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Pleurotus pulmonarius: a protease-producing white rot fungus in lignocellulosic residues. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 26:43-50. [PMID: 35939153 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of proteases by white rot fungi, such as those of the genus Pleurotus, is related to the degradation of wood proteins, the substrate on which these fungi grow in the environment. From the point of view of production, they are still little explored for this purpose. A selection of agro-industrial residues highlighted corn bagasse as the best substrate for solid-state protease production using the basidiomycete Pleurotus pulmonarius. The enzyme production was maximized through a factorial design, where the enzyme activity increased from 137.8 ± 1.9 to 234.1 ± 2.7 U/mL. Factors such as temperature stability, pH, and chemical reagents were evaluated. The optimum temperature was 45 °C, showing low thermal stability at higher temperatures. The enzyme inhibition occurred by Mn2+ (50.3%) and Ba2+ (76.4%); SDS strongly inhibited the activity (82.4%), while pepstatin A partially inhibited (56%), suggesting an aspartic protease character. Regarding pH, the highest protease activity was obtained at pH 5.5. Partial characterization resulted in apparent values of the KM and Vmax constants of 0.61 mg/mL and 1.79 mM/min, respectively.
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Biochemical characterization and biological properties of mycelium extracts from Lepista sordida GMA-05 and Trametes hirsuta GMA-01: new mushroom strains isolated in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:349-358. [PMID: 35076897 PMCID: PMC8882744 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, determine and quantify the phenolic compounds and other compounds, and evaluate the cellular cytotoxicity of mycelium extracts of two new Basidiomycete mushrooms strains isolated in Brazil and identified as Lepista sordida GMA-05 and Trametes hirsuta GMA-01. Higher amounts of proteins, free amino acids, total and reducing carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds as chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic, and gallic acids were found in extracts of T. hirsuta and L. sordida. Protocatechuic acid was found only in aqueous extracts of L. sordida. The TLC of the extracts showed the predominance of glucose and smaller amounts of xylose. It was observed through UPLC-MS higher amounts of phenolic compounds. The aqueous extract from T. hirsuta had the most noteworthy results in the antioxidant assays, especially the ABTS test. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using two different cell lineages and showed higher toxicity for L. sordida in macrophages J774-A1. However, in Vero cells, it was 12.6-fold less toxic when compared to T. hirsuta. Thus, both mushrooms show potential as functional foods or additives, presenting phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and low cytotoxic activity in the tested cells.
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Contato AG, de Oliveira TB, Aranha GM, de Freitas EN, Vici AC, Nogueira KMV, de Lucas RC, Scarcella ASDA, Buckeridge MS, Silva RN, Polizeli MDLTDM. Prospection of Fungal Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Produced from Jatoba ( Hymenaea courbaril) and Tamarind ( Tamarindus indica) Seeds: Scaling for Bioreactor and Saccharification Profile of Sugarcane Bagasse. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030533. [PMID: 33807631 PMCID: PMC8000596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lignocellulosic biomass comprises three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Degradation and conversion of these three components are attractive to biotechnology. This study aimed to prospect fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes with potential industrial applications, produced through a temporal analysis using Hymenaea courbaril and Tamarindus indica seeds as carbon sources. α-L-arabinofuranosidase, acetyl xylan esterase, endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase, β-D-galactosidase, β-D-glucosidase, β-glucanase, β-D-xylosidase, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, lichenase, mannanase, polygalacturonase, endo-1,4-β-xylanase, and xyloglucanase activities were determined. The enzymes were produced for eight filamentous fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Trametes hirsuta, Lasiodiplodia sp., two strains of Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Neocosmospora perseae, Fusarium sp. and Thermothelomyces thermophilus. The best producers concerning enzymatic activity were T. thermophilus and T. longibrachiatum. The optimal conditions for enzyme production were the media supplemented with tamarind seeds, under agitation, for 72 h. This analysis was essential to demonstrate that cultivation conditions, static and under agitation, exert strong influences on the production of several enzymes produced by different fungi. The kind of sugarcane, pretreatment used, microorganisms, and carbon sources proved limiting sugar profile factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Graça Contato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.G.C.); (E.N.d.F.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.C.d.L.); (A.S.d.A.S.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Tássio Brito de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (T.B.d.O.); (G.M.A.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Guilherme Mauro Aranha
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (T.B.d.O.); (G.M.A.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Emanuelle Neiverth de Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.G.C.); (E.N.d.F.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.C.d.L.); (A.S.d.A.S.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (T.B.d.O.); (G.M.A.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Karoline Maria Vieira Nogueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.G.C.); (E.N.d.F.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.C.d.L.); (A.S.d.A.S.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.G.C.); (E.N.d.F.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.C.d.L.); (A.S.d.A.S.); (R.N.S.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (T.B.d.O.); (G.M.A.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Ana Sílvia de Almeida Scarcella
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.G.C.); (E.N.d.F.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.C.d.L.); (A.S.d.A.S.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil;
| | - Roberto Nascimento Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.G.C.); (E.N.d.F.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.C.d.L.); (A.S.d.A.S.); (R.N.S.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.G.C.); (E.N.d.F.); (K.M.V.N.); (R.C.d.L.); (A.S.d.A.S.); (R.N.S.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14050-901, Brazil; (T.B.d.O.); (G.M.A.); (A.C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(16)-3315-4680
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