthermore, excess accumulation of acidic vesicles was detected in presence of rotenone. Lysosome associated membrane protein (LAMP-2A) is yet another crucial protein that recruits overexpressed or misfolded proteins into the lumen of lysosome to trigger autophagy. In all cases the impact of rotenone on the cells acquired significant protection through quercetin treatment. In the present work we therefore opine the prospects of quercetin as a therapeutic candidate against neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pakrashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Microbiology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jaya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Haringhata, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rakshit J, Priyam A, Gowrishetty KK, Mishra S, Bandyopadhyay J. Iron chelator Deferoxamine protects human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y from 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis and autophagy dysfunction. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 57:126406. [PMID: 31570251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular iron involves in Fenton's reaction-mediated Hydroxyl radical (OH·) generation by reacting with the neurotoxic agent 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) autoxidation derivative Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Several studies have been conducted so far on the neuroprotective activities of the iron chelator Deferoxamine (DFO) but little or no clear evidence about the underlying cellular mechanism is available. METHODS The present study was conducted on Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in the absence or presence of 6-OHDA or H2O2 and / or DFO. Following incubation, cell viability assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, flow cytometric quantification of apoptotic cells followed by nuclear staining, intracellular tracking of transfected fusion construct of microtubule-associated protein 1B-light chain with Green fluorescent protein - Red fluorescent protein (LC3B-GFP-RFP reporters) and immunocytochemistry of intracellular Cathepsin protein by confocal microscopy, were conducted. In addition, western blotting was carried out to detect expressions of apoptotic and autophagy related proteins. RESULTS This study confirmed the neuroprotective potential of DFO by inhibiting 6-OHDA-mediated cell death and ROS generation. Reduced percentage of apoptotic cells and appearance of altered nuclei architecture followed by a reduced expression of cleaved PARP (Poly-ADP-ribose Polymerase) and cleaved Caspase-3 were observed upon DFO treatment against 6-OHDA, and as well as against H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cell lines. Besides, DFO induced the intracellular autophagolysosome formation (red puncta) rather than autophagosome (yellow puncta) only. Thereafter it was observed that DFO restored the expression of intracellular lysosomal protease Cathepsin and reduced the expression of the LC3-II. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study clearly demonstrated that the anti-Fenton activity of DFO inhibited apoptosis and caused blockade in ALP or autophagy dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cell lines. These outcomes further suggest that DFO provides neuroprotection by inhibiting apoptosis and inducing the progression of Autophagy- lysosomal pathway (ALP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH 12, Haringhata 741249, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayushi Priyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH 12, Haringhata 741249, West Bengal, India
| | - Karthik Kumar Gowrishetty
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH 12, Haringhata 741249, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhanshu Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH 12, Haringhata 741249, West Bengal, India
| | - Jaya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, NH 12, Haringhata 741249, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|