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Thévenod F, Lee WK. Cadmium transport by mammalian ATP-binding cassette transporters. Biometals 2024; 37:697-719. [PMID: 38319451 PMCID: PMC11101381 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to toxic metals depend on metal accessibility to intracellular targets, reaching interaction sites, and the intracellular metal concentration, which is mainly determined by uptake pathways, binding/sequestration and efflux pathways. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitous in the human body-usually in epithelia-and are responsible for the transfer of indispensable physiological substrates (e.g. lipids and heme), protection against potentially toxic substances, maintenance of fluid composition, and excretion of metabolic waste products. Derailed regulation and gene variants of ABC transporters culminate in a wide array of pathophysiological disease states, such as oncogenic multidrug resistance or cystic fibrosis. Cadmium (Cd) has no known physiological role in mammalians and poses a health risk due to its release into the environment as a result of industrial activities, and eventually passes into the food chain. Epithelial cells, especially within the liver, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, are particularly susceptible to the multifaceted effects of Cd because of the plethora of uptake pathways available. Pertinent to their broad substrate spectra, ABC transporters represent a major cellular efflux pathway for Cd and Cd complexes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning transport of Cd and its complexes (mainly Cd bound to glutathione) by the ABC transporters ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, MDR1), ABCB6, ABCC1 (multidrug resistance related protein 1, MRP1), ABCC7 (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, CFTR), and ABCG2 (breast cancer related protein, BCRP). Potential detoxification strategies underlying ABC transporter-mediated efflux of Cd and Cd complexes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology & ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453, Witten, Germany
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Pinocytosis as the Biological Mechanism That Protects Pgp Function in Multidrug Resistant Cancer Cells and in Blood–Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12081221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy has shown reasonable success in treating cancer. However, multidrug resistance (MDR), a phenomenon by which cancerous cells become resistant to a broad range of functionally and structurally unrelated chemotherapeutic agents, is a major drawback in the effective use of chemotherapeutic agents in the clinic. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a major cause of MDR in cancer as it actively effluxes a wide range of structurally and chemically unrelated substrates, including chemotherapeutic agents. Interestingly, Pgp is also overexpressed in the endothelial cells of blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricting the entry of 98% small molecule drugs to the brain. The efficacy of Pgp is sensitive to any impairment of the membrane structure. A small increase of 2% in the membrane surface tension, which can be caused by a very low drug concentration, is enough to block the Pgp function. We demonstrate in this work by mathematical equations that the incorporation of drugs does increase the surface tension as expected, and the mechanism of endocytosis dissipates any increase in surface tension by augmenting the internalisation of membrane per unit of time, such that an increase in the surface tension of about 2% can be dissipated within only 4.5 s.
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Carvalho AM, Fernandes E, Gonçalves H, Giner-Casares JJ, Bernstorff S, Nieder JB, Real Oliveira MECD, Lúcio M. Prediction of paclitaxel pharmacokinetic based on in vitro studies: Interaction with membrane models and human serum albumin. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119222. [PMID: 32194209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of paclitaxel (PTX) with models mimicking biological interfaces (lipid membranes and serum albumin, HSA) were investigated to test the hypothesis that the set of in vitro assays proposed can be used to predict some aspects of drug pharmacokinetics (PK). PTX membrane partitioning was studied by derivative spectrophotometry; PTX effect on membrane biophysics was evaluated by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence anisotropy, atomic force microscopy and synchrotron small/wide-angle X-ray scattering; PTX distribution/molecular orientation in membranes was assessed by steady-state/time-resolved fluorescence and computer simulations. PTX binding to HSA was studied by fluorescence quenching, derivative spectrophotometry and dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering. PTX high membrane partitioning is consistent with its efficacy crossing cellular membranes and its off-target distribution. PTX is closely located in the membrane phospholipids headgroups, also interacting with the hydrophobic chains, and causes a major distortion of the alignment of the membrane phospholipids, which, together with its fluidizing effect, justifies some of its cellular toxic effects. PTX binds strongly to HSA, which is consistent with its reduced distribution in target tissues and toxicity by bioaccumulation. In conclusion, the described set of biomimetic models and techniques has the potential for early prediction of PK issues, alerting for the required drug optimizations, potentially minimizing the number of animal tests used in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Carvalho
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Nanophotonics Department, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Juan J Giner-Casares
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14014, Spain.
| | - Sigrid Bernstorff
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Jana B Nieder
- Nanophotonics Department, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
| | - M Elisabete C D Real Oliveira
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; CBMA, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Lee WK, Kolesnick RN. Sphingolipid abnormalities in cancer multidrug resistance: Chicken or egg? Cell Signal 2017; 38:134-145. [PMID: 28687494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype encompasses a myriad of molecular, genetic and cellular alterations resulting from progressive oncogenic transformation and selection. Drug efflux transporters, in particular the MDR P-glycoprotein ABCB1, play an important role in MDR but cannot confer the complete phenotype alone indicating parallel alterations are prerequisite. Sphingolipids are essential constituents of lipid raft domains and directly participate in functionalization of transmembrane proteins, including providing an optimal lipid microenvironment for multidrug transporters, and are also perturbed in cancer. Here we postulate that increased sphingomyelin content, developing early in some cancers, recruits and functionalizes plasma membrane ABCB1 conferring a state of partial MDR, which is completed by glycosphingolipid disturbance and the appearance of intracellular vesicular ABCB1. In this review, the independent and interdependent roles of sphingolipid alterations and ABCB1 upregulation during the transformation process and resultant conferment of partial and complete MDR phenotypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States; Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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Omran Z, Scaife P, Stewart S, Rauch C. Physical and biological characteristics of multi drug resistance (MDR): An integral approach considering pH and drug resistance in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Shen W, Liang B, Yin J, Li X, Cheng J. Noscapine Increases the Sensitivity of Drug-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Line SKOV3/DDP to Cisplatin by Regulating Cell Cycle and Activating Apoptotic Pathways. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 72:203-13. [PMID: 25510462 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapy drug against ovarian cancer. However, its strong toxic side effects and the development of cisplatin resistance in human cancer cells seriously influence the effects of chemotherapy and quality of life in patients. Noscapine (Nos), a non-toxic benzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from opium, has been recently reported to have anti-cancer activity, but the mechanism of that effect has not been clearly established. In the present study, we investigated cytotoxicity of Nos in combination with cisplatin (DDP) in drug-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP in vitro and in vivo null mice xenograft model. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay, flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and apoptosis, protein expression of several apoptotic factors was investigated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical method, and their mRNA expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. In vitro experiments showed that Nos significantly inhibited proliferation of SKOV3/DDP cells. DDP/Nos-combined treatment notably enhanced DDP-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and increased the pro-apoptotic effect of DDP in SKOV3/DDP cells. DDP/Nos administration increased the proportion of G2/M cells, reduced both protein and mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic factors XIAP, surviving and NF-kB, and augmented protein and mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic caspase-3. In vivo experiments revealed that Nos/DDP treatment increased the apoptotic rate of xenograft tumors in null mice. Tumor volume decreased from 1.733 ± 0.155 g in mice treated with DDP alone to 1.191 ± 0.106 g in animals treated with Nos/DDP. These observations suggest that Nos increases the anti-cancer activity of DDP against the drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/DDP by modulating the cell cycle and activating apoptotic pathways. The study provides a new chemotherapy strategy for the treatment of DDP-resistant human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Bingfeng Liang
- Department of Nursing, Hebei Women Vocational Technology College, 16 Huiwen Street, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xiurong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jianxin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
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Yamaguchi A, Nakashima R, Sakurai K. Structural basis of RND-type multidrug exporters. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:327. [PMID: 25941524 PMCID: PMC4403515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial multidrug exporters are intrinsic membrane transporters that act as cellular self-defense mechanism. The most notable characteristics of multidrug exporters is that they export a wide range of drugs and toxic compounds. The overexpression of these exporters causes multidrug resistance. Multidrug-resistant pathogens have become a serious problem in modern chemotherapy. Over the past decade, investigations into the structure of bacterial multidrug exporters have revealed the multidrug recognition and export mechanisms. In this review, we primarily discuss RND-type multidrug exporters particularly AcrAB-TolC, major drug exporter in Gram-negative bacteria. RND-type drug exporters are tripartite complexes comprising a cell membrane transporter, an outer membrane channel and an adaptor protein. Cell membrane transporters and outer membrane channels are homo-trimers; however, there is no consensus on the number of adaptor proteins in these tripartite complexes. The three monomers of a cell membrane transporter have varying conformations (access, binding, and extrusion) during transport. Drugs are exported following an ordered conformational change in these three monomers, through a functional rotation mechanism coupled with the proton relay cycle in ion pairs, which is driven by proton translocation. Multidrug recognition is based on a multisite drug-binding mechanism, in which two voluminous multidrug-binding pockets in cell membrane exporters recognize a wide range of substrates as a result of permutations at numerous binding sites that are specific for the partial structures of substrate molecules. The voluminous multidrug-binding pocket may have numerous binding sites even for a single substrate, suggesting that substrates may move between binding sites during transport, an idea named as multisite-drug-oscillation hypothesis. This hypothesis is consistent with the apparently broad substrate specificity of cell membrane exporters and their highly efficient ejection of drugs from the cell. Substrates are transported through dual multidrug-binding pockets via the peristaltic motion of the substrate translocation channel. Although there are no clinically available inhibitors of bacterial multidrug exporters, efforts to develop inhibitors based on structural information are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Membrane Structural Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakashima
- Laboratory of Cell Membrane Structural Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sakurai
- Laboratory of Cell Membrane Structural Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University Ibaraki, Japan
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Importance of the difference in surface pressures of the cell membrane in doxorubicin resistant cells that do not express Pgp and ABCG2. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 66:499-512. [PMID: 23314884 PMCID: PMC3726932 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) represents the archetypal mechanism of drug resistance. But Pgp alone cannot expel drugs. A small but growing body of works has demonstrated that the membrane biophysical properties are central to Pgp-mediated drug resistance. For example, a change in the membrane surface pressure is expected to support drug–Pgp interaction. An interesting aspect from these models is that under specific conditions, the membrane is predicted to take over Pgp concerning the mechanism of drug resistance especially when the surface pressure is high enough, at which point drugs remain physically blocked at the membrane level. However it remains to be determined experimentally whether the membrane itself could, on its own, affect drug entry into cells that have been selected by a low concentration of drug and that do not express transporters. We demonstrate here that in the case of the drug doxorubicin, alteration of the surface pressure of membrane leaflets drive drug resistance.
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Rauch C, Paine SW, Littlewood P. Can long range mechanical interaction between drugs and membrane proteins define the notion of molecular promiscuity? Application to P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5112-8. [PMID: 23850561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of treatment in over 90% of patients with metastatic cancer is due to acquired MDR. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) remains the archetypal drug membrane transporter expressed in many MDR cancer cells. Albeit the ATPase activity of Pgp is triggered by the presence of drug in the membrane, it is commonly assumed that when two drug molecules meet the same Pgp the protein cannot handle them efficiently due to steric effects and as a result the ATPase activity drops. However it is also possible that drug accumulating in the lipid-phase may affect the membrane in such a way that it imposes the mechanical closure of transporters by opposing the force mediated by ATP consumption. In this context, long range interactions between drug and membrane proteins could exist. METHODS Recent data concerning Pgp structure have allowed us to formalize this hypothesis and we present a physico-mathematical model that is not based on predictive QSAR or other empirical methods applied to experimental data. RESULTS Long range mechanical interactions between Pgp and drugs are predicted to occur at an external concentration of drug ~10-100μM as previously determined experimentally at which concentration ~50% of transporters should be rendered inactive. CONCLUSION Distance interaction(s) between Pgp and drugs exist explaining an ill-defined effect concerning the ability of any drug to inhibit Pgp once a threshold concentration in the membrane has been reached. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Potential application of the theory in the field of pharmacology concentrating on the notion of molecular promiscuity and toxicity in drug discovery prediction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Rauch
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.
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