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Yang Y, Lyu G, He S, Yang H, Li S. The dimethadione-exposed rat fetus: an animal model for the prenatal ultrasound characterization of ventricular septal defect. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:444. [PMID: 37689647 PMCID: PMC10492414 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most prevalent congenital heart disease (CHD) and is easily misdiagnosed or missed. An appropriate VSD animal model could be used to analyze the ultrasound characteristics and their related pathological bases, and provides the opportunity to further explore the pathogenesis of VSD. Currently, little is known about whether ultrahigh-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is suitable to diagnose VSD of fetal rats. There is no research on whether a dimethadione (DMO)-induced fetal VSD model is suitable for the observation and analysis of imaging characteristics and the associated pathological basis. METHODS We used DMO to induce VSD. UBM was used to perform the prenatal ultrasound characterization. With the pathological results used as the gold standard, the ultrasound characteristics and their related pathological bases were analyzed. RESULTS The incidence of VSD in the DMO group was 42.05% and 39.71% (diagnosed by UBM and pathology, respectively, P > 0.05). The prenatal ultrasound findings and pathological basis of various diseases, including isolated VSD, complex CHD containing VSD, and extracardiac lesions, were detected and discussed. It was discovered that some fetuses showed features of noncompacted ventricular myocardium, and for the first time, clusters of red blood cell traversing the cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS The DMO-induced VSD model is a low-cost model with a high success rate and is suitable for the observation and analysis of VSD. UBM is suitable for evaluating VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - GuoRong Lyu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Maternal and Infant Health Service Application Technology, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, China.
| | - Shaozheng He
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Hainan Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Shangqing Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Abstract
Zinc is structurally and functionally essential for more than 300 enzymes and 2000 transcription factors in human body. Intracellular labile zinc is the metabolically effective zinc and tiny changes in its concentrations significantly affect the intracellular signaling and enzymatic responses. Zinc is crucial for the embrionic and fetal development of heart. Therefore, it is shown to be related with a variety of congenital heart defects. It is involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation including endocardial cushion development, which is necessary for atrioventricular septation as well as the morphogenesis of heart valves. In atherosclerosis, monocyte endothelial adhesion, and diapedesis, activation and transformation into macrophages and forming foam cells by the ingestion of oxidized LDL are monocyte related steps which need zinc. Intracellular zinc increases intracellular calcium through a variety of pathways and furthermore, zinc itself can work as a second messenger as calcium. These demonstrate the significance of intracellular zinc in heart failure and arterial hypertension. However, extracellular zinc has an opposite effect by blocking calcium channels, explaining decreased serum zinc levels, contrary to the increased cardiomyocyte and erythrocyte zinc levels in hypertensive subjects. These and other data in the literature demonstrate that zinc has important roles in healthy and diseased cardiovascular system but zinc-cardiovascular system relationship is so complex that, it has not been explained in all means. In this article, we try to review some of the available knowledge about this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Ozyildirim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Institute, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Pressman K, Običan S. Congenital Anomalies in Women with Obesity. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-023-00352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Skrypnik K, Bogdański P, Schmidt M, Suliburska J. The Effect of Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation on Iron Status in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:234-243. [PMID: 30746586 PMCID: PMC6820595 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A range of interactions between gut microbiota and iron (Fe) metabolism is described. Oral probiotics ameliorate host's iron status. However, this has been proven for single-strain probiotic supplements. Dose-dependence of beneficial probiotic supplementation effect on iron turnover remains unexplored. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of oral multispecies probiotic supplementation in two doses on iron status in rats. Thirty rats were randomized into three groups receiving multispecies probiotic supplement at a daily dose of 2.5 × 109 CFU (PA group, n = 10) and 1 × 1010 CFU (PB group, n = 10) or placebo (KK group, n = 10). After 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed for analysis, blood samples, and organs (the liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, femur, testicles, duodenum, and hair) were collected. The total fecal bacteria content was higher in the PB group vs. PA group. Unsaturated iron-binding capacity was higher in the PB group vs. KK group. Serum Fe was lower in both PA and PB vs. KK group. Iron content in the liver was higher in the PB group vs. KK group; in the pancreas, this was higher in the PB group vs. the KK and PA group, and in the duodenum, it was higher in both supplemented groups vs. the KK group. A range of alterations in zinc and copper status and correlations between analyzed parameters were found. Oral multispecies probiotic supplementation exerts dose-independent and beneficial effect on iron bioavailability and duodenal iron absorption in the rat model, induces a dose-independent iron shift from serum and intensifies dose-dependent pancreatic and liver iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skrypnik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego St. 82/84, 60-569, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 48, Poznan, 60-627, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland
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Chen H, Chen X, Hong X, Liu C, Huang H, Wang Q, Chen S, Chen H, Yang K, Sun Q. Maternal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 exaggerates fetal cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by homocysteine in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:877-889. [PMID: 27203204 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to airborne particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) during pregnancy and lactation periods is associated with filial congenital cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of maternal exposure to ambient levels of PM2.5 on filial cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by homocysteine. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, rats were randomized into four groups and were exposed to ambient PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) throughout the pregnancy and lactation periods coupled with the administration of either homocysteine (HCY) or normal saline (NS) daily from gestation days 8-10. Morphological changes in the heart, myocardial apoptosis, expressions of cardiac progenitor transcriptional factors, and levels of cytokines were investigated in the offspring. The apoptosis-like changes in the myocardium were seen in the FA plus HCY-treated group and more obviously in the PM2.5 plus HCY-treated group, which was in accordance with an increased myocardial apoptosis rate in the two groups. PM2.5 exposure resulted in significantly decreased Nkx2-5 protein level and GATA4 and Nkx2-5 mRNA expressions, and significantly increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels. There were significant interactions between PM2.5 exposure and HCY-treatment that PM2.5 exposure reduced Nkx2-5 protein levels and GATA4 and Nkx2-5 mRNA expressions in the HCY-treated groups. These results suggest that maternal exposure to PM2.5 , even at the ambient levels in urban regions in China, exaggerates filial cardiovascular maldevelopment induced by HCY in a murine model, exacerbating structural abnormalities in the filial cardiac tissue, which is possibly associated with oxidative stress and reduced GATA4 and Nkx2-5 transcription factor expressions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 877-889, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Chen
- Central Station of Environmental Monitoring of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinru Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- China International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Environmental Factors on Early Development, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chaobin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huijuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Fuzhou Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Suqing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hanqiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210-1240, USA
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Assessment of the Protective Role of Prenatal Zinc versus Insulin Supplementation on Fetal Cardiac Damage Induced by Maternal Diabetes in Rat Using Caspase-3 and KI67 Immunohistochemical Stains. Cardiol Res Pract 2016; 2016:7469549. [PMID: 26925289 PMCID: PMC4748104 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7469549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) affects early organogenesis. Metabolic disorders of DM are associated with a depleted zinc status. This study evaluated the effect of maternal DM on cardiac development of rat fetuses and protective roles of prenatal zinc versus insulin supplementation. Pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups ((I) control, (II) STZ-induced DM, (III) STZ-induced DM treated with Zn, and (IV) STZ induced DM treated with insulin), all sacrificed on GD 20. Fetal heart weight of diabetic rats showed significant decrease compared to controls (P < 0.05). H&E stained section of controls had normal appearance of the myocardium, compared to diabetics that showed myocardial disarray with characteristic degenerative changes. Sections of zinc treated group showed restored architecture of normal myofibrils with minimal degenerative changes, while those of insulin treated group show partial restoration of the normal architecture of cardiomyocytes with focal improvement of cardiac tissue. Caspase-3 immunostained slides showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in diabetic group. But KI67 immunostained slides revealed negative nuclear immunoreaction in diabetics. We observed that gestational diabetes was associated with increased risk of fetal myocardial damage that might be caused by increased apoptotic level. Treating diabetic pregnant subjects with zinc and insulin was associated with improvement in myocardial integrity.
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Jing M, Rech L, Wu Y, Goltz D, Taylor CG, House JD. Effects of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation on homocysteine levels and related enzyme expression in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:77-82. [PMID: 25467853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methionine synthase (MS) and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) are both zinc (Zn)-dependent methyltransferases and involved in the methylation of homocysteine. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Zn supply on homocysteine levels and expression of the two enzymes in growing rats. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to four dietary groups (n=8/group) for 3 weeks: Zn deficient (ZD; <1mg Zn/kg); Zn control (ZC; 30mg Zn/kg); Zn supplemented (ZS; 300mg Zn/kg); pair fed (PF; 30mg Zn/kg) to the ZD group. Serum and femur Zn concentrations were 83% and 58% lower in ZD, and 49% and 62% higher in ZS compared to ZC (P<0.001), respectively. The ZD rats had lower feed intake (37%), body weight gains (45%), liver (43%) and kidney (31%) weights than those of ZC (P<0.001), but these parameters in ZD were not significantly different from the PF controls. Serum homocysteine concentrations were 65% higher in ZD compared to PF (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in serum folate levels between ZD and PF groups. The mRNA expression of liver and kidney MS was 57% and 38% lower in ZD than PF (P<0.001), respectively. Hepatic and renal BHMT mRNA levels were not altered in ZD compared to controls. The aforementioned measurements were not significantly different between ZS and ZC groups, except Zn levels. These results demonstrated that homocysteine homeostasis appeared to be disturbed by Zn deficiency but not Zn supplementation, and elevated serum homocysteine might be due to reduced expression of MS during Zn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Jing
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Leslie Rech
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Yinghong Wu
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Douglas Goltz
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - James D House
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Ansari R, Mahta A, Mallack E, Luo JJ. Hyperhomocysteinemia and neurologic disorders: a review. J Clin Neurol 2014; 10:281-8. [PMID: 25324876 PMCID: PMC4198708 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.4.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is generated during methionine metabolism. It has a physiologic role in DNA metabolism via methylation, a process governed by the presentation of folate, and vitamins B6 and B12. Physiologic Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake and vitamin status. Elevated plasma levels of Hcy (eHcy) can be caused by deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folate, or a combination thereof. Certain genetic factors also cause eHcy, such as C667T substitution of the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. eHcy has been observed in several medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, minimal cognitive impairment, dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and eclampsia. There is evidence from laboratory and clinical studies that Hcy, and especially eHcy, exerts direct toxic effects on both the vascular and nervous systems. This article provides a review of the current literature on the possible roles of eHcy relevant to various neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ansari
- Department of Neurology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Mahta
- Department of Neurology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Mallack
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Jun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Suppression of Placental Metallothionein 1 and Zinc Transporter 1 mRNA Expressions Contributes to Fetal Heart Malformations Caused by Maternal Zinc Deficiency. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:329-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pakfetrat M, Shahroodi JR, Zolgadr AA, Larie HA, Nikoo MH, Malekmakan L. Effects of zinc supplement on plasma homocysteine level in end-stage renal disease patients: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:11-5. [PMID: 23475369 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased homocysteine (hCys) level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of zinc (Zn) supplement on serum hCys level in ESRD patients. One hundred ESRD patients with Zn deficiency were enrolled in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. They were randomly subdivided into two groups and supplemented with Zn (Zn group) or placebo (control group) for 6 weeks. Fasting plasma hCys and Zn levels were measured before and at 43rd days after the start of the study. Serum Zn levels increased significantly (p < 0.0001), in Zn-treated group in comparison to placebo-treated group. In the Zn-treated group, serum hCys levels reduced significantly (p < 0.0001), compared to placebo group (p > 0.05). There was a significant (p < 0.0001) reduction of mean percentage of hCys in Zn-treated group compared to the placebo group. Our study showed that Zn supplementation decreases serum hCys levels in ESRD patients with Zn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pakfetrat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Urushidate S, Matsuzaka M, Okubo N, Iwasaki H, Hasebe T, Tsuya R, Iwane K, Inoue R, Yamai K, Danjo K, Takahashi I, Umeda T, Ando S, Itai K, Nakaji S. Association between concentration of trace elements in serum and bronchial asthma among Japanese general population. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2010; 24:236-42. [PMID: 20832272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A number of previous studies had revealed the association between trace elements in serum and bronchial asthma. However, only a few researches had focused on serum concentration of trace elements in a general population. In this study, an association between trace elements in serum and bronchial asthma was investigated in a general population. METHODS Subjects were 1025 volunteers (385 males and 640 females between ages 19 and 82 years old) who had participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2005. Bronchial asthma was diagnosed based on the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II according to the self-questionnaires on health conditions of subjects. The serum concentrations of certain trace elements (manganese, copper, zinc, selenium and iron) were measured and compared. Also, an association between serum trace elements level and neutrophil-related functions (oxidative burst activity, phagocytic activity, serum opsonic activity) were determined. RESULTS In males, no significant differences were seen in any serum trace elements concentrations. In females, serum zinc level was significantly higher in bronchial asthma group than in control. A positive correlation was seen between serum concentration of zinc and serum opsonic activity in both genders. CONCLUSIONS In female asthmatics, increase of oxidative stress was suggested to be caused by superoxide dismutase pathway (elimination system of reactive oxygen species) rather than serum opsonic activity (production system of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils) pathway, as the zinc concentration in bronchial asthma group was higher than that in control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Urushidate
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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