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Khachigian LM. The MEK-ERK-Egr-1 axis and its regulation in cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107232. [PMID: 37734428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Multiple molecular and cellular processes underpinning the pathogenesis of CVD are regulated by the zinc finger transcription factor and product of an immediate-early gene, early growth response-1 (Egr-1). Egr-1 regulates multiple pro-inflammatory processes that underpin the manifestation of CVD. The activity of Egr-1 itself is influenced by a range of post-translational modifications including sumoylation, ubiquitination and acetylation. Egr-1 also undergoes phosphorylation by protein kinases, such as extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) which is itself phosphorylated by MEK. This article reviews recent progress on the MEK-ERK-Egr-1 cascade, notably regulation in conjunction with factors and agents such as TET2, TRIB2, MIAT, SphK1, cAMP, teneligliptin, cholinergic drugs, red wine and flavonoids, wogonin, febuxostat, docosahexaenoic acid and AT1R blockade. Such insights should provide new opportunity for therapeutic intervention in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Hu H, Cai J, Qi D, Li B, Yu L, Wang C, Bajpai AK, Huang X, Zhang X, Lu L, Liu J, Zheng F. Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Group I Pulmonary Hypertension Based on Machine Learning and Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098050. [PMID: 37175757 PMCID: PMC10178909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of processes and pathways have been reported in the development of Group I pulmonary hypertension (Group I PAH); however, novel biomarkers need to be identified for a better diagnosis and management. We employed a robust rank aggregation (RRA) algorithm to shortlist the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Group I PAH patients and controls. An optimal diagnostic model was obtained by comparing seven machine learning algorithms and was verified in an independent dataset. The functional roles of key DEGs and biomarkers were analyzed using various in silico methods. Finally, the biomarkers and a set of key candidates were experimentally validated using patient samples and a cell line model. A total of 48 key DEGs with preferable diagnostic value were identified. A gradient boosting decision tree algorithm was utilized to build a diagnostic model with three biomarkers, PBRM1, CA1, and TXLNG. An immune-cell infiltration analysis revealed significant differences in the relative abundances of seven immune cells between controls and PAH patients and a correlation with the biomarkers. Experimental validation confirmed the upregulation of the three biomarkers in Group I PAH patients. In conclusion, machine learning and a bioinformatics analysis along with experimental techniques identified PBRM1, CA1, and TXLNG as potential biomarkers for Group I PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Cardial Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Daoxi Qi
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Yu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Akhilesh K Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardial Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Bu Y, Wu H, Deng R, Wang Y. Therapeutic Potential of SphK1 Inhibitors Based on Abnormal Expression of SphK1 in Inflammatory Immune Related-Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733387. [PMID: 34737701 PMCID: PMC8560647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1) a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), so as to maintain the dynamic balance of sphingolipid-rheostat in cells and participate in cell growth and death, proliferation and migration, vasoconstriction and remodeling, inflammation and metabolism. The normal expression of SphK1 maintains the balance of physiological and pathological states, which is reflected in the regulation of inflammatory factor secretion, immune response in traditional immune cells and non-traditional immune cells, and complex signal transduction. However, abnormal SphK1 expression and activity are found in various inflammatory and immune related-diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In view of the therapeutic potential of regulating SphK1 and its signal, the current research is aimed at SphK1 inhibitors, such as SphK1 selective inhibitors and dual SphK1/2 inhibitor, and other compounds with inhibitory potency. This review explores the regulatory role of over-expressed SphK1 in inflammatory and immune related-diseases, and investigate the latest progress of SphK1 inhibitors and the improvement of disease or pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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