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Ciani L, Libonati A, Dri M, Pomella S, Campanella V, Barillari G. About a Possible Impact of Endodontic Infections by Fusobacterium nucleatum or Porphyromonas gingivalis on Oral Carcinogenesis: A Literature Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5083. [PMID: 38791123 PMCID: PMC11121237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is linked to the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an epidemiologically frequent and clinically aggressive malignancy. In this context, Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum and Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis, two bacteria that cause periodontitis, are found in OSCC tissues as well as in oral premalignant lesions, where they exert pro-tumorigenic activities. Since the two bacteria are present also in endodontic diseases, playing a role in their pathogenesis, here we analyze the literature searching for information on the impact that endodontic infection by P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum could have on cellular and molecular events involved in oral carcinogenesis. Results from the reviewed papers indicate that infection by P. gingivalis and/or F. nucleatum triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in dental pulp cells or periodontal cells, affecting the survival, proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of OSCC cells. In addition, the two bacteria and the cytokines they induce halt the differentiation and stimulate the proliferation and invasion of stem cells populating the dental pulp or the periodontium. Although most of the literature confutes the possibility that bacteria-induced endodontic inflammatory diseases could impact on oral carcinogenesis, the papers we have analyzed and discussed herein recommend further investigations on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ciani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonio Libonati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Catholic University of Our Lady of Good Counsel of Tirane, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Campanella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
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Pereira J, Melo S, Ferreira RM, Carneiro P, Yang V, Maia AF, Carvalho J, Figueiredo C, Machado JC, Morais-de-Sá E, Seruca R, Figueiredo J. E-cadherin variants associated with oral facial clefts trigger aberrant cell motility in a REG1A-dependent manner. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:152. [PMID: 38414029 PMCID: PMC10898076 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations of E-cadherin contribute to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) and congenital malformations, such as oral facial clefts (OFC). However, the molecular mechanisms through which E-cadherin loss-of-function triggers distinct clinical outcomes remain unknown. We postulate that E-cadherin-mediated disorders result from abnormal interactions with the extracellular matrix and consequent aberrant intracellular signalling, affecting the coordination of cell migration. METHODS Herein, we developed in vivo and in vitro models of E-cadherin mutants associated with either OFC or HDGC. Using a Drosophila approach, we addressed the impact of the different variants in cell morphology and migration ability. By combining gap closure migration assays and time-lapse microscopy, we further investigated the migration pattern of cells expressing OFC or HDGC variants. The adhesion profile of the variants was evaluated using high-throughput ECM arrays, whereas RNA sequencing technology was explored for identification of genes involved in aberrant cell motility. RESULTS We have demonstrated that cells expressing OFC variants exhibit an excessive motility performance and irregular leading edges, which prevent the coordinated movement of the epithelial monolayer. Importantly, we found that OFC variants promote cell adhesion to a wider variety of extracellular matrices than HDGC variants, suggesting higher plasticity in response to different microenvironments. We unveiled a distinct transcriptomic profile in the OFC setting and pinpointed REG1A as a putative regulator of this outcome. Consistent with this, specific RNAi-mediated inhibition of REG1A shifted the migration pattern of OFC expressing cells, leading to slower wound closure with coordinated leading edges. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that E-cadherin variants associated with OFC activate aberrant signalling pathways that support dynamic rearrangements of cells towards improved adaptability to the microenvironment. This proficiency results in abnormal tissue shaping and movement, possibly underlying the development of orofacial malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Yang
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André F Maia
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Carvalho
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Machado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Imani MM, Shalchi M, Ahmadabadi G, Sadeghi M. Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in human cases with orofacial clefts: A systematic review. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100781. [PMID: 37301105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The interaction between several cell populations or many genes and the coordination of multiple signal transmission pathways can lead to defects such as orofacial clefts (OFCs). Herein, a systematic review was designed to evaluate a group of important biomarkers (matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs] and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMPs]) in human cases with OFCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched until March 10, 2023, without any restriction. STRING, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network software, was applied to investigate the functional interactions among the examined genes. The effect sizes including odds ratio (OR) dealing with a 95% confidence interval (CI), were extracted by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 (CMA 2.0) software. RESULTS Thirty-one articles were entered into the systematic review that four articles were analyzed in the meta-analysis. Single studies reported that several polymorphisms of MMPs (rs243865, rs9923304, rs17576, rs6094237, rs7119194, and rs7188573); and TIMPs (rs8179096, rs7502916, rs4789936, rs6501266, rs7211674, rs7212662, and rs242082) had an association with OFC risk. There was no significant difference for MMP-3 rs3025058 polymorphism in allelic (OR: 0.832; P=0.490), dominant (OR: 1.177; P=0.873), and recessive (OR: 0.363; P=0.433) models and MMP-9 rs17576 polymorphism in an allelic model (OR: 0.885; P=0.107) between the OFC cases and the controls. Based on immunohistochemistry reports, three MMPs (MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9) and TIMP-2 had significant correlations with several other biomarkers in OFC cases. CONCLUSIONS MMPs and TIMPs can impact the tissue and cells affected by OFCs and the process of apoptosis. The interaction between some biomarkers with MMPs and TIMPs (e.g., TGFb1) in OFCs can be interesting for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moslem Imani
- Department of Orthodontics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Majid Shalchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Carvalho S, Santos JI, Moreira L, Gonçalves M, David H, Matos L, Encarnação M, Alves S, Coutinho MF. Neurological Disease Modeling Using Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells: A Key Step towards Understanding and Treating Mucopolysaccharidoses. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041234. [PMID: 37189853 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the links between the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the clinical features seen in patients suffering from various forms of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) have yet to be further elucidated. This is particularly true for the neuropathology of these disorders; the neurological symptoms are currently incurable, even in the cases where a disease-specific therapeutic approach does exist. One of the best ways to get insights on the molecular mechanisms driving that pathogenesis is the analysis of patient-derived cells. Yet, not every patient-derived cell recapitulates relevant disease features. For the neuronopathic forms of MPSs, for example, this is particularly evident because of the obvious inability to access live neurons. This scenario changed significantly with the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies. From then on, a series of differentiation protocols to generate neurons from iPSC was developed and extensively used for disease modeling. Currently, human iPSC and iPSC-derived cell models have been generated for several MPSs and numerous lessons were learnt from their analysis. Here we review most of those studies, not only listing the currently available MPS iPSC lines and their derived models, but also summarizing how they were generated and the major information different groups have gathered from their analyses. Finally, and taking into account that iPSC generation is a laborious/expensive protocol that holds significant limitations, we also hypothesize on a tempting alternative to establish MPS patient-derived neuronal cells in a much more expedite way, by taking advantage of the existence of a population of multipotent stem cells in human dental pulp to establish mixed neuronal and glial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de SantaComba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Inês Santos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gonçalves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hugo David
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Matos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Encarnação
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ochoa S, Hernández-Lemus E. Functional impact of multi-omic interactions in breast cancer subtypes. Front Genet 2023; 13:1078609. [PMID: 36685900 PMCID: PMC9850112 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1078609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-omic approaches are expected to deliver a broader molecular view of cancer. However, the promised mechanistic explanations have not quite settled yet. Here, we propose a theoretical and computational analysis framework to semi-automatically produce network models of the regulatory constraints influencing a biological function. This way, we identified functions significantly enriched on the analyzed omics and described associated features, for each of the four breast cancer molecular subtypes. For instance, we identified functions sustaining over-representation of invasion-related processes in the basal subtype and DNA modification processes in the normal tissue. We found limited overlap on the omics-associated functions between subtypes; however, a startling feature intersection within subtype functions also emerged. The examples presented highlight new, potentially regulatory features, with sound biological reasons to expect a connection with the functions. Multi-omic regulatory networks thus constitute reliable models of the way omics are connected, demonstrating a capability for systematic generation of mechanistic hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Ochoa
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico,Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico,*Correspondence: Enrique Hernández-Lemus,
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Whole-genome sequencing reveals de-novo mutations associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11743. [PMID: 35817949 PMCID: PMC9273634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority (85%) of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) cases occur sporadically, suggesting a role for de novo mutations (DNMs) in the etiology of nsCL/P. To identify high impact protein-altering DNMs that contribute to the risk of nsCL/P, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses in 130 African case-parent trios (affected probands and unaffected parents). We identified 162 high confidence protein-altering DNMs some of which are based on available evidence, contribute to the risk of nsCL/P. These include novel protein-truncating DNMs in the ACTL6A, ARHGAP10, MINK1, TMEM5 and TTN genes; as well as missense variants in ACAN, DHRS3, DLX6, EPHB2, FKBP10, KMT2D, RECQL4, SEMA3C, SEMA4D, SHH, TP63, and TULP4. Many of these protein-altering DNMs were predicted to be pathogenic. Analysis using mouse transcriptomics data showed that some of these genes are expressed during the development of primary and secondary palate. Gene-set enrichment analysis of the protein-altering DNMs identified palatal development and neural crest migration among the few processes that were significantly enriched. These processes are directly involved in the etiopathogenesis of clefting. The analysis of the coding sequence in the WGS data provides more evidence of the opportunity for novel findings in the African genome.
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Almotawah FN, AlNamasy R, Alhamazani B, Almohsen S, AlNamasy RE. Alveolar Reconstruction Using Stem Cells in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/iobhdehrqo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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El-Sibai M, El Hajj J, Al Haddad M, El Baba N, Al Saneh M, Daoud Khatoun W, Helaers R, Vikkula M, El Atat O, Sabbagh J, Abou Chebel N, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M. Dysregulation of Rho GTPases in orofacial cleft patients-derived primary cells leads to impaired cell migration, a potential cause of cleft/lip palate development. Cells Dev 2021; 165:203656. [PMID: 34024335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cleft lip and/or palate are a split in the lip, the palate or both. This results from the inability of lip buds and palatal shelves to properly migrate and assemble during embryogenesis. By extracting primary cells from a cleft patient, we aimed at offering a better understanding of the signaling mechanisms and interacting molecules involved in the lip and palate formation and fusion. With Rho GTPases being indirectly associated with cleft occurrence, we investigated the role of the latter in both. First, whole exome sequencing was conducted in a patient with cleft lip and palate. Primary fibroblastic cells originating from the upper right gingiva region were extracted and distinct cellular populations from two individuals were obtained: a control with no cleft phenotype and a patient with a cleft lip and palate. The genetic data showed three candidate variables in ARHGEF18, EPDR1, and CUL7. Next, the molecular data showed no significant change in proliferation rates between healthy patient cells and CL/P patient cells. However, CL/P patient cells showed decreased migration, increased adhesion and presented with a more elongated phenotype. Additionally, RhoA activity was upregulated in these cells, whereas Cdc42 activity was downregulated, resulting in loss of polarity. Our results are suggestive of a possible correlation between a dysregulation of Rho GTPases and the observed phenotype of cleft lip and palate patient cells. This insight into the intramolecular aspect of this disorder helps link the genetic defect with the observed phenotype and offers a possible mechanism by which CL/P occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joelle El Hajj
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Maria Al Haddad
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Nada El Baba
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mounir Al Saneh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Wassim Daoud Khatoun
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Raphaël Helaers
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Oula El Atat
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joseph Sabbagh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Naji Abou Chebel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Yu Q, Deng Q, Fu F, Li R, Zhang W, Wan J, Yang X, Wang D, Li F, Wu S, Li J, Li D, Liao C. A novel splicing mutation of ARHGAP29 is associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2499-2506. [PMID: 32698641 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1786523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common birth defects, and occurs in approximately 1/700 live births worldwide. The correlation between the ABCA4-ARHGAP29 region and NSCL/P was first identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but few reports have examined NSCL/P caused by ARHGAP29 mutations in the Chinese population. METHODS We performed chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) for two consecutive abnormal fetuses and whole exome sequencing (WES) for the family, including 3 patients and 2 normal family members, Sanger sequencing and RT-PCR were used to confirm the mutation. RESULTS We identified a novel splice donor mutation (ARHGAP29 c.1920 + 1G > A) in two consecutive NSCL/P fetuses, and the variant was inherited from the mother and grandfather. The mutation caused abnormal skipping of exon 17, and the mRNA level of ARHGAP29 was significantly decreased compared to the wild type. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we successfully diagnosed the genetic cause of NSCL/P in a family and first report that the c.1920 + 1G > A mutation in ARHGAP29 is associated with NSCL/P. Our study enriches the genetic landscape of NSCL/P, extends the mutation spectrum of ARHGAP29, and provides a new direction for the diagnosis of NSCL/P in patients and its prenatal diagnosis in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Yu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fang Fu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Wan
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fucheng Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Wu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Can Liao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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10
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Paiva KBS, Maas CS, dos Santos PM, Granjeiro JM, Letra A. Extracellular Matrix Composition and Remodeling: Current Perspectives on Secondary Palate Formation, Cleft Lip/Palate, and Palatal Reconstruction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:340. [PMID: 31921852 PMCID: PMC6923686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial development comprises a complex process in humans in which failures or disturbances frequently lead to congenital anomalies. Cleft lip with/without palate (CL/P) is a common congenital anomaly that occurs due to variations in craniofacial development genes, and may occur as part of a syndrome, or more commonly in isolated forms (non-syndromic). The etiology of CL/P is multifactorial with genes, environmental factors, and their potential interactions contributing to the condition. Rehabilitation of CL/P patients requires a multidisciplinary team to perform the multiple surgical, dental, and psychological interventions required throughout the patient's life. Despite progress, lip/palatal reconstruction is still a major treatment challenge. Genetic mutations and polymorphisms in several genes, including extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, soluble factors, and enzymes responsible for ECM remodeling (e.g., metalloproteinases), have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of CL/P; hence, these may be considered likely targets for the development of new preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. In this context, investigations are being conducted on new therapeutic approaches based on tissue bioengineering, associating stem cells with biomaterials, signaling molecules, and innovative technologies. In this review, we discuss the role of genes involved in ECM composition and remodeling during secondary palate formation and pathogenesis and genetic etiology of CL/P. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches using bioactive molecules and principles of tissue bioengineering for state-of-the-art CL/P repair and palatal reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiúcia Batista Silva Paiva
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara Soeiro Maas
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Monique dos Santos
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Clinical Research Laboratory in Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Li A, Qin G, Suzuki A, Gajera M, Iwata J, Jia P, Zhao Z. Network-based identification of critical regulators as putative drivers of human cleft lip. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:16. [PMID: 30704473 PMCID: PMC6357351 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft lip (CL) is one of the most common congenital birth defects with complex etiology. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have made significant advances in our understanding of mutations and their related genes with potential involvement in the etiology of CL, it remains unknown how these genes are functionally regulated and interact with each other in lip development. Currently, identifying the disease-causing genes in human CL is urgently needed. So far, the causative CL genes have been largely undiscovered, making it challenging to design experiments to validate the functional influence of the mutations identified from large genomic studies such as CL GWAS. RESULTS Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two important regulators in cellular system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic interactions among TFs, miRNAs and the CL genes curated from the previous studies. We constructed miRNA-TF co-regulatory networks, from which the critical regulators as putative drivers in CL were examined. Based on the constructed networks, we identified ten critical hub genes with prior evidence in CL. Furthermore, the analysis of partitioned regulatory modules highlighted a number of biological processes involved in the pathology of CL, including a novel pathway "Signaling pathway regulating pluripotency of stem cells". Our subnetwork analysis pinpointed two candidate miRNAs, hsa-mir-27b and hsa-mir-497, activating the Wnt pathway that was associated with CL. Our results were supported by an independent gene expression dataset in CL. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first regulatory network analysis of CL genes. Our work presents a global view of the CL regulatory network and a novel approach on investigating critical miRNAs, TFs and genes via combinatory regulatory networks in craniofacial development. The top genes and miRNAs will be important candidates for future experimental validation of their functions in CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St., Suite 820, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guimin Qin
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St., Suite 820, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,School of Software, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, Shaanxi, China
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Mona Gajera
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St., Suite 820, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St., Suite 820, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Chen D, Li X, Lu F, Wang Y, Xiong F, Li Q. Dentin dysplasia type I-A dental disease with genetic heterogeneity. Oral Dis 2018; 25:439-446. [PMID: 29575674 PMCID: PMC7818184 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary dentin disorders include dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and dentin dysplasia (DD), which are autosomal dominant diseases characterized by altered dentin structure such as abnormality in dentin mineralization and the absence of root dentin. Shields classified DGI into three subgroups and DD into two subtypes. Although they are all hereditary dentin diseases, they do not share the same causative genes. To date, the pathogenic genes of DGI type I, which is considered a clinical manifestation of syndrome osteogenesis imperfecta, include COL1A1 and COL1A2. Mutations of the DSPP gene, which encodes the dentin sialophosphoprotein, a major non-collagenous protein, are responsible for three isolated dentinal diseases: DGI-II, DGI-III, and DD-II. However, DD-I appears to be special in that researchers have found three pathogenicity genes-VPS4B, SSUH2, and SMOC2-in three affected families from different countries. It is believed that DD-I is a genetically heterogeneous disease and is distinguished from other types of dentin disorders. This review summarizes the DD-I literature in the context of clinical appearances, radiographic characteristics, and functions of its pathogenic genes and aims to serve clinicians in further understanding and diagnosing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F Lu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Pinheiro CCG, de Pinho MC, Aranha AC, Fregnani E, Bueno DF. Low Power Laser Therapy: A Strategy to Promote the Osteogenic Differentiation of Deciduous Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Cleft Lip and Palate Patients. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:569-575. [PMID: 28699387 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can undergo several types of differentiation, including osteogenic differentiation. One osteogenesis-inducing factor that has been previously described is in vitro low-power laser irradiation of cells. Laser irradiation promotes the acceleration of bone matrix mineralization of the cell strain. However, no consensus exists regarding the dose and treatment time. We used DPSC strains from cleft lip and palate patients because new bone tissue engineering strategies have used DPSCs in preclinical and clinical trials for the rehabilitation of alveolar bone clefts. Optimizing bone tissue engineering techniques for cleft and lip palate patients by applying low-power laser therapy (LPLT) to DPSCs obtained from these patients can help improve current strategies to quickly close large alveolar clefts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LPLT at different energy densities in DPSC strains obtained from cleft lip and palate patients during in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Ten DPSC strains were obtained from cleft lip and palate patients and then used in the following study groups: group 1: control, the strains underwent osteogenic differentiation for 21 days; and groups 2, 3, and 4: the strains were irradiated each day with a low-power red laser (660 nm) (5, 10, and 20 J) during 21 days of osteogenic differentiation. Using Bonferroni's test, a statistically significant difference in the mean values was found between the irradiated groups (2, 3, and 4) and the control group (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference in osteogenic potential was found among the irradiated groups. Our findings showed that the osteogenic potential of DPSCs increases with red laser irradiation at 5, 10, and 20 J, and this treatment could be considered a new approach for preconditioning these cells to be used in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C G Pinheiro
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio Libanês , São Paulo, São Paulo, Bela Vista, Brazil
| | - Milena C de Pinho
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio Libanês , São Paulo, São Paulo, Bela Vista, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecilia Aranha
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio Libanês , São Paulo, São Paulo, Bela Vista, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fregnani
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio Libanês , São Paulo, São Paulo, Bela Vista, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Bueno
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio Libanês , São Paulo, São Paulo, Bela Vista, Brazil
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14
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Sala P, Belarmino G, Torrinhas RS, Machado NM, Fonseca DC, Ravacci GR, Ishida RK, Guarda IFMS, de Moura EG, Sakai P, Santo MA, da Silva IDCG, Pereira CCA, Logullo AF, Heymsfield S, Giannella-Neto D, Waitzberg DL. Gastrointestinal Transcriptomic Response of Metabolic Vitamin B12 Pathways in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2017; 8:e212. [PMID: 28055029 PMCID: PMC5288601 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is highly prevalent and may contribute to postoperative complications. Decreased production of intrinsic factor owing to gastric fundus removal is thought to have a major role, but other components of B12 metabolism may also be affected. We evaluated changes in the expression levels of multiple B12 pathway-encoding genes in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues to evaluate the potential roles in contributing to post-RYGB B12 deficiency. METHODS During double-balloon enteroscopy, serial GI biopsies were collected from 20 obese women (age, 46.9±6.2 years; body mass index, 46.5±5.3 kg/m2) with adult-onset type 2 diabetes (fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl; hemoglobin A1c≥6.5%) before and, at the same site, 3 months after RYGB. Gene expression levels were assessed by the Affymetrix Human GeneChip 1.0 ST microarray. Findings were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Gene expression levels with significant changes (P≤0.05) included: transcobalamin I (TCN1) in remnant (-1.914-fold) and excluded (-1.985-fold) gastric regions; gastric intrinsic factor (GIF) in duodenum (-0.725-fold); and cubilin (CUBN) in duodenum (+0.982-fold), jejunum (+1.311-fold), and ileum (+0.685-fold). Validation by RT-qPCR confirmed (P≤0.05) observed changes for TCN1 in the remnant gastric region (-0.132-fold) and CUBN in jejunum (+2.833-fold). CONCLUSIONS RYGB affects multiple pathway-encoding genes that may be associated with postoperative B12 deficiency. Decreased TCN1 levels seem to be the main contributing factor. Increased CUBN levels suggest an adaptive genetic reprogramming of intestinal tissue aiming to compensate for impaired intestinal B12 delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Sala
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giliane Belarmino
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Torrinhas
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natasha M Machado
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle C Fonseca
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziela R Ravacci
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robson K Ishida
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ismael F M S Guarda
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G de Moura
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sakai
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Santo
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan L Waitzberg
- FMUSP—Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Surgery Discipline, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (LIM 35), São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Linde-Medina M, Hallgrímsson B, Marcucio R. Beyond cell proliferation in avian facial morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:190-6. [PMID: 26637960 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The upper jaw in vertebrates forms from several prominences that arise around the stomodeum or primitive mouth. These prominences undergo coordinated growth and morphogenesis to fuse and form the face. Undirected, regionalized cell proliferation is thought to be the driving force behind the morphogenesis of the facial prominences. However, recent findings suggest that directed cell behaviors in the mesenchyme (e.g., directed cell division, directed cell movement, convergent extension) might be required for successful face formation. Here we discuss the evidence for this view and how directed behaviors may interact with the basement membrane to regulate morphogenesis of the facial region. We believe that future research in these largely unexplored areas could significantly impact our understanding of facial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Linde-Medina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Calgary, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ralph Marcucio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco General Hospital, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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16
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Arias Urueña L, Briceño Balcazar I, Martinez Lozano J, Collins A, Uricoechea Patiño DA. Clinical Aspects associated with Syndromic forms of Orofacial Clefts in a Colombian population. Colomb Med (Cali) 2015; 46:162-7. [PMID: 26848196 PMCID: PMC4732505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present descriptive epidemiology of Orofacial Clefts and to determine the association of syndromic forms with antenatal high-risk conditions, preterm birth, and comorbidities among nested-series of cases. METHODS A study of nested-series of cases was conducted. Frequencies of cleft type, associated congenital anomalies, syndromic, non-syndromic and multiple malformation forms, and distribution of Orofacial Clefts according to sex and affected-side were determined. Odds ratios were calculated as measures of association between syndromic forms and antenatal high-risk conditions, preterm birth and comorbidities. A total of three hundred and eleven patients with Orofacial Clefts were assessed in a 12-month period. RESULTS The most frequent type of Orofacial Clefts was cleft lip and palate, this type of cleft was more frequent in males, whereas cleft palate occurred more often in females. The most common cases occurred as non-syndromic forms. Aarskog-Scott syndrome showed the highest frequency amongst syndromic forms. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, developmental dysplasia of the hip, central nervous diseases and respiratory failure showed significant statistical associations (p <0.05) with syndromic forms. CONCLUSIONS These data provide an epidemiological reference of Orofacial Clefts in Colombia. Novel associations between syndromic forms and clinical variables are determined. In order to investigate causality relationships between these variables further studies must be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Briceño Balcazar
- Medical School. Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Andrew Collins
- Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics. University of Southampton. Southampton, UK
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Suma GN, Arora MP, Lakhanpal M. Stem cell therapy: A novel treatment approach for oral mucosal lesions. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:2-8. [PMID: 25709329 PMCID: PMC4333622 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.149809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have enormous potential to alleviate sufferings of many diseases that currently have no effective therapy. The research in this field is growing at an exponential rate. Stem cells are master cells that have specialized capability for self-renewal, potency and capability to differentiate to many cell types. At present, the adult mesenchymal stem cells are being used in the head and neck region for orofacial regeneration (including enamel, dentin, pulp and alveolar bone) in lieu of their proliferative and regenerative properties, their use in the treatment of oral mucosal lesions is still in budding stages. Moreover, there is scanty literature available regarding role of stem cell therapy in the treatment of commonly seen oral mucosal lesions like oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus, oral ulcers and oral mucositis. The present review will focus on the current knowledge about the role of stem cell therapies in oral mucosal lesions and could facilitate new advancements in this area (articles were obtained from electronic media like PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane and Medline etc., from year 2000 to 2014 to review the role of stem cell therapy in oral mucosal lesions).
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Suma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ITS CDSR, Dental College and Hospital, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Pruthi Arora
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ITS CDSR, Dental College and Hospital, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Lakhanpal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ITS CDSR, Dental College and Hospital, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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19
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Mostowska A, Hozyasz KK, Wójcicki P, Galas-Filipowicz D, Lasota A, Dunin-Wilczyńska I, Lianeri M, Jagodziński PP. Genetic variants in BRIP1 (BACH1) contribute to risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:670-8. [PMID: 25045080 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is very complex and still not well elucidated. Given the critical role of DNA damage repair in the embryonic development, we decided to test the hypothesis that polymorphisms of selected DNA repair genes might contribute to the risk of NSCL/P in the Polish population. METHODS Analysis of 36 polymorphisms in 12 DNA damage repair genes (ATM, BLM, BRCA1, BRIP1, E2F1, MLH1, MRE11A, MSH2, MSH6, NBN, RAD50, and RAD51) was conducted using TaqMan assays in a group of 263 NSCL/P patients and matched control group (n = 526). RESULTS Statistical analysis of genotyping results revealed that nucleotide variants in the BRIP1 (BACH1) gene were associated with the risk of NSCL/P. Under assumption of a dominant model, the calculated odds ratios (ORs) for BRIP1 rs8075370 and rs9897121 were 1.689 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.249-2.282; p = 0.0006) and 1.621 (95% CI, 1.200-2.191; p = 0.0016), respectively. These results were statistically significant even after applying multiple testing correction. Additional evidence for a causative role of BRIP1 in NSCL/P etiology was provided by haplotype analysis. Borderline association with a decreased risk of this anomaly was also observed for BLM rs401549 (ORrecessive = 0.406; 95% CI, 0.223-1.739; p = 0.002) and E2F1 rs2071054 (ORdominant = 0.632; 95% CI, 0.469-0.852; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that polymorphic variants of DNA damage repair genes play a role in the susceptibility to NSCL/P. BRIP1 might be novel candidate gene for this common developmental anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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20
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Syazana MSN, Wan Sulaiman WA, Halim AS, Sarina S. Skin Tissue Surface Morphology and Quality of RNA and Protein Extracted from Fresh and Stabilized Human Cleft Lip and Palate Tissue. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2014.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip palate is a human congenital disorder worldwide and the study of this genetic disease requires molecular genetic analysis. This analysis required the use of nucleic acid and protein, thus good quality and quantity of its extraction is important. We are comparing RNA and protein extractions from tissue biopsy of cleft lip palate in both fresh and stabilized condition. Tissue morphology was also captured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for any morphology differences. Tissue homogenization may destroy nucleic acid stability but not its morphology. Low RNA concentration from stabilized tissue was found. However, there was no crucial issue of protein extraction, degradation or concentration. Tissue morphology was slight different between normal and CL/P tissue.
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Yang J, Zhu W, Chen J, Zhang Q, Wu S. Genome-wide two-marker linkage disequilibrium mapping of quantitative trait loci. BMC Genet 2014; 15:20. [PMID: 24507412 PMCID: PMC4015628 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a natural population, the alleles of multiple tightly linked loci on the same chromosome co-segregate and are passed non-randomly from generation to generation. Capitalizing on this phenomenon, a group of mapping methods, commonly referred to as the linkage disequilibrium-based mapping (LD mapping), have been developed recently for detecting genetic associations. However, most current LD mapping methods mainly employed single-marker analysis, overlooking the rich information contained within adjacent linked loci. RESULTS We extend the single-marker LD mapping to include two linked loci and explicitly incorporate their LD information into genetic mapping models (tmLD). We establish the theoretical foundations for the tmLD mapping method and also provide a thorough examination of its statistical properties. Our simulation studies demonstrate that the tmLD mapping method significantly improves the detection power of association compared to the single-marker based and also haplotype based mapping methods. The practical usage and properties of the tmLD mapping method were further elucidated through the analysis of a large-scale dental caries GWAS data set. It shows that the tmLD mapping method can identify significant SNPs that are missed by the traditional single-marker association analysis and haplotype based mapping method. An R package for our proposed method has been developed and is freely available. CONCLUSIONS The proposed tmLD mapping method is more powerful than single marker mapping generally used in GWAS data analysis. We recommend the usage of this improved method over the traditional single marker association analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Song Wu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
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22
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Griesi-Oliveira K, Sunaga DY, Alvizi L, Vadasz E, Passos-Bueno MR. Stem cells as a good tool to investigate dysregulated biological systems in autism spectrum disorders. Autism Res 2013; 6:354-61. [PMID: 23801657 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is hampered by their genetic heterogeneity; however, the different genetic alterations leading to ASD seem to be implicated in the disturbance of common molecular pathways or biological processes. In this scenario, the search for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ASD patients and controls is a good alternative to identify the molecular etiology of such disorders. Here, we employed genome-wide expression analysis to compare the transcriptome of stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) of idiopathic autistic patients (n = 7) and control samples (n = 6). Nearly half of the 683 identified DEGs are expressed in the brain (P = 0.003), and a significant number of them are involved in mechanisms previously associated with ASD such as protein synthesis, cytoskeleton regulation, cellular adhesion and alternative splicing, which validate the use of SHEDs to disentangle the causes of autism. Autistic patients also presented overexpression of genes regulated by androgen receptor (AR), and AR itself, which in turn interacts with CHD8 (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8), a gene recently shown to be associated with the cause of autism and found to be upregulated in some patients tested here. These data provide a rationale for the mechanisms through which CHD8 leads to these diseases. In summary, our results suggest that ASD share deregulated pathways and revealed that SHEDs represent an alternative cell source to be used in the understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Griesi-Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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23
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Kobayashi GS, Alvizi L, Sunaga DY, Francis-West P, Kuta A, Almada BVP, Ferreira SG, de Andrade-Lima LC, Bueno DF, Raposo-Amaral CE, Menck CF, Passos-Bueno MR. Susceptibility to DNA damage as a molecular mechanism for non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65677. [PMID: 23776525 PMCID: PMC3680497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCL/P) is a complex, frequent congenital malformation, determined by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors during embryonic development. Previous findings have appointed an aetiological overlap between NSCL/P and cancer, and alterations in similar biological pathways may underpin both conditions. Here, using a combination of transcriptomic profiling and functional approaches, we report that NSCL/P dental pulp stem cells exhibit dysregulation of a co-expressed gene network mainly associated with DNA double-strand break repair and cell cycle control (p = 2.88×10(-2)-5.02×10(-9)). This network included important genes for these cellular processes, such as BRCA1, RAD51, and MSH2, which are predicted to be regulated by transcription factor E2F1. Functional assays support these findings, revealing that NSCL/P cells accumulate DNA double-strand breaks upon exposure to H2O2. Furthermore, we show that E2f1, Brca1 and Rad51 are co-expressed in the developing embryonic orofacial primordia, and may act as a molecular hub playing a role in lip and palate morphogenesis. In conclusion, we show for the first time that cellular defences against DNA damage may take part in determining the susceptibility to NSCL/P. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis of aetiological overlap between this malformation and cancer, and suggest a new pathogenic mechanism for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi
- Human Genome Research Center, Institute for Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alvizi
- Human Genome Research Center, Institute for Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Yumi Sunaga
- Human Genome Research Center, Institute for Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philippa Francis-West
- Dental Institute, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kuta
- Dental Institute, Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simone Gomes Ferreira
- Human Genome Research Center, Institute for Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Franco Bueno
- Human Genome Research Center, Institute for Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- SOBRAPAR Institute, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Human Genome Research Center, Institute for Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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24
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Genetics and management of the patient with orofacial cleft. PLASTIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:782821. [PMID: 23213504 PMCID: PMC3503281 DOI: 10.1155/2012/782821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cleft lip or palate (CL/P) is a common facial defect present in 1 : 700 live births and results in substantial burden to patients. There are more than 500 CL/P syndromes described, the causes of which may be single-gene mutations, chromosomopathies, and exposure to teratogens. Part of the most prevalent syndromic CL/P has known etiology. Nonsyndromic CL/P, on the other hand, is a complex disorder, whose etiology is still poorly understood. Recent genome-wide association studies have contributed to the elucidation of the genetic causes, by raising reproducible susceptibility genetic variants; their etiopathogenic roles, however, are difficult to predict, as in the case of the chromosomal region 8q24, the most corroborated locus predisposing to nonsyndromic CL/P. Knowing the genetic causes of CL/P will directly impact the genetic counseling, by estimating precise recurrence risks, and the patient management, since the patient, followup may be partially influenced by their genetic background. This paper focuses on the genetic causes of important syndromic CL/P forms (van der Woude syndrome, 22q11 deletion syndrome, and Robin sequence-associated syndromes) and depicts the recent findings in nonsyndromic CL/P research, addressing issues in the conduct of the geneticist.
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25
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Pellegrino R, Sunaga DY, Guindalini C, Martins RCS, Mazzotti DR, Wei Z, Daye ZJ, Andersen ML, Tufik S. Whole blood genome-wide gene expression profile in males after prolonged wakefulness and sleep recovery. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:1003-12. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00058.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the specific functions of sleep have not been completely elucidated, the literature has suggested that sleep is essential for proper homeostasis. Sleep loss is associated with changes in behavioral, neurochemical, cellular, and metabolic function as well as impaired immune response. Using high-resolution microarrays we evaluated the gene expression profiles of healthy male volunteers who underwent 60 h of prolonged wakefulness (PW) followed by 12 h of sleep recovery (SR). Peripheral whole blood was collected at 8 am in the morning before the initiation of PW (Baseline), after the second night of PW, and one night after SR. We identified over 500 genes that were differentially expressed. Notably, these genes were related to DNA damage and repair and stress response, as well as diverse immune system responses, such as natural killer pathways including killer cell lectin-like receptors family, as well as granzymes and T-cell receptors, which play important roles in host defense. These results support the idea that sleep loss can lead to alterations in molecular processes that result in perturbation of cellular immunity, induction of inflammatory responses, and homeostatic imbalance. Moreover, expression of multiple genes was downregulated following PW and upregulated after SR compared with PW, suggesting an attempt of the body to re-establish internal homeostasis. In silico validation of alterations in the expression of CETN3, DNAJC, and CEACAM genes confirmed previous findings related to the molecular effects of sleep deprivation. Thus, the present findings confirm that the effects of sleep loss are not restricted to the brain and can occur intensely in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Pellegrino
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. Y. Sunaga
- Human Genome Research Center, Biosciences Institute of University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C. Guindalini
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. C. S. Martins
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. R. Mazzotti
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Z. Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey; and
| | - Z. J. Daye
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M. L. Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Giannuzzi G, Siswara P, Malig M, Marques-Bonet T, Mullikin JC, Ventura M, Eichler EE. Evolutionary dynamism of the primate LRRC37 gene family. Genome Res 2012; 23:46-59. [PMID: 23064749 PMCID: PMC3530683 DOI: 10.1101/gr.138842.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Core duplicons in the human genome represent ancestral duplication modules shared by the majority of intrachromosomal duplication blocks within a given chromosome. These cores are associated with the emergence of novel gene families in the hominoid lineage, but their genomic organization and gene characterization among other primates are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the genomic organization and expression of the core duplicon on chromosome 17 that led to the expansion of LRRC37 during primate evolution. A comparison of the LRRC37 gene family organization in human, orangutan, macaque, marmoset, and lemur genomes shows the presence of both orthologous and species-specific gene copies in all primate lineages. Expression profiling in mouse, macaque, and human tissues reveals that the ancestral expression of LRRC37 was restricted to the testis. In the hominid lineage, the pattern of LRRC37 became increasingly ubiquitous, with significantly higher levels of expression in the cerebellum and thymus, and showed a remarkable diversity of alternative splice forms. Transfection studies in HeLa cells indicate that the human FLAG-tagged recombinant LRRC37 protein is secreted after cleavage of a transmembrane precursor and its overexpression can induce filipodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Giannuzzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70126, Italy
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27
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Leslie EJ, Mansilla MA, Biggs LC, Schuette K, Bullard S, Cooper M, Dunnwald M, Lidral AC, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC. Expression and mutation analyses implicate ARHGAP29 as the etiologic gene for the cleft lip with or without cleft palate locus identified by genome-wide association on chromosome 1p22. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:934-42. [PMID: 23008150 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect with complex etiology reflecting the action of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified five novel loci associated with NSCL/P, including a locus on 1p22.1 near the ABCA4 gene. Because neither expression analysis nor mutation screening support a role for ABCA4 in NSCL/P, we investigated the adjacent gene ARHGAP29. METHODS Mutation screening for ARHGAP29 protein coding exons was conducted in 180 individuals with NSCL/P and controls from the United States and the Philippines. Nine exons with variants in ARHGAP29 were then screened in an independent set of 872 cases and 802 controls. Arhgap29 expression was evaluated using in situ hybridization in murine embryos. RESULTS Sequencing of ARHGAP29 revealed eight potentially deleterious variants in cases including a frameshift and a nonsense variant. Arhgap29 showed craniofacial expression and was reduced in a mouse deficient for Irf6, a gene previously shown to have a critical role in craniofacial development. CONCLUSION The combination of genome-wide association, rare coding sequence variants, craniofacial specific expression, and interactions with IRF6 support a role for ARHGAP29 in NSCL/P and as the etiologic gene at the 1p22 genome-wide association study locus for NSCL/P. This work suggests a novel pathway in which the IRF6 gene regulatory network interacts with the Rho pathway via ARHGAP29. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Leslie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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28
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Letra A, Silva RM, Motta LG, Blanton SH, Hecht JT, Granjeirol JM, Vieira AR. Association of MMP3 and TIMP2 promoter polymorphisms with nonsyndromic oral clefts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:540-8. [PMID: 22730240 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral clefts are common congenital anomalies and result from defects during embryogenesis. The complex etiology is evident by the number of genes and signaling pathways involved in craniofacial development. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) are responsible for tissue remodeling during craniofacial development. METHODS In this study, we investigated the association of polymorphisms in 14 biologically relevant MMP and TIMP genes in 494 individuals with oral clefts and 413 control individuals from Brazil. Genotypes were generated using Taqman chemistry. Analyses were performed using PLINK software. RESULTS Polymorphisms in MMP3 (rs522616) and TIMP2 (rs8179096) showed significant association with all cleft types (all clefts, cleft lip/palate, and cleft palate; p ≤ 0.002). An additional family-based dataset (881 case-parent trios) from the United States was used for confirmation of the association findings (p < 0.05). Analysis of gene-gene interaction suggests that MMP3 and TIMP2 may interactively contribute to a cleft phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence that variation in MMP3 may contribute to nonsyndromic oral clefts and further supports the involvement of TIMP2 as a cleft susceptibility gene. Although additional studies are still necessary to unveil the exact mechanism by which MMP3 and TIMP2 would contribute to a cleft phenotype, allelic polymorphisms in these genes and their interactions may partly explain the variance of individual susceptibility to oral clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Letra
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Brito LA, Paranaiba LMR, Bassi CFS, Masotti C, Malcher C, Schlesinger D, Rocha KM, Cruz LA, Bárbara LK, Alonso N, Franco D, Bagordakis E, Martelli H, Meyer D, Coletta RD, Passos-Bueno MR. Region 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for nonsyndromic oral clefting in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:464-8. [PMID: 22511506 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a relatively common craniofacial defect with multifactorial inheritance. The association of the rs987525 single nucleotide variant, located in a gene desert at 8q24.21 region, has been consistently replicated in European populations. We performed a structured association approach combined with transcriptional analysis of the MYC gene to dissect the role of rs987525 in oral clefting susceptibility in the ethnically admixed Brazilian population. METHODS We performed the association study conditioned on the individual ancestry proportions in a sample of 563 patients and 336 controls, and in an independent sample of 221 patients and 261 controls. The correlation between rs987525 genotypes and MYC transcriptional levels in orbicularis oris muscle mesenchymal stem cells was also investigated in 42 patients and 4 controls. RESULTS We found a significant association in the larger sample (p = 0.0016; OR = 1.80 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.21-2.69], for heterozygous genotype, and 2.71 [95% CI, 1.47-4.96] for homozygous genotype). We did not find a significant correlation between rs987525 genotypes and MYC transcriptional levels (p = 0.14; r = -0.22, Spearman Correlation). CONCLUSIONS We present a positive association of rs987525 in the Brazilian population for the first time, and it is likely that the European contribution to our population is driving this association. We also cannot discard a role of rs987515 in MYC regulation, because this locus behaves as an expression quantitative locus of MYC in another tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Abreu Brito
- Human Genome Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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