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MiR-24-3p as a prognostic indicator for multiple cancers: from a meta-analysis view. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226991. [PMID: 33206184 PMCID: PMC7711065 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of researches suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) as oncogene or tumor suppressor genes play a fundamental role in various kinds of cancers. Among them, miR-24-3p, as a star molecule, is widely studied. However, the prognostic value of miR-24-3p is unclear and controversial. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-24-3p in a variety of cancers by integrated existing articles from four databases. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (last update in March 2020) were searched for approach literature. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were used to evaluate the association between miR-24-3p expression levels and prognostic value or clinicopathological characteristics, respectively. A total of 15 studies from 14 literature were finally qualified and concluded in the present meta-analysis. A significantly worse overall survival was observed in higher expression of miR-24-3p cancer group for OS (overall survival) of log-rank tests and Cox multivariate regression by fixed effects model. Also, we found a significant correlation between elevated miR-24-3p levels to RFS (recurrence-free survival) and DFS (disease-free survival). In addition, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) showed that evaluated miR-24-3p was also associated with the larger tumor size (≥5 cm) and advanced TNM stage (III and IV). Built on the above findings, elevated expression levels of miR-24-3p may serve as a promising biomarker used to predict the worse prognosis of cancer patients.
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2
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Rodríguez-Varela MS, Mucci S, Videla-Richardson GA, Isaja L, Sevlever GE, Scassa ME, Romorini L. miR-302 family, miR-145 and miR-296 temporal expression profile along the cell cycle of human pluripotent stem cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 40:119168. [PMID: 33503507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), like embryonic (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), exhibit an unusual cell cycle structure characterized by a short G1 phase and cells being most of time in S phase. hPSCs are receptive to differentiation cues during their transition through G1 phase when lineage determination is decided. Although several MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to target transcripts that directly or indirectly coordinate the cell cycle of pluripotent cells, its temporal expression profile along hPSCs cell cycle remains poorly characterized. miR-145 and miR-296 are induced during differentiation and silence the self-renewal and pluripotency program. miR-302 family is essential for hPSCs stemness and its expression decreases during differentiation. We aimed to study how the aforementioned miRNAs are regulated along the cell cycle of hPSCs. We demonstrated by pharmacological synchronization and block and release experiments that miR-145, miR-296 and miR-302 family are periodically expressed in hPSCs. Importantly, miR-302 family expression is induced at G1/S boundary and remained high at S phase, presumably to impede differentiation onset. Besides, we confirmed by a gene ontology analysis that many validated miR-302 family target genes are involved in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Rodríguez-Varela
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 52.5, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1625XAF, Argentina.
| | - Sofía Mucci
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 52.5, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1625XAF, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Agustín Videla-Richardson
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 52.5, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1625XAF, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Isaja
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 52.5, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1625XAF, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Emilio Sevlever
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 52.5, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1625XAF, Argentina.
| | - María Elida Scassa
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 52.5, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1625XAF, Argentina.
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 52.5, Belén de Escobar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, B1625XAF, Argentina.
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3
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Campbell SA, McDonald CL, Krentz NAJ, Lynn FC, Hoffman BG. TrxG Complex Catalytic and Non-catalytic Activity Play Distinct Roles in Pancreas Progenitor Specification and Differentiation. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1830-1844.e6. [PMID: 31412250 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate regulation of genes that coordinate pancreas progenitor proliferation and differentiation is required for pancreas development. Here, we explore the role of H3K4 methylation and the Trithorax group (TrxG) complexes in mediating gene expression during pancreas development. Disruption of TrxG complex assembly, but not catalytic activity, prevented endocrine cell differentiation in pancreas progenitor spheroids. In vivo loss of TrxG catalytic activity in PDX1+ cells increased apoptosis and the fraction of progenitors in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Pancreas progenitors were reallocated to the acinar lineage, primarily at the expense of NEUROG3+ endocrine progenitors. Later in development, acinar and endocrine cell numbers were decreased, and increased gene expression variance and reduced terminal marker activation in acinar cells led to their incomplete differentiation. These findings demonstrate that TrxG co-activator activity is required for gene induction, whereas TrxG catalytic activity and H3K4 methylation help maintain transcriptional stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Campbell
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada; Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Cassandra L McDonald
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada
| | - Nicole A J Krentz
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada; Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada; Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Brad G Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada; Diabetes Research Group, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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4
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Gonnot F, Langer D, Bourillot PY, Doerflinger N, Savatier P. Regulation of Cyclin E by transcription factors of the naïve pluripotency network in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2697-2712. [PMID: 31462142 PMCID: PMC6773236 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1656475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous, non-cell cycle-dependent expression of cyclin E is a characteristic feature of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We studied the 5′ regulatory region of Cyclin E, also known as Ccne1, and identified binding sites for transcription factors of the naïve pluripotency network, including Esrrb, Klf4, and Tfcp2l1 within 1 kilobase upstream of the transcription start site. Luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChiP–qPCR) study highlighted one binding site for Esrrb that is essential to transcriptional activity of the promoter region, and three binding sites for Klf4 and Tfcp2l1. Knockdown of Esrrb, Klf4, and Tfcp2l1 reduced Cyclin E expression whereas overexpression of Esrrb and Klf4 increased it, indicating a strong correlation between the expression level of these factors and that of cyclin E. We observed that cyclin E overexpression delays differentiation induced by Esrrb depletion, suggesting that cyclin E is an important target of Esrrb for differentiation blockade. We observed that mESCs express a low level of miR-15a and that transfection of a miR-15a mimic decreases Cyclin E mRNA level. These results lead to the conclusion that the high expression level of Cyclin E in mESCs can be attributed to transcriptional activation by Esrrb as well as to the absence of its negative regulator, miR-15a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gonnot
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm , Bron , France
| | - Diana Langer
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm , Bron , France
| | - Pierre-Yves Bourillot
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm , Bron , France
| | - Nathalie Doerflinger
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm , Bron , France
| | - Pierre Savatier
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm , Bron , France
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Rodríguez Varela MS, Mucci S, Videla Richardson GA, Morris Hanon O, Furmento VA, Miriuka SG, Sevlever GE, Scassa ME, Romorini L. Regulation of cyclin E1 expression in human pluripotent stem cells and derived neural progeny. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1721-1744. [PMID: 29995582 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1496740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESCs and hiPSCs) show unique cell cycle characteristics, such as a short doubling time due to an abbreviated G1 phase. Whether or not the core cell cycle machinery directly regulates the stemness and/or the differentiation potential of hPSCs remains to be determined. To date, several scenarios describing the atypical cell cycle of hPSCs have been suggested, and therefore there is still controversy over how cyclins, master regulators of the cell cycle, are expressed and regulated. Furthermore, the cell cycle profile and the expression pattern of major cyclins in hESCs-derived neuroprogenitors (NP) have not been studied yet. Therefore, herein we characterized the expression pattern of major cyclins in hPSCs and NP. We determined that all studied cyclins mRNA expression levels fluctuate along cell cycle. Particularly, after a thorough analysis of synchronized cell populations, we observed that cyclin E1 mRNA levels increased sharply in G1/S concomitantly with cyclin E1 protein accumulation in hPSCs and NP. Additionally, we demonstrated that cyclin E1 mRNA expression levels involves the activation of MEK/ERK pathway and the transcription factors c-Myc and E2Fs in hPSCs. Lastly, our results reveal that proteasome mediates the marked down-regulation (degradation) of cyclin E1 protein observed in G2/M by a mechanism that requires a functional CDK2 but not GSK3β activity. ABBREVIATIONS hPSCs: human pluripotent stem cells; hESCs: human embryonic stem cells; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; NP: neuroprogenitors; HF: human foreskin fibroblasts; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; iMEFs: irradiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts; CDKs: cyclindependent kinases; CKIs: CDK inhibitors; CNS: central nervous system; Oct-4: Octamer-4; EB: embryoid body; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; cTnT: Cardiac Troponin T; MAP-2: microtubule-associated protein; TUJ-1: neuron-specific class III β-tubulin; bFGF: basic fibroblastic growth factor; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; KSR: knock out serum replacement; CM: iMEF conditioned medium; E8: Essential E8 medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Rodríguez Varela
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Sofía Mucci
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Guillermo Agustín Videla Richardson
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Olivia Morris Hanon
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Verónica Alejandra Furmento
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Santiago Gabriel Miriuka
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gustavo Emilio Sevlever
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - María Elida Scassa
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- a Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN-CONICET) , Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI) , Belén de Escobar , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Uric acid: a potent molecular contributor to pluripotent stem cell cardiac differentiation via mesoderm specification. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:826-842. [PMID: 30038385 PMCID: PMC6461775 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of congenital anomaly and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Generation of cardiomyoctyes derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has opened new avenues for investigation of human cardiac development. Here we report that uric acid (UA), a physiologically abundant compound during embryonic development, can consistently and robustly enhance cardiac differentiation of human PSCs including hESCs and hiPSCs, in replacement of ascorbic acid (AA). We optimized treatment conditions and demonstrate that differentiation day 0–2, a period for specification of mesoderm cells, was a critical time for UA effects. This was further confirmed by UA-induced upregulation of mesodermal markers. Furthermore, we show that the developing mesoderm may be by directly promoted by SNAI pathway-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) at 0–24 h and a lengthened G0/G1 phase by increasing the ubiquitination degradation in 24–48 h. These findings demonstrate that UA plays a critical role in mesoderm differentiation, and its level might be a useful indicator for CHD in early fetal ultrasound screening.
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Pashkovskaia N, Gey U, Rödel G. Mitochondrial ROS direct the differentiation of murine pluripotent P19 cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 30:180-191. [PMID: 29957443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ROS are frequently associated with deleterious effects caused by oxidative stress. Despite the harmful effects of non-specific oxidation, ROS also function as signal transduction molecules that regulate various biological processes, including stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that mitochondrial ROS level determines cell fate during differentiation of the pluripotent stem cell line P19. As stem cells in general, P19 cells are characterized by a low respiration activity, accompanied by a low level of ROS formation. Nevertheless, we found that P19 cells contain fully assembled mitochondrial electron transport chain supercomplexes (respirasomes), suggesting that low respiration activity may serve as a protective mechanism against ROS. Upon elevated mitochondrial ROS formation, the proliferative potential of P19 cells is decreased due to longer S phase of the cell cycle. Our data show that besides being harmful, mitochondrial ROS production regulates the differentiation potential of P19 cells: elevated mitochondrial ROS level favours trophoblast differentiation, whereas preventing neuron differentiation. Therefore, our results suggest that mitochondrial ROS level serves as an important factor that directs differentiation towards certain cell types while preventing others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uta Gey
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01217, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rödel
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01217, Germany
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8
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Loss of Brap Results in Premature G1/S Phase Transition and Impeded Neural Progenitor Differentiation. Cell Rep 2017; 20:1148-1160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Gong Z, Wang D, Zhu S, Xia Y, Fan C, Zhao B, Jin Y. miR-290 contributes to the low abundance of cyclin D1 protein in mouse embryonic stem cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:635-642. [PMID: 28510621 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse miR-290 cluster miRNAs are expressed specifically in early embryos and embryonic germ cells. These miRNAs play critical roles in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal. Here, we showed that Cyclin D1 is a direct target gene of miR-290 cluster miRNAs. Negative relationships between the expression of Cyclin D1 protein and miR-290 cluster miRNAs in pluripotent and non-pluripotent cells, as well as in differentiating CGR8 cells were observed. Inhibition of miR-290 cluster miRNAs could arrest cells at the G1 phase and slow down the cell proliferation in CGR8 mouse stem cells. Since miR-290 cluster miRNAs are the most dominant stem-cell-specific miRNAs, our results revealed an important cause for the absence of Cyclin D1 in mouse embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Gong
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Detao Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shaoliang Zhu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuqing Xia
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chunsun Fan
- Department of Etiology, Qidong People's Hospital, Qidong 226200, China
| | - Botao Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Youxin Jin
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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De Jaime-Soguero A, Aulicino F, Ertaylan G, Griego A, Cerrato A, Tallam A, del Sol A, Cosma MP, Lluis F. Wnt/Tcf1 pathway restricts embryonic stem cell cycle through activation of the Ink4/Arf locus. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006682. [PMID: 28346462 PMCID: PMC5386305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms regulating cell cycle, proliferation and potency of pluripotent stem cells guarantees their safe use in the clinic. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) present a fast cell cycle with a short G1 phase. This is due to the lack of expression of cell cycle inhibitors, which ultimately determines naïve pluripotency by holding back differentiation. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls mESC pluripotency via the Wnt-effector Tcf3. However, if the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin controls the cell cycle of mESCs remains unknown. Here we show that the Wnt-effector Tcf1 is recruited to and triggers transcription of the Ink4/Arf tumor suppressor locus. Thereby, the activation of the Wnt pathway, a known mitogenic pathway in somatic tissues, restores G1 phase and drastically reduces proliferation of mESCs without perturbing pluripotency. Tcf1, but not Tcf3, is recruited to a palindromic motif enriched in the promoter of cell cycle repressor genes, such as p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a and p19Arf, which mediate the Wnt-dependent anti-proliferative effect in mESCs. Consistently, ablation of β-catenin or Tcf1 expression impairs Wnt-dependent cell cycle regulation. All together, here we showed that Wnt signaling controls mESC pluripotency and proliferation through non-overlapping functions of distinct Tcf factors. Studying how to safely expand stem cells in culture is essential for regenerative medicine applications. Hence there is a clear need to decode how the cell cycle of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is regulated. Tcf3 and Tcf1 belong to the Tcf family of proteins. Tcf/Lef are effectors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and Tcf3 controls mESC pluripotency. Here we identified a recruitment site for Tcf1 embedded into a number of cell cycle repressor genes such as p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a and p19Arf. Tcf1-mediated activation of these genes drastically slows down proliferation of mESCs. In conclusion, here we showed that the Wnt pathway, besides controlling mESC pluripotency via Tcf3, also regulates mESC cell cycle through the recruitment of Tcf1 to the regulatory sites of key cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchel De Jaime-Soguero
- KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Signalling laboratory, Herestraat 49, Onderwijs en Navorsing 4, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Aulicino
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gokhan Ertaylan
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University. Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Griego
- KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Signalling laboratory, Herestraat 49, Onderwijs en Navorsing 4, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aniello Cerrato
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale "Gaetano Salvatore", CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aravind Tallam
- TWINCORE, Zentrum für Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonio del Sol
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Pia Cosma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Frederic Lluis
- KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Signalling laboratory, Herestraat 49, Onderwijs en Navorsing 4, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: ;
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11
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Arora R, Rumman M, Venugopal N, Gala H, Dhawan J. Mimicking Muscle Stem Cell Quiescence in Culture: Methods for Synchronization in Reversible Arrest. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1556:283-302. [PMID: 28247356 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6771-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the view that in adult stem cells, the defining stem cell features of potency and self-renewal are associated with the quiescent state. Thus, uncovering the molecular logic of this reversibly arrested state underlies not only a fundamental understanding of adult tissue dynamics but also hopes for therapeutic regeneration and rejuvenation of damaged or aging tissue. A key question concerns how adult stem cells use quiescence to establish or reinforce the property of self-renewal. Since self-renewal is largely studied by assays that measure proliferation, the concept of self-renewal programs imposed during non-proliferating conditions is counterintuitive. However, there is increasing evidence generated by deconstructing the quiescent state that highlights how programs characteristic of this particular cell cycle exit may enhance stem cell capabilities, through both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic programs.Toward this end, culture models that recapitulate key aspects of stem cell quiescence are useful for molecular analysis to explore attributes and regulation of the quiescent state. In this chapter, we review the different methods used to generate homogeneous populations of quiescent muscle cells, largely by manipulating culture conditions that feed into core signaling programs that regulate the cell cycle. We also provide detailed protocols developed or refined in our lab over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reety Arora
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohammed Rumman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Nisha Venugopal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hardik Gala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
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Abdelalim EM, Emara MM. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic β Cells: From In Vitro Maturation to Clinical Application. RECENT ADVANCES IN STEM CELLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33270-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Movahednia MM, Kidwai FK, Zou Y, Tong HJ, Liu X, Islam I, Toh WS, Raghunath M, Cao T. Differential Effects of the Extracellular Microenvironment on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation into Keratinocytes and Their Subsequent Replicative Life Span. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1432-43. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad Karim Kidwai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Zou
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Jinn Tong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Raghunath
- National University of Singapore Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Gaspar D, Spanoudes K, Holladay C, Pandit A, Zeugolis D. Progress in cell-based therapies for tendon repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:240-56. [PMID: 25543005 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen significant developments in cell therapies, based on permanently differentiated, reprogrammed or engineered stem cells, for tendon injuries and degenerative conditions. In vitro studies assess the influence of biophysical, biochemical and biological signals on tenogenic phenotype maintenance and/or differentiation towards tenogenic lineage. However, the ideal culture environment has yet to be identified due to the lack of standardised experimental setup and readout system. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and tenocytes/dermal fibroblasts appear to be the cell populations of choice for clinical translation in equine and human patients respectively based on circumstantial, rather than on hard evidence. Collaborative, inter- and multi-disciplinary efforts are expected to provide clinically relevant and commercially viable cell-based therapies for tendon repair and regeneration in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gaspar
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Kyriakos Spanoudes
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Holladay
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios Zeugolis
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), National University of Ireland, Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
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15
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MicroRNA-302/367 cluster governs hESC self-renewal by dually regulating cell cycle and apoptosis pathways. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:645-57. [PMID: 25801506 PMCID: PMC4400607 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-302/367 is the most abundant miRNA cluster in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and can promote somatic cell reprogramming. However, its role in hESCs remains poorly understood. Here, we studied functional roles of the endogenous miR-302/367 cluster in hESCs by employing specific TALE-based transcriptional repressors. We revealed that miR-302/367 cluster dually regulates hESC cell cycle and apoptosis in dose-dependent manner. Gene profiling and functional studies identified key targets of the miR-302/367 cluster in regulating hESC self-renewal and apoptosis. We demonstrate that in addition to its role in cell cycle regulation, miR-302/367 cluster conquers apoptosis by downregulating BNIP3L/Nix (a BH3-only proapoptotic factor) and upregulating BCL-xL expression. Furthermore, we show that butyrate, a natural compound, upregulates miR-302/367 cluster expression and alleviates hESCs from apoptosis induced by knockdown of miR-302/367 cluster. In summary, our findings provide new insights in molecular mechanisms of how miR-302/367 cluster regulates hESCs. Knockdown of the endogenous miR-302/367 cluster attenuates hESC self-renewal Endogenous miR-302/367 cluster dually regulates cell cycle and apoptosis in hESCs miR-302/367 cluster regulates hESC self-renewal by inhibiting apoptosis pathway Butyrate suppresses BNIP3L/Nix expression via miR-302/367 cluster
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16
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Li T, Shi Y, Wang P, Guachalla LM, Sun B, Joerss T, Chen YS, Groth M, Krueger A, Platzer M, Yang YG, Rudolph KL, Wang ZQ. Smg6/Est1 licenses embryonic stem cell differentiation via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. EMBO J 2015; 34:1630-47. [PMID: 25770585 PMCID: PMC4475398 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a post-transcriptional mechanism that targets aberrant transcripts and regulates the cellular RNA reservoir. Genetic modulation in vertebrates suggests that NMD is critical for cellular and tissue homeostasis, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we generate knockout mice lacking Smg6/Est1, a key nuclease in NMD and a telomerase cofactor. While the complete loss of Smg6 causes mouse lethality at the blastocyst stage, inducible deletion of Smg6 is compatible with embryonic stem cell (ESC) proliferation despite the absence of telomere maintenance and functional NMD. Differentiation of Smg6-deficient ESCs is blocked due to sustained expression of pluripotency genes, normally repressed by NMD, and forced down-regulation of one such target, c-Myc, relieves the differentiation block. Smg6-null embryonic fibroblasts are viable as well, but are refractory to cellular reprograming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Finally, depletion of all major NMD factors compromises ESC differentiation, thus identifying NMD as a licensing factor for the switch of cell identity in the process of stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangliang Li
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yue Shi
- Disease Genomics and Individualized Medicine Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Guachalla
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Max-Planck-Research Department of Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Baofa Sun
- Disease Genomics and Individualized Medicine Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tjard Joerss
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Disease Genomics and Individualized Medicine Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Krueger
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- Disease Genomics and Individualized Medicine Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Karl Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany Institute of Molecular Medicine and Max-Planck-Research Department of Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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17
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Kanai D, Ueda A, Akagi T, Yokota T, Koide H. Oct3/4 directly regulates expression of E2F3a in mouse embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:374-8. [PMID: 25727014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, have a characteristic cell cycle with truncated G1 and G2 phases. Recent findings that suppression of Oct3/4 expression results in a reduced proliferation rate of ES cells suggest the involvement of Oct3/4 in the regulation of ES cell growth, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we identified E2F3a as a direct target gene of Oct3/4 in ES cells. Oct3/4 directly bound to the promoter region of the E2F3a gene and positively regulated expression of E2F3a in mouse ES cells. Suppression of E2F3a activity by E2F6 overexpression led to the reduced proliferation in ES cells, which was relieved by co-expression of E2F3a. Furthermore, cell growth retardation caused by loss of Oct3/4 was rescued by E2F3a expression. These results suggest that Oct3/4 upregulates E2F3a expression to promote ES cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kanai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ueda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Akagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koide
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
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18
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Abdelalim EM, Bonnefond A, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Froguel P. Pluripotent stem cells as a potential tool for disease modelling and cell therapy in diabetes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:327-37. [PMID: 24577791 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most prevailing disease with progressive incidence worldwide. To date, the pathogenesis of diabetes is far to be understood, and there is no permanent treatment available for diabetes. One of the promising approaches to understand and cure diabetes is to use pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced PCSs (iPSCs). ESCs and iPSCs have a great potential to differentiate into all cell types, and they have a high ability to differentiate into insulin-secreting β cells. Obtaining PSCs genetically identical to the patient presenting with diabetes has been a longstanding dream for the in vitro modeling of disease and ultimately cell therapy. For several years, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was the method of choice to generate patient-specific ESC lines. However, this technology faces ethical and practical concerns. Interestingly, the recently established iPSC technology overcomes the major problems of other stem cell types including the lack of ethical concern and no risk of immune rejection. Several iPSC lines have been recently generated from patients with different types of diabetes, and most of these cell lines are able to differentiate into insulin-secreting β cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the differentiation of pancreatic β cells from PSCs, and describe the challenges for their clinical use in diabetes cell therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the potential use of patient-specific PSCs as an in vitro model, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Abdelalim
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, 5825, Doha, Qatar,
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19
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Abdelalim EM, Emara MM, Kolatkar PR. The SOX Transcription Factors as Key Players in Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2687-99. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Abdelalim
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed M. Emara
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Prasanna R. Kolatkar
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Cyclin D1 acts as a barrier to pluripotent reprogramming by promoting neural progenitor fate commitment. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4008-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Rijlaarsdam MA, Looijenga LHJ. An oncofetal and developmental perspective on testicular germ cell cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:59-74. [PMID: 25066859 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) represent a diverse group of tumors presumably originating from (early fetal) developing germ cells. Most frequent are the testicular germ cell cancers (TGCC). Overall, TGCC is the most frequent malignancy in Caucasian males (20-40 years) and remains an important cause of (treatment related) mortality in these young men. The strong association between the phenotype of TGCC stem cell components and their totipotent ancestor (fetal primordial germ cell or gonocyte) makes these tumors highly relevant from an onco-fetal point of view. This review subsequently discusses the evidence for the early embryonic origin of TGCCs, followed by an overview of the crucial association between TGCC pathogenesis, genetics, environmental exposure and the (fetal) testicular micro-environment (genvironment). This culminates in an evaluation of three genvironmentally modulated hallmarks of TGCC directly related to the oncofetal pathogenesis of TGCC: (1) maintenance of pluripotency, (2) cell cycle control/cisplatin sensitivity and (3) regulation of proliferation/migration/apoptosis by KIT-KITL mediated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Briefly, TGCC exhibit identifiable stem cell components (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma) and progenitors that show large and consistent similarities to primordial/embryonic germ cells, their presumed totipotent cells of origin. TGCC pathogenesis depends crucially on a complex interaction of genetic and (micro-)environmental, i.e. genvironmental risk factors that have only been partly elucidated despite significant effort. TGCC stem cell components also show a high degree of similarity with embryonic stem/germ cells (ES) in the regulation of pluripotency and cell cycle control, directly related to their exquisite sensitivity to DNA damaging agents (e.g. cisplatin). Of note, (ES specific) micro-RNAs play a pivotal role in the crossover between cell cycle control, pluripotency and chemosensitivity. Moreover, multiple consistent observations reported TGCC to be associated with KIT-KITL mediated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, a pathway crucially implicated in proliferation, migration and survival during embryogenesis including germ cell development. In conclusion, TGCCs are a fascinating model for onco-fetal developmental processes especially with regard to studying cell cycle control, pluripotency maintenance and KIT-KITL signaling. The knowledge presented here contributes to better understanding of the molecular characteristics of TGCC pathogenesis, translating to identification of at risk individuals and enhanced quality of care for TGCC patients (diagnosis, treatment and follow-up).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert H J Looijenga
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Carlessi L, Poli EF, Bechi G, Mantegazza M, Pascucci B, Narciso L, Dogliotti E, Sala C, Verpelli C, Lecis D, Delia D. Functional and molecular defects of hiPSC-derived neurons from patients with ATM deficiency. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1342. [PMID: 25032865 PMCID: PMC4123100 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, a key factor of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, causes the cancer predisposing and neurodegenerative syndrome ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). To investigate the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, we have reprogrammed fibroblasts from ATM-null A-T patients and normal controls to pluripotency (human-induced pluripotent stem cells), and derived from these neural precursor cells able to terminally differentiate into post-mitotic neurons positive to >90% for β-tubulin III+/microtubule-associated protein 2+. We show that A-T neurons display similar voltage-gated potassium and sodium currents and discharges of action potentials as control neurons, but defective expression of the maturation and synaptic markers SCG10, SYP and PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95). A-T neurons exhibited defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and repressed phosphorylation of ATM substrates (e.g., γH2AX, Smc1-S966, Kap1-S824, Chk2-T68, p53-S15), but normal repair of single-strand breaks, and normal short- and long-patch base excision repair activities. Moreover, A-T neurons were resistant to apoptosis induced by the genotoxic agents camptothecin and trabectedin, but as sensitive as controls to the oxidative agents. Most notably, A-T neurons exhibited abnormal accumulation of topoisomerase 1-DNA covalent complexes (Top1-ccs). These findings reveal that ATM deficiency impairs neuronal maturation, suppresses the response and repair of DNA DSBs, and enhances Top1-cc accumulation. Top1-cc could be a risk factor for neurodegeneration as they may interfere with transcription elongation and promote transcriptional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carlessi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E Fusar Poli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Bechi
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Mantegazza
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (IPMC) CNRS UMR7275 and University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - B Pascucci
- CNR Institute of Crystallography, Via Salaria, Km. 29.300, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - L Narciso
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - C Sala
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - C Verpelli
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - D Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Delia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
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23
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New Proteomic Insights on the Role of NPR-A in Regulating Self-Renewal of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:561-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Knockdown of p53 suppresses Nanog expression in embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:652-7. [PMID: 24333425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) express high levels of cytoplasmic p53. Exposure of mouse ESCs to DNA damage leads to activation of p53, inducing Nanog suppression. In contrast to earlier studies, we recently reported that chemical inhibition of p53 suppresses ESC proliferation. Here, we confirm that p53 signaling is involved in the maintenance of mouse ESC self-renewal. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of p53 induced downregulation of p21 and defects in ESC proliferation. Furthermore, p53 knockdown resulted in a significant downregulation in Nanog expression at 24 and 48 h post-transfection. p53 knockdown also caused a reduction in Oct4 expression at 48 h post-transfection. Conversely, exposure of ESCs to DNA damage caused a higher reduction of Nanog expression in control siRNA-treated cells than in p53 siRNA-treated cells. These data show that in the absence of DNA damage, p53 is required for the maintenance of mouse ESC self-renewal by regulating Nanog expression.
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