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Pal R, Dutta S. Association Study of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 + 29 T/C exon 1 Polymorphism in Breast Cancer Patients from North Indian Population. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:3671-3680. [PMID: 36951937 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGFB1 cytokine is involved in normal mammary epithelial development as well as in breast tumorigenesis. It has role in both breast tumor suppression and progression. TGFB1 gene has several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) many of which modulate the activity of TGFB1. Our aim in this study was to analyze TGFB1 + 29 polymorphism in breast cancer individuals from North Indian population. METHODS TGFB1 + 29 T/C polymorphism was analyzed using Sanger sequencing in 285 breast cancer patients and age matched 363 healthy controls from North Indian population. Next, transcript expression of 13 apoptotic genes, TRAIL, DR4, DR5, DcR1, DcR2, Bcl2, cytochrome c, Casp8L, Casp8, FlipS, FlipL, Casp3s and Casp3 were carried out in 77 breast tumor tissues obtained from 77 individuals. RESULTS TGFB1 + 29 CC genotype provided protection against the development of breast cancer (P = 0.012). This was mainly attributable to higher age group (> 45 years) women (P = 0.016). Individuals having CC protector genotype showed significantly higher expression of TGFB1 transcript compared to the TT and TC risk genotypes (P = 0.044). Furthermore, we observed that TGFB1 + 29 CC genotype showed increased TRAIL mediated apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway in breast tumor patients with age greater than 45 years (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION TGFB1 + 29 homozygous mutant CC genotype is related to protection against breast cancer in North Indian women population greater than 45 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
- Department of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Sister Nivedita University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Dawoody Nejad L, Biglari A, Annese T, Ribatti D. Recombinant fibromodulin and decorin effects on NF-κB and TGFβ1 in the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4475-4480. [PMID: 28599447 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) stimulates cell proliferation and metastasis, and inhibits apoptosis in breast cancer. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is deregulated in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of the two small leucine rich proteoglycans fibromodulin (Fmod) and decorin (Dcn), overexpressed using adenovirus gene transfer, on NF-κB-activity and TGF-β1-expression in the highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cell line. The results demonstrate that Fmod and Dcn overexpression is associated with NF-κB and TGF-β1 downregulation, and that Fmod promotes this effect more effectively compared with Dcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Dawoody Nejad
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45154 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- Department of Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45154 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy.,National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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Nonneuronal Cholinergic System in Breast Tumors and Dendritic Cells: Does It Improve or Worsen the Response to Tumor? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/486545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Besides being the main neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system, acetylcholine (ACh) can act as a signaling molecule in nonneuronal tissues. For this reason, ACh and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade it (choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase) as well as muscarinic (mAChRs) and nicotinic receptors conform the non-neuronal cholinergic system (nNCS). It has been reported that nNCS regulates basal cellular functions including survival, proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Moreover, nNCS is broadly expressed in tumors and in different components of the immune system. In this review, we summarize the role of nNCS in tumors and in different immune cell types focusing on the expression and function of mAChRs in breast tumors and dendritic cells (DCs) and discussing the role of DCs in breast cancer.
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Arcaro KF, Browne EP, Qin W, Zhang K, Anderton DL, Sauter ER. Differential expression of cancer-related proteins in paired breast milk samples from women with breast cancer. J Hum Lact 2012; 28:543-6. [PMID: 22914689 DOI: 10.1177/0890334412453205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer risk increases during pregnancy and remains elevated for a number of years thereafter. Cancer-associated proteins that are secreted into breast milk may provide a means to detect cancer in the lactating breast or to assess future breast cancer risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether proteins linked to breast cancer would be differentially expressed in matched (both breasts from each participant) human milk samples collected from women with unilateral breast cancer. METHODS Five cancer-associated proteins (basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], YKL-40, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and transforming growth factor β1 and β2) were analyzed in milk provided by 5 lactating women, 4 of whom were known to have cancer in 1 breast (and the opposite breast clinically disease free) at the time of milk collection and 1 who developed breast cancer 2 years after milk collection. RESULTS Expression was significantly higher for TGFβ2 (P = .03) and bFGF (P =.03) in the breasts with cancer. CONCLUSION These proteins may play a role in assessing a woman's risk of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Because of variable protein concentration among patients and the limited sample size, the results are considered preliminary.
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Vinod C, Jyothy A, Vijay Kumar M, Raghu Raman R, Nallari P, Venkateshwari A. Heterozygosity for TGF β1 -509C/T Polymorphism is associated with risk for breast cancer in South Indian population. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:99-105. [PMID: 23001908 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation growth factor β1 is a multipotent cytokine that mediates the development, differentiation, and neoplasm of the mammary gland. TGF β1 is known to exert both tumor suppressive and progressive effect at different stages of carcinogenesis. Several studies have shown the association of TGF β1 expression with breast cancer markers like estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2/neu. TGF β1 expression is known to be influenced by -509C/T promoter polymorphism. Hence, the present study is aimed to evaluate the possible role of TGF β1 -509C/T promoter polymorphism in breast cancer and its association with ER, PR, and Her2 status based on case-control study in South Indian population from Andhra Pradesh. Our study revealed a significant increase of CT genotype in breast cancer patients compared to controls (CT vs. CC: χ (2) = 6.054, P = 0.014, OR 2.005, 95 % CI 1.182-3.403). However, there was no correlation between TGF β1 -509C/T polymorphism and other factors like age at onset, ER, PR, Her2 status, etc. Further, CT genotype was found to be associated with increased risk in advanced stages of breast cancer (CC vs. CT: OR 2.315, 95 % CI 1.143-4.688) and a border line significance with postmenopausal women (CT vs. CC: χ (2) = 3.128, P = 0.07, OR 2.095, 95 % CI 0.991-4.428).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cingeetham Vinod
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500016, India
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Cernaro V, Lacquaniti A, Donato V, Fazio MR, Buemi A, Buemi M. Fibrosis, regeneration and cancer: what is the link? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:21-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Kees T, Egeblad M. Innate immune cells in breast cancer--from villains to heroes? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:189-203. [PMID: 21789554 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system ensures effective protection against foreign pathogens and plays important roles in tissue remodeling. There are many types of innate immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. Interestingly, these cells accumulate in most solid tumors, including those of the breast. There, they play a tumor-promoting role through secretion of growth and angiogenic factors, as well as immunosuppressive molecules. This is in strong contrast to the tumor-suppressing effects that innate immune cells exert in vitro upon proper activation. Therapeutic approaches have been developed with the aim of achieving similar suppressive activities in vivo. However, multiple factors in the tumor microenvironment, many of which are immunosuppressive, represent a major obstacle to effective treatment. Here, we discuss the potential of combating breast cancer through activation of the innate immune system, including possible strategies to enhance the success of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kees
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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Zu X, Zhang Q, Cao R, Liu J, Zhong J, Wen G, Cao D. Transforming growth factor-β signaling in tumor initiation, progression and therapy in breast cancer: an update. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:73-84. [PMID: 21845401 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous cytokine playing an essential role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and invasion, as well as in cellular microenvironment. In malignant diseases, TGF-β signaling features a growth inhibitory effect at an early stage but aggressive oncogenic activity at the advanced malignant state. Here, we update the current understanding of TGF-β signaling in cancer development and progression with a focus on breast cancer. We also review the current approaches of TGF-β signaling-targeted therapeutics for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Zu
- Clinical Research Institution, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
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Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:14252-7. [PMID: 21844363 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103125108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and no validated serum biomarkers currently exist. Using a recently developed recombinant antibody microarray platform containing 135 antibodies against 65 mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. This unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each patient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. The velocity for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples collected at the primary operation and then 3-6 mo later. A 21-protein signature was identified, using leave-one-out cross-validation together with a backward elimination strategy in a training cohort. This signature was tested and evaluated subsequently in an independent test cohort (prevalidation). The risk of developing distant recurrence after primary operation could be assessed for each patient, using her molecular portraits. The results from this prevalidation study showed that patients could be classified into high- versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.85. This risk assessment was not dependent on the type of adjuvant therapy received by the patients. Even more importantly, we demonstrated that this protein signature provided an added value compared with conventional clinical parameters. Consequently, we present here a candidate serum biomarker signature able to classify patients with primary breast cancer according to their risk of developing distant recurrence, with an accuracy outperforming current procedures.
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Drabsch Y, ten Dijke P. TGF-β signaling in breast cancer cell invasion and bone metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:97-108. [PMID: 21494783 PMCID: PMC3095797 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling to breast cancer has been studied for more than two decades. In an early phase TGF-β may act as a tumour suppressor, while later, when cells have become resistant to its anti-mitogenic effects, the role of TGF-β switches towards malignant conversion and progression. TGF-β stimulates cell invasion and modifies the microenvironment to the advantage of cancer cells. Studies have shown that TGF-β promotes bone and lung metastasis via different mechanisms. The therapeutic strategies to target the TGF-β pathway in breast cancer are becoming increasingly clear. This review will focus on the role TGF-β in breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Drabsch
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Uppsala University, Box 595, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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