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Jolly YN, Akter S, Kabir MJ, Mamun KM, Abedin MJ, Fahad SM, Rahman A. Heavy Metals Accumulation in Vegetables and Its Consequences on Human Health in the Areas Influenced by Industrial Activities. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3362-3376. [PMID: 37897594 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the environment due to numerous industrial practices has emerged as a major issue globally, particularly in a country like Bangladesh. The present study dispenses information about heavy metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) contamination in some frequently consumed vegetables, namely, ash pumpkin, potato, bitter gourd, buffalo spinach, snake gourd, and pointed gourd grown in an industrially prone location and their repercussion on consumers' health. Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was used as the major analytical tool to detect heavy metal concentrations. Mean concentration and the range of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in vegetables were detected (4.81 ± 2.79, 2.43-10.94), (497.57 ± 258.08, 181.24-886.67), (644.49 ± 298.40, 179.56-998.78), (38.88 ± 14.31, 18.88-60.12), (58.11 ± 12.58, 42.55-84.79), (137.24 ± 48.37, 71.99-208.98), (123.31 ± 63.62, 49.97-256.09), (8.09 ± 2.69, 4.29-14.94), and (4.16 ± 2.95, 1.22-9.98) mg/kg (dry weight basis), respectively. An extreme level of heavy metal contamination in vegetable samples was notified regarding the estimated metal pollution index (MPI) and Nemerow pollution index (P) value, which underpinned the health risk values. The estimated hazard index (HI) value stipulated high risk in all varieties of vegetables regardless of age group and cadmium (Cd) was found as the major contributor. Concerning the carcinogenic risk index (CR) for single elements, the value of Co, Ni, and Cr was approximated far above the USEPA threshold risk limit (CR>1E-04). Moreover, total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for all varieties of vegetables exceeded the safety threshold value for both the age group and children, in particular, were found most vulnerable. The outshot of the present study divulged associated health risks for the population group by the heavy metals via dietary intake of vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin N Jolly
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Shirin Akter
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Jamiul Kabir
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K M Mamun
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Joynal Abedin
- Accelerator Facilities Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Fahad
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Rahman
- Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Acioly TMDS, da Silva MF, Barbosa LA, Iannacone J, Viana DC. Levels of Potentially Toxic and Essential Elements in Water and Estimation of Human Health Risks in a River Located at the Interface of Brazilian Savanna and Amazon Biomes (Tocantins River). TOXICS 2024; 12:444. [PMID: 39058096 PMCID: PMC11280896 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The Tocantins-Araguaia basin is one of South America's largest river systems, across three Brazilian states (Maranhão, Tocantins, and Pará), within the Legal Amazon region. Despite draining extensive Cerrado savanna and rainforest ecosystems, it has suffered significant degradation, notably in the past 40 years. Human activities, including agricultural expansion, deforestation, and the introduction of non-native species, have worsened the environmental damage, which is alarming since many residents and villages along the middle Tocantins River rely on it for water supply, recreation, and fishing. This study assessed the concentration of potentially toxic and essential elements in water samples from four sampling sites distributed along the middle Tocantins River. The monitoring occurred throughout 2023, involving the measurement of parameters both on-site and in the laboratory. Water quality and its health implications were evaluated using the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), the Water Quality Index (WQI), and the health risk assessment index. The levels of aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, and selenium exceeded legal standards. Seasonal fluctuations indicate a complex dynamic influenced by climatic or seasonal factors, with February showing the highest values. Site P1, located in urban areas, exhibited elevated mean concentrations for conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chlorophyll, indicating the need for continuous monitoring. The nitrogen concentrations at P1 raise concerns regarding drinking water quality, which is a concern for the region's residents who use untreated river water. Despite seasonal variations in element concentrations, the overall WAWQI categorized all sections as "Excellent," and the WQI rated as "Good." Human health risk assessments detected no risks, but continuous monitoring and interventions are crucial for sustained water quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Machado da Silva Acioly
- Postgraduate in Animal Science (PPGCA/UEMA), Multi-User Laboratories in Postgraduate Research (LAMP), State University of Maranhão, São Luís 65081-400, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.A.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Marcelo Francisco da Silva
- Center for Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences (CCENT), State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), Imperatriz 65901-480, Brazil;
| | - Letícia Almeida Barbosa
- Postgraduate in Animal Science (PPGCA/UEMA), Multi-User Laboratories in Postgraduate Research (LAMP), State University of Maranhão, São Luís 65081-400, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.A.); (L.A.B.)
| | - José Iannacone
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA), Grupo de Investigacion de Sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15007, Peru;
| | - Diego Carvalho Viana
- Postgraduate in Animal Science (PPGCA/UEMA), Multi-User Laboratories in Postgraduate Research (LAMP), State University of Maranhão, São Luís 65081-400, Brazil; (T.M.d.S.A.); (L.A.B.)
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Center for Advanced Morphophysiological Studies (NEMO), State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), Imperatriz 65900-000, Brazil
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Várady M, Boržíková J, Popelka P. Effect of processing method (natural, washed, honey, fermentation, maceration) on the availability of heavy metals in specialty coffee. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25563. [PMID: 38327481 PMCID: PMC10848008 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various methods of processing, such as natural, washed, honey, anaerobic fermentation, and carbonic maceration, on the contents of heavy metals in green and roasted specialty coffees from various countries of origin (Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Peru). The heavy metals aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) were identified by a multi-element technique using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mercury (Hg) content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The processing method affected the contents of Hg, Al, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb in the green and roasted coffees (p < 0.001). Hg content varied in the green coffees processed by fermentation methods vs natural or washed methods (i.e. Rwandan and Guatemalan coffees). Cd content was highest in Guatemalan green coffee processed using carbonic maceration (0.062 mg/kg). Pb content differed between the Ethiopian and Rwandan roasted coffees, with the highest content in the washed method (0.252 mg/kg). The correlations between the contents of Cu and Al, Ni and Cr, and Pb and Cr were significant for both the roasted and green beans. In conclusion, the method of processing can affect the contents of heavy metals in green and roasted specialty coffees. Monitoring heavy metals when processing coffee with new methods, even though further processing such as roasting can substantially reduce their content in some cases, is therefore important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Várady
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Boržíková
- State Veterinary and Food Institute Dolný Kubín, Hlinkova 619, 043 65, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Liu Q, Gao X, Liu Z, Gai L, Yue Y, Ma H. Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Lead(II) Based on Waste-Biomass-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots@Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093378. [PMID: 37176266 PMCID: PMC10180021 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) composite was fabricated to detect lead(II). The CQDs (2.47 ± 0.52 nm) were synthesized from platanus acerifoli leaves by carbonization and the hydrothermal method. Under the optimal conditions, the fabricated electrochemical sensor had excellent performance in detecting Pb2+. The linear range for Pb2+ was 1 nM-1 μM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04 nM and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.14 nM. Moreover, when the solution contained Pb2+ and Cd2+, the linear range for Pb2+ was 50 nM to 1 μM and the LOD was 0.02 nM. When the solution contained Pb2+ and Cu2+, the linear range for Pb2+ was 50 nM-750 nM and LOD was 0.07 nM. Furthermore, even if the solution contained Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+, the linear range for Pb2+ was 50 nM-1 μM and the LOD was 0.04 nM. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) results indicated that the composite electrode materials had abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, a large specific surface area and pore structure, which are conducive to the adsorption of heavy metal ions and improve the detection performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Engineering and Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhibao Liu
- Engineering and Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ligang Gai
- Engineering and Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Engineering and Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hongfang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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Quarshie JT, Cofie JK, Dewornu FS, Quaye O, Aikins AR. Risk of Heavy Metal Poisoning From Consuming Grasscutter Digesta in Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2023; 17:11786302231175339. [PMID: 37213353 PMCID: PMC10192787 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231175339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Grasscutter (cane rat/Thryonomys swinderianus) digesta is used as a spice in Ghana. Research shows that heavy metals from the environment may accumulate in the internal organs of grasscutters, which raises concerns about the possible contamination of grasscutter digesta, too, with heavy metals. Although grasscutter meat in Ghana has been described as safe for consumption, information is lacking on the health risks associated with ingesting the digesta. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the knowledge and perceptions of a merchant and a consumer about the safety of ingesting grasscutter digesta and to evaluate potential health risks from exposure to heavy metals from the spice. A total of 12 digesta samples were analyzed to evaluate potential health risks from exposure to Cd, Fe, Hg, and Mn using a Varian AA240FS Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The levels of Cd, Hg, and Mn were below the detection limit of 0.01 mg/kg digesta. Also, the estimated daily intake of Fe (0.02 mg/kg) was less than the maximum allowable dose recommended by the US EPA (0.7 mg/kg). The hazard indices of Fe for daily and weekly consumption were <1, suggesting that the consumers may be safe from iron poisoning. Because grasscutter digesta is a relatively expensive spice, it is unlikely to be consumed daily by the average Ghanaian. Moreover, if 10 g of digesta is consumed daily, it can be safely ingested about 971 times in a month. Domestication of grasscutters may be a useful approach to monitor their diet and consequently the quality of their digesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Tetteh Quarshie
- Department of Biochemistry Cell and
Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana,
Accra, Ghana
| | - Judah Kafui Cofie
- Department of Biochemistry Cell and
Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana,
Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of
Infectious Pathogens, Accra, Ghana
| | - Felix Selasi Dewornu
- Department of Biochemistry Cell and
Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana,
Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of
Infectious Pathogens, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- Department of Biochemistry Cell and
Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana,
Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of
Infectious Pathogens, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anastasia Rosebud Aikins
- Department of Biochemistry Cell and
Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana,
Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of
Infectious Pathogens, Accra, Ghana
- Anastasia Rosebud Aikins, Department of
Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences,
University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Volta Road, Legon, Greater Accra Region
00233, Ghana.
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