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de Groot AP, de Haan G. How CBX proteins regulate normal and leukemic blood cells. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38426219 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions are dictated by epigenetic landscapes. The Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) represses genes that induce differentiation, thereby maintaining HSC self-renewal. Depending on which chromobox (CBX) protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, or CBX8) is part of the PRC1 complex, HSC fate decisions differ. Here, we review how this occurs. We describe how CBX proteins dictate age-related changes in HSCs and stimulate oncogenic HSC fate decisions, either as canonical PRC1 members or by alternative interactions, including non-epigenetic regulation. CBX2, CBX7, and CBX8 enhance leukemia progression. To target, reprogram, and kill leukemic cells, we suggest and describe multiple therapeutic strategies to interfere with the epigenetic functions of oncogenic CBX proteins. Future studies should clarify to what extent the non-epigenetic function of cytoplasmic CBX proteins is important for normal, aged, and leukemic blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P de Groot
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bastani S, Staal FJT, Canté-Barrett K. The quest for the holy grail: overcoming challenges in expanding human hematopoietic stem cells for clinical use. Stem Cell Investig 2023; 10:15. [PMID: 37457748 PMCID: PMC10345135 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2023-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation has been the golden standard for many hematological disorders. However, the number of HSCs obtained from several sources, including umbilical cord blood (UCB), often is insufficient for transplantation. For decades, maintaining or even expanding HSCs for therapeutic purposes has been a "holy grail" in stem cell biology. Different methods have been proposed to improve the efficiency of cell expansion and enhance homing potential such as co-culture with stromal cells or treatment with specific agents. Recent progress has shown that this is starting to become feasible using serum-free and well-defined media. Some of these protocols to expand HSCs along with genetic modification have been successfully applied in clinical trials and some others are studied in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the main challenges regarding ex vivo expansion of HSCs such as limited growth potential and tendency to differentiate in culture still need improvements. Understanding the biology of blood stem cells, their niche and signaling pathways has provided possibilities to regulate cell fate decisions and manipulate cells to optimize expansion of HSCs in vitro. Here, we review the plethora of HSC expansion protocols that have been proposed and indicate the current state of the art for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Bastani
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. T. Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Canté-Barrett
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Qi Y, Wang H, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Wang T, Wu Z, Wu W. CAF-Released Exosomal miR-20a-5p Facilitates HCC Progression via the LIMA1-Mediated β-Catenin Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233857. [PMID: 36497115 PMCID: PMC9740131 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, exosomes derived from Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) have reportedly been involved in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour microenvironment (TME). LIM domain and actin binding 1 (LIMA1) is an actin-binding protein that is involved in controlling the biological behaviour and progression of specific solid tumours. We aimed to determine the effect of LIMA1 and exosome-associated miR-20a-5p in HCC development. LIMA1 and miR-20a-5p expression levels were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting or immunohistochemistry (IHC). Functional experiments, including Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays, and Transwell invasion assays, were performed to investigate the effect of LIMA1 and miR-20a-5p. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the interaction of miR-20a-5p and LIMA1. Exosomes were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. We noted that LIMA1 was downregulated in human HCC tissues and cells and remarkably correlated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). LIMA1 overexpression suppressed HCC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, while LIMA1 knockdown had the opposite effects. A mechanistic investigation showed that LIMA1 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway by binding to BMI1 and inducing its destabilisation. Additionally, we found that LIMA1 expression in HCC cells could be suppressed by transferring CAF-derived exosomes harbouring oncogenic miR-20a-5p. In summary, LIMA1 is a tumour suppressor that inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and is downregulated by CAF-derived exosomes carrying oncogenic miR-20a-5p in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Department of Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Department of Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qikun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Department of Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tianbing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provinicial People’s Hospital, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Zhengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-13965012315 (Z.W.); +86-13805694400 (W.W.)
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Department of Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provinicial People’s Hospital, Hefei 230011, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-13965012315 (Z.W.); +86-13805694400 (W.W.)
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Yu S, Han R, Gan R. The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in Haematological Neoplasms. Biomark Res 2022; 10:74. [PMID: 36224652 PMCID: PMC9558365 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia and lymphoma are common malignancies. The Wnt pathway is a complex network of proteins regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as cancer development, and is divided into the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway (the canonical Wnt signalling pathway) and the noncanonical Wnt signalling pathway. The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is highly conserved evolutionarily, and activation or inhibition of either of the pathways may lead to cancer development and progression. The aim of this review is to analyse the mechanisms of action of related molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in haematologic malignancies and their feasibility as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ruyue Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Runliang Gan
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P. R. China.
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Lv K, Tong W. A protein synthesis brake for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Genes Dev 2022; 36:871-873. [PMID: 36207141 PMCID: PMC9575693 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350107.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Bmi1 is essential for normal and leukemic hematopoiesis, but its target genes in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are incompletely understood. In this issue of Genes & Development, Burgess et al. (pp. 887-900) demonstrate a novel role of Bmi1 in regulating ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. Bmi1-deficient HSCs exhibited reduced transplantability, with the up-regulation of ARX and genes involved in ribosome biogenesis. However, depletion of ARX or its known targets, p16 Ink4a /p19 Arf , only partially rescues Bmi1 loss-induced hematopoietic defects. They further demonstrate an increased protein synthesis rate and resultant proteostatic stress in Bmi1 -/- HSCs, indicating a novel mechanism by which Bmi1 controls HSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaosheng Lv
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Wei Tong
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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