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Shao Y, Hu J, Wang S, Jiang H, Miao G, Li C, Zhang J, Xu Y. Identification of Fangji Huangqi Tang as a potential herbal formula for Sjogren syndrome treatment via network pharmacology and experimental validation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1435-1447. [PMID: 37640538 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Fangji Huangqi Tang (FHT) is a well-known Chinese herbal formula that is prescribed as treatment for rheumatoid diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic targets, efficacy, and safety of FHT in the treatment of Sjogren's syndrome (SS). The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SS. Further, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to explore the potential biological functions of the DEGs. Subsequently, an FHT-herb-active compound-target network was constructed to identify the relationship between the active compounds in FHT and the related targets. Then, enrichment analysis involving the DEGs and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to analyze the biological functions of potential targets and screen hub genes. Further, molecular docking was employed to verify the binding affinity between the active compounds and the hub targets, and in vivo experiments involving NOD/LtJ mice were conducted to verify the therapeutic effects of FHT on SS-like symptoms. Finally, inhibition of PIK3CK/Akt pathway by FHT was validated by WB and rt-qPCR. A total of 1836 DEGs were identified in SS based on the GSE159574 dataset, and 114 targets of the active compounds in FHT were screened. Further, via network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking, six active compounds and five hub targets were obtained, and enrichment analysis showed that the anti-SS effect of FHT was predominantly associated with immune cells, such as T cells and neutrophils. In vivo, FHT effectively reduced lymphocyte infiltration foci, increased saliva flow rate, and inhibited increases in the levels of SS-related autoantibodies (anti-SSA and anti-SSB). Furthermore, the biosafety of FHT was verified via the serological examination of liver and kidney function. WB and rt-qPCR analysis confirmed that FHT could inhibit the expression of PIK3CG and the activation of PIK3CG/Akt pathway. Via network pharmacological analysis, molecular docking, and in vivo verification, we demonstrated the multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of FHT in SS treatment, thereby providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of SS and the therapeutic targets of FHT for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Shao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohai Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubo Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Genç D, Bulut O, Günaydin B, Göksu M, Düzgün M, Dere Y, Sezgin S, Aladağ A, Bülbül A. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated glandular dysfunction in Sjögren's syndrome murine model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266137. [PMID: 35511824 PMCID: PMC9070867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential for use in tissue regeneration in inflammatory diseases due to their rapid proliferating, multilineage differentiation, and strong anti-inflammatory features. In the present study, immunoregulatory and glandular tissue regeneration effects of the dental follicle (DF)MSCs in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) were investigated. METHODS Dental follicle (DF) tissues were obtained from healthy individuals during tooth extraction, tissues were digested enzymatically and DFMSCs were cultured until the third passage. DFMSCs were labeled with Quantum dot 655 for cell tracking analysis. The induction of the SS mouse model was performed by the injection of Ro60-273-289 peptide intraperitoneally. DFMSCs were injected intraperitoneally, or into submandibular, or lacrimal glands. Splenocytes were analyzed for intracellular cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10) secretion in T helper cells, lymphocyte proliferation, and B lymphocyte subsets. Histologic analysis was done for submandibular and lacrimal glands with hematoxylin-eosin staining for morphologic examination. RESULTS The systemic injection of DFMSCs significantly reduced intracellular IFN-γ and IL-17 secreting CD4+ T cells in splenocytes (p<0.05), and decreased inflammatory cell deposits and fibrosis in the glandular tissues. DFMSCs differentiated to glandular epithelial cells in submandibular and lacrimal injections with a significant reduction in lymphocytic foci. The results showed that few amounts of DFMSCs were deposited in glandular tissues when applied intraperitoneally, while high amounts of DFMSCs were located in glandular tissues and differentiated to glandular epithelial cells when applied locally in SS murine model. CONCLUSION DFMSCs have the potential for the regulation of Th1, Th17, and Treg balance in SS, and ameliorate glandular dysfunction. DFMSCs can be a beneficial therapeutic application for SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Genç
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
- Research Laboratories Center, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Osman Bulut
- Milas Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Burcu Günaydin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Health Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mizgin Göksu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mert Düzgün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Yelda Dere
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Serhat Sezgin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversity, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Akın Aladağ
- Faculty of Dentistry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversity, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Aziz Bülbül
- Milas Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Apostolou E, Moustardas P, Iwawaki T, Tzioufas AG, Spyrou G. Ablation of the Chaperone Protein ERdj5 Results in a Sjögren's Syndrome-Like Phenotype in Mice, Consistent With an Upregulated Unfolded Protein Response in Human Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:506. [PMID: 30967862 PMCID: PMC6438897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects mainly the exocrine glands. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins have been suggested to participate in autoimmune and inflammatory responses, either acting as autoantigens, or by modulating factors of inflammation. The chaperone protein ERdj5 is an ER-resident disulfide reductase, required for the translocation of misfolded proteins during ER-associated protein degradation. In this study we investigated the role of ERdj5 in the salivary glands (SGs), in association with inflammation and autoimmunity. Methods:In situ expression of ERdj5 and XBP1 activation were studied immunohistochemically in minor SG tissues from primary SS patients and non-SS sicca-complaining controls. We used the mouse model of ERdj5 ablation and characterized its features: Histopathological, serological (antinuclear antibodies and cytokine levels), and functional (saliva flow rate). Results: ERdj5 was highly expressed in the minor SGs of SS patients, with stain intensity correlated to inflammatory lesion severity and anti-SSA/Ro positivity. Moreover, SS patients demonstrated higher XBP1 activation within the SGs. Remarkably, ablation of ERdj5 in mice conveyed many of the cardinal features of SS, like spontaneous inflammation in SGs with infiltrating T and B lymphocytes, distinct cytokine signature, excessive cell death, reduced saliva flow, and production of anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La autoantibodies. Notably, these features were more pronounced in female mice. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a critical connection between the function of the ER chaperone protein ERdj5 and autoimmune inflammatory responses in the SGs and provide evidence for a new, potent animal model of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Apostolou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Academic Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Moustardas
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Academic Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giannis Spyrou
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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MyD88 signaling causes autoimmune sialadenitis through formation of high endothelial venules and upregulation of LTβ receptor-mediated signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14272. [PMID: 30250175 PMCID: PMC6155371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune sialadenitis (AS), chronic inflammation of the salivary glands (SGs) with focal lymphocyte infiltration, appears in autoimmune diseases such as Sjӧgren’s syndrome. The pathological role of MyD88-dependent innate immune signaling in autoimmune diseases including AS has been studied using mouse models, such as NOD mice. Although AS development in NOD mice was reported to be suppressed by Myd88 deficiency, its specific role remains unclear. Here, we determined the potent suppressive effects of Myd88 deficiency on AS development in lupus-prone B6/lpr mice, which have lymphoproliferation abnormalities, and also in NOD mice, which have no lymphoproliferation abnormalities. This indicates that MyD88 signaling triggers AS through both lymphoproliferation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To address the MyD88-dependent lymphoproliferation-independent AS manifestation, SGs from C57BL/6 mice were analyzed. Remarkable upregulation of Glycam1 and high endothelial venule (HEV)-associated changes were unexpectedly found in Myd88+/+ mice, compared with Myd88−/− mice. MyD88-dependent HEV-associated changes were also observed in NOD mice. Additionally, Lta, Ltb, and Ltbr in SGs of NOD mice were lowered by Myd88 deficiency. Interestingly, LTβR-induced HEV-associated gene expression in cultured cells was impaired by Myd88 deficiency. Our findings highlight novel roles for MyD88 in AS development, which imply the existence of MyD88-dependent HEV formation in ectopic lymphoid neogenesis.
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Zhou J, Yu Q. Anti-IL-7 receptor-α treatment ameliorates newly established Sjögren's-like exocrinopathy in non-obese diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2438-2447. [PMID: 29680668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The levels of interleukin (IL)-7 and its receptor are elevated in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Our previous study indicates that IL-7 plays a critical pathogenic role in the development and onset of SS in a mouse model of this disease. The present study aims at determining whether IL-7 also plays a role in sustaining SS pathologies after the disease onset, by using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) model. Intraperitoneal administration of a blocking antibody against the IL-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) to female NOD mice aged 10 weeks, which exhibited newly onset clinical SS, for the duration of 3 weeks significantly ameliorated characteristic SS pathologies including hyposalivation and leukocyte infiltration of the submandibular glands (SMGs). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in IFN-γ-producing CD4 T- and CD8 T cells, B cells, and lymphocyte chemoattractants CXCL9, -10, -11 and -13 in the SMGs. Anti-IL-7Rα treatment markedly diminished the amount of TNF-α in the SMGs and increased the level of claudin-1 and aquaporin 5, two molecules critical for normal salivary secretion. Furthermore, neutralization of IFN-γ and TNF-α, individually or in combination, considerably improved salivary secretion, reduced leukocyte infiltration and down-regulated CXCL9 and -13 expression in the SMGs. Collectively, the results indicate that endogenous IL-7R signals promote Th1 and Tc1 responses and IFN-γ- and TNF-α production to sustain the persistence of SS-like sialadenitis in NOD mice. These findings suggest that IL-7 and Th1 cytokines could serve as promising therapeutic targets for this prevalent autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qing Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115..
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Ruan GF, Zheng L, Huang JS, Huang WX, Gong BD, Fang XX, Zhang XY, Tang JP. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on Sjögren-like mice and the microRNA expression profiles of splenic CD4+ T cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2828-2838. [PMID: 28587347 PMCID: PMC5450633 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve immuno-regulatory functions and offer a promising novel treatment for certain autoimmune diseases. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of mice bone marrow (BM)-MSCs on mice with relatively late stage of Sjögren-like disease and the impact of BM-MSCs on the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of splenic CD4+ T cells. Female NOD/Ltj mice were randomized into two groups: The disease group (n=8) and the MSC-treated group (n=8). Female ICR mice served as the healthy control group (n=8). The MSC-treated group received an injection of MSCs when they were 26 weeks old. Water intake, blood glucose and salivary flow rate were measured and submandibular glands were resected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to calculate the focus score. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, hepatocyte growth factor, interferon γ, IL-10, prostaglandin E2, transforming growth factor β1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum were measured using ELISA. The expression of miRNAs in splenic CD4+ T cells were measured using deep sequencing. The results demonstrated that treatment with BM-MSCs prevented a decline in the salivary flow rate and lymphocyte infiltration in the salivary glands of NOD mice, indicating that MSC-treatment had a therapeutic effect on NOD mice with relatively late stage of Sjögren-like disease. ELISA and deep sequencing results showed that the three groups of mice had different serum concentrations of cytokines/growth factors and different miRNA expression profiles of splenic CD4+ T cells. This implies that the alteration in serum levels of cytokines/growth factors and miRNA expression profiles of splenic CD4+ T cells may explain the therapeutic effect MSCs have on Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Feng Ruan
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Shu Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Xue Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Dong Gong
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xing Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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7
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Dry eye disease and uveitis: A closer look at immune mechanisms in animal models of two ocular autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:1181-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kurien BT, Harris VM, Quadri SMS, Coutinho-de Souza P, Cavett J, Moyer A, Ittiq B, Metcalf A, Ramji HF, Truong D, Kumar R, Koelsch KA, Centola M, Payne A, Danda D, Scofield RH. Significantly reduced lymphadenopathy, salivary gland infiltrates and proteinuria in MRL-lpr/lpr mice treated with ultrasoluble curcumin/turmeric: increased survival with curcumin treatment. Lupus Sci Med 2015; 2:e000114. [PMID: 26380101 PMCID: PMC4567741 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Commercial curcumin (CU), derived from food spice turmeric (TU), has been widely studied as a potential therapeutic for a variety of oncological and inflammatory conditions. Lack of solubility/bioavailability has hindered curcumin's therapeutic efficacy in human diseases. We have solubilised curcumin in water applying heat/pressure, obtaining up to 35-fold increase in solubility (ultrasoluble curcumin (UsC)). We hypothesised that UsC or ultrasoluble turmeric (UsT) will ameliorate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-like disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Methods Eighteen female MRL-lpr/lpr (6 weeks old) and 18 female MRL-MpJ mice (6 weeks old) were used. Female MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop lupus-like disease at the 10th week and die at an average age of 17 weeks. MRL-MpJ mice develop lupus-like disease around 47 weeks and typically die at 73 weeks. Six mice of each strain received autoclaved water only (lpr-water or MpJ-water group), UsC (lpr-CU or MpJ-CU group) or UsT (lpr-TU or MpJ-TU group) in the water bottle. Results UsC or UsT ameliorates SLE in the MRL-lpr/lpr mice by significantly reducing lymphoproliferation, proteinuria, lesions (tail) and autoantibodies. lpr-CU group had a 20% survival advantage over lpr-water group. However, lpr-TU group lived an average of 16 days shorter than lpr-water group due to complications unrelated to lupus-like illness. CU/TU treatment inhibited lymphadenopathy significantly compared with lpr-water group (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively) by induction of apoptosis. Average lymph node weights were 2606±1147, 742±331 and 385±68 mg, respectively, for lpr-water, lpr-CU and lpr-TU mice. Transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay showed that lymphocytes in lymph nodes of lpr-CU and lpr-TU mice underwent apoptosis. Significantly reduced cellular infiltration of the salivary glands in the lpr-TU group compared with the lpr-water group, and a trend towards reduced kidney damage was observed in the lpr-CU and lpr-TU groups. Conclusions These studies show that UsC/UsT could prove useful as a therapeutic intervention in SLE/SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji T Kurien
- Department of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Department Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Valerie M Harris
- Department of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Syed M S Quadri
- Department of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Patricia Coutinho-de Souza
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Joshua Cavett
- Department of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Amanda Moyer
- Department of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Bilal Ittiq
- Department of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Angela Metcalf
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Husayn F Ramji
- Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA ; University of Oklahoma , Norman, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Dat Truong
- Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Kristi A Koelsch
- Department of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Department Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mike Centola
- Haus Bioceuticals , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Adam Payne
- Haus Bioceuticals , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | | | - R Hal Scofield
- Department of Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA ; Department Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Szyszko EA, Aqrawi LA, Jonsson R, Brokstad KA, Skarstein K. Non-proliferating plasma cells detected in the salivary glands and bone marrow of autoimmune NOD.B10.H2b mice, a model for primary Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmunity 2015; 49:41-9. [PMID: 26324998 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1079820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibody secreting plasma cells (PCs) are essential contributors in the development of autoimmune conditions such as primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Particularly, the long-lived PC subset residing in the bone marrow has shown to continuously produce autoantibodies, whilst remaining unaffected by immunosuppressive treatment. We have previously shown accumulation of potentially long-lived PCs in chronically inflamed salivary glands of pSS patients. In this study, we aimed to characterise the PC compartment in the salivary glands (the target organ for pSS) and bone marrow before the onset of the murine pSS like disease versus advanced diseases progression. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was incorporated to distinguish the long-lived PCs. Double immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence were then conducted on submandibular gland and bone marrow sections from 8- and 40-week-old mice to identify BrdU and CD138. BrdU(+) cells were detected in the submandibular glands of 8-week-old mice, and observed within all focal infiltrates by 40 weeks of age. Most CD138(+) PCs were however BrdU(-) and located predominantly on the periphery of these infiltrates. This observation was verified through immunofluorescence. A comparable staining pattern was observed in the bone marrow of 8- and 40-week-old NOD.B10.H2b mice, where some of the CD138(+) cells also expressed BrdU. Interestingly, megakaryocytes in the bone marrow of NOD.B10.H2b mice were detected in close proximity to CD138(+) cells, illustrating a possible presence of PC survival niches. Our results demonstrate the presence and accumulation of potentially long-lived PCs in NOD.B10.H2b mice as the disease advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Szyszko
- a Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway .,b Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway , and
| | - Lara A Aqrawi
- a Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- a Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Karl A Brokstad
- a Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Kathrine Skarstein
- b Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway , and.,c Department of Pathology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
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Xuan J, Shen L, Malyavantham K, Pankewycz O, Ambrus JL, Suresh L. Temporal histological changes in lacrimal and major salivary glands in mouse models of Sjogren's syndrome. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:51. [PMID: 24093879 PMCID: PMC4015998 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence in imaging studies suggests that there may be differences in glandular involvement in Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) depending on the stage of the disease. No detailed histological studies are available to show if there are any such difference in glandular involvement at various time periods and stages of SS. This cross sectional study examines the inflammatory changes in mouse models of SS at various ages. Methods The histological changes in major salivary and lacrimal glands were studied at ages of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months in both sexes in well characterized mouse models of SS, non-obese diabetes mouse and Interleukin-14 alpha-transgenic mice. Results Our results indicate that early inflammation concurrently occur in submandibular and lacrimal glands around the age of 6 weeks. Parotid glands are involved much later in the course of SS with less severe inflammation. Sublingual glands are rarely involved. Conclusions Our conclusions are that SS may be an organ specific disease with early inflammation occurring in submandibular and lacrimal glands, followed by the parotid. Non organ specific events occur in later courses of the disease. The understanding of the disease progression is important in tailoring early local therapeutic interventions before complete destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Xuan
- IMMCO Diagnostics Inc,, 60 Pineview Drive, 14228 Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Li CL, He J, Li ZG, Zheng LW, Hua H. Effects of total glucosides of paeony for delaying onset of Sjogren's syndrome: an animal study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 41:610-5. [PMID: 23333492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on Sjogren's syndrome (SS) using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice model. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-seven 8-week-old female NOD mice were assigned into TGP group, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) group and normal saline (NS) group, receiving corresponding drugs respectively and sacrificed at 24-week-old. Saliva flow rate (SFR), ration of regulatory T cells, level of anti-SSA/SSB, histological changes in submandibular glands (SMG) and microarray analysis were assessed. The data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS Compared to NS group, in TGP group, SFR, SMG index and the ration of regulatory T cells were significantly higher, while anti-SSA/SSB and lymphocytic foci were significantly lower. HCQ group demonstrated similar results except SMG index. Altered gene expression was found in 10.71% of TGP and 13.09% of HCQ of the profile. CONCLUSION TGP demonstrated a similar effectiveness as HCQ in delaying the onset of SS-like disease in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lei Li
- Department of Oral Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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12
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Khalili S, Liu Y, Kornete M, Roescher N, Kodama S, Peterson A, Piccirillo CA, Tran SD. Mesenchymal stromal cells improve salivary function and reduce lymphocytic infiltrates in mice with Sjögren's-like disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38615. [PMID: 22685592 PMCID: PMC3369846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice develop Sjögren's-like disease (SS-like) with loss of saliva flow and increased lymphocytic infiltrates in salivary glands (SGs). There are recent reports using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities. This paper proposed a combined immuno- and cell-based therapy consisting of: A) an injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to eradicate autoreactive T lymphocytes, and B) transplantations of MSCs to reselect lymphocytes. The objective of this was to test the effectiveness of CD45(-)/TER119(-) cells (MSCs) in re-establishing salivary function and in reducing the number of lymphocytic infiltrates (foci) in SGs. The second objective was to study if the mechanisms underlying a decrease in inflammation (focus score) was due to CFA, MSCs, or CFA+MSCs combined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Donor MSCs were isolated from bones of male transgenic eGFP mice. Eight week-old female NOD mice received one of the following treatments: insulin, CFA, MSC, or CFA+MSC (combined therapy). Mice were followed for 14 weeks post-therapy. CD45(-)/TER119(-) cells demonstrated characteristics of MSCs as they were positive for Sca-1, CD106, CD105, CD73, CD29, CD44, negative for CD45, TER119, CD11b, had high number of CFU-F, and differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Both MSC and MSC+CFA groups prevented loss of saliva flow and reduced lymphocytic infiltrations in SGs. Moreover, the influx of T and B cells decreased in all foci in MSC and MSC+CFA groups, while the frequency of Foxp3(+) (T(reg)) cell was increased. MSC-therapy alone reduced inflammation (TNF-α, TGF-β), but the combination of MSC+CFA reduced inflammation and increased the regenerative potential of SGs (FGF-2, EGF). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The combined use of MSC+CFA was effective in both preventing saliva secretion loss and reducing lymphocytic influx in salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khalili
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Younan Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mara Kornete
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and FOCIS Centre of Excellence, Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nienke Roescher
- Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Alan Peterson
- Molecular Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A. Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and FOCIS Centre of Excellence, Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mahlios J, Zhuang Y. Contribution of IL-13 to early exocrinopathy in Id3-/- mice. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:227-33. [PMID: 21924496 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Id3-/- mice represent a model for T cell mediated primary Sjogren's syndrome (PSS). An intriguing feature of this disease model is the early appearance of impaired salivary function or exocrinopathy prior to lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands. This phenomenon prompted us to examine the role of cytokines produced by T cells in the systemic regulation of gland function. A comprehensive examination of serum cytokine profiles revealed elevated levels of IL-13 in Id3-/- mice. We found that the increase in serum IL-13 levels in Id3-/- mice was largely dependent on αβ T cells. Removal of αβ T cells in Id3-/- mice also eliminates disease symptoms, including lymphocytic infiltration in the gland tissues, and impaired saliva production. We further show that the number of mast cells in the salivary glands of Id3-/- mice is significantly increased, in a trend inversely related to the saliva production. This increase in the number of mast cells is also dependent on the presence of αβ T cells. Treatment of young Id3-/- mice with anti-IL-13 antibodies over a two-month period resulted in a reduction of both serum IL-13 levels and the number of mast cells in the salivary gland tissues, as well as correspondingly improved saliva production. These findings indicate a potentially important role for IL-13 in gland regulation and disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Mahlios
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Lin X, Song JX, Shaw PC, Ng TB, Wong RNS, Sze SCW, Tong Y, Lee KF, Zhang KY. An autoimmunized mouse model recapitulates key features in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Int Immunol 2011; 23:613-24. [PMID: 21846814 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is poorly understood. To evaluate an autoimmunization-induced experimental SS model, we firstly observed the phenotype of lymphocyte infiltration in the enlarged submandibular gland (SG). Furthermore, significant activation of caspase-3 and a high ratio of Bax-to-Bcl-2 were detected, indicating the inflammatory apoptosis associated with developmental foci. Meanwhile, the dysregulated cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression, were found to be over-expressed. A progressive decrease of aquaporin 5 and its subcellular translocation from apical to basal membrane in SG was found to be associated with the abnormally expressed M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. This pattern was found to be similar to that seen in human SS and possibly contributed to the saliva secretion deficiency. Thus, this autoimmunization-induced model recapitulates the key features of human SS and may have potential for studying the pathogenesis of human SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
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15
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Banninger GP, Cha S, Said MS, Pauley KM, Carter CJ, Onate M, Pauley BA, Anderson SM, Reyland ME. Loss of PKCδ results in characteristics of Sjögren's syndrome including salivary gland dysfunction. Oral Dis 2011; 17:601-9. [PMID: 21702866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic infiltration of lymphocytes into the salivary and lacrimal glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) leads to destruction of acinar cells and loss of exocrine function. Protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) is known to play a critical role in B-cell maintenance. Mice in which the PKCδ gene has been disrupted have a loss of B-cell tolerance, multiple organ lymphocytic infiltration, and altered apoptosis. To determine whether PKCδ contributes to the pathogenesis of SS, we quantified changes in indicators of SS in PKCδ-/- mice as a function of age. Salivary gland histology, function, the presence of autoantibodies, and cytokine expression were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Submandibular glands were examined for the presence of lymphocytic infiltrates, and the type of infiltrating lymphocyte and cytokine deposition was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Serum samples were tested by autoantibody screening, which was graded by its staining pattern and intensity. Salivary gland function was determined by saliva collection at various ages. RESULTS PKCδ-/- mice have reduced salivary gland function, B220+ B-cell infiltration, anti-nuclear antibody production, and elevated IFN-γ in the salivary glands as compared to PKCδ+/+ littermates. CONCLUSIONS PKCδ-/- mice have exocrine gland tissue damage indicative of a SS-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Banninger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Delaleu N, Nguyen CQ, Peck AB, Jonsson R. Sjögren's syndrome: studying the disease in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:217. [PMID: 21672284 PMCID: PMC3218871 DOI: 10.1186/ar3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a systemic autoimmune disease, is characterized by inflammation of exocrine tissues accompanied by a significant loss of their secretory function. Clinical symptoms develop late and there are no diagnostic tests enabling early diagnosis of SS. Thus, particularly to study these covert stages, researchers turn to studying animal models where mice provide great freedom for genetic manipulation and testing the effect of experimental intervention. The present review summarizes current literature pertaining to both spontaneous and extrinsic-factor induced SS-like diseases in mouse models, discussing advantages and disadvantages related to the use of murine models in SS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delaleu
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, New Laboratory Building, 5th floor, #5305, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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LTBR-pathway in Sjogren's syndrome: CXCL13 levels and B-cell-enriched ectopic lymphoid aggregates in NOD mouse lacrimal glands are dependent on LTBR. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 691:383-90. [PMID: 21153342 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dai R, Zhang Y, Khan D, Heid B, Caudell D, Crasta O, Ahmed SA. Identification of a common lupus disease-associated microRNA expression pattern in three different murine models of lupus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14302. [PMID: 21170274 PMCID: PMC3000827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent reports have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate vital immunological processes and have emerged as key regulators of immune system development and function. Therefore, it is important to determine miRNA dysregulation and its pathogenic contribution in autoimmune diseases, an aspect not adequately addressed thus far. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we profiled miRNA expressions in splenic lymphocytes from three murine lupus models (MRL-lpr, B6-lpr and NZB/WF1) with different genetic background by miRNA microarray assays and Real-time RT-PCR. Despite the genetic differences among these three lupus stains, a common set of dysregulated miRNAs (miR-182-96-183 cluster, miR-31, and miR-155) was identified in splenocytes when compared with age-matched control mice. The association of these miRNAs with the disease was highlighted by our observation that this miRNA expression pattern was evident in NZB/W mice only at an age when lupus disease is manifested. Further, we have shown that the miRNA dysregulation in MRL-lpr mice was not simply due to the activation of splenocytes. By Real-time RT-PCR, we confirmed that these miRNAs were upregulated in both purified splenic B and T cells from MRL-lpr mice. miR-127 and miR-379, which were greatly upregulated in splenocytes from lpr mice, were moderately increased in diseased NZB/W mice. In addition, Real-time RT-PCR revealed that miR-146a, miR-101a, and miR-17-92 were also markedly upregulated in splenic T, but not B cells from MRL-lpr mice. Conclusions/Significance The identification of common lupus disease-associated miRNAs now forms the basis for the further investigation of the pathogenic contribution of these miRNAs in autoimmune lupus, which will advance our knowledge of the role of miRNAs in autoimmunity. Given that miRNAs are conserved, with regard to both evolution and function, our observation of a common lupus disease-associated miRNA expression pattern in murine lupus models is likely to have significant pathogenic, diagnostic, and/or therapeutic implications in human lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujuan Dai
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CMMID), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RD); (SAA)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Deena Khan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CMMID), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bettina Heid
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CMMID), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David Caudell
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CMMID), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Oswald Crasta
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - S. Ansar Ahmed
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CMMID), Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RD); (SAA)
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Khalili S, Liu Y, Sumita Y, Maria OM, Blank D, Key S, Mezey E, Tran SD. Bone marrow cells are a source of undifferentiated cells to prevent Sjögren's syndrome and to preserve salivary glands function in the non-obese diabetic mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:1893-9. [PMID: 20732442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice develop Sjögren's-like syndrome (Ss) and a gradual loss of saliva secretory function. Our previous study showed that injections of matched normal spleen cells with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) reversed salivary gland dysfunction in 14-week-old NOD mice, which had established Ss. The spleen and bone marrow are closely related organs, and both are among the first sites of hematopoiesis during gestation. Noticing a rapidly increasing number of clinical trials using bone marrow (BM) cells treatments for autoimmune diseases, we tested if BM cells can prevent Ss and restore salivary glands' function. We injected CFA and MHC class I-matched normal BM cells in 7-week-old NOD mice, which had not yet developed Ss. We found at week 52 post-treatment that all NOD mice receiving BM cells and CFA had a recovery of salivary flow and were protected from Ss and diabetes. BM cells-treated mice had their salivary function restored quantitatively and qualitatively. Saliva flow was higher (p<0.05) in BM cells-transplanted mice when compared to control mice, which continued to deteriorate over time. Total proteins, epidermal growth factor, amylase, and electrolytes concentrations in saliva of BM cells-treated mice were not significantly changed at week 44 and 52 post-therapy when compared to pre-therapy (when the mice did not have Ss). Restoration of salivary flow could have resulted from a combination of rescue and paracrine effects from BM cells. This study suggests that a combined immuno- and cell-based therapy can permanently prevent Ss and restored salivary function in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khalili
- McGill University, Faculty of Dentistry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Burt RA, Watkins L, Tan IKL, Wang N, Quirk F, Mackin L, Morgan P, Zhang JG, Berzins SP, Morahan G, Brodnicki TC. An NZW-derived interval on chromosome 7 moderates sialadenitis, but not insulitis in congenic nonobese diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2010; 184:859-68. [PMID: 20007538 PMCID: PMC9800181 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands, termed sialadenitis, is a pathologic feature of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) that is also prominent in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Genetic factors regulate sialadenitis, and a previous (NOD x NZW)F2 study detected linkage to murine chromosome (Chr) 7. The locus, subsequently annotated as Ssial3, maps to the distal end of Chr7 and overlaps a region associated with type 1 diabetes susceptibility in NOD mice. To examine whether Ssial3 could contribute to both diseases, or was specific for SjS, we generated a congenic mouse strain that harbored an NZW-derived Chr7 interval on the NOD genetic background. This congenic strain exhibited reduced sialadenitis compared with NOD mice and confirmed Ssial3. This reduction, however, did not ameliorate saliva abnormalities associated with SjS-like disease in NOD mice, nor were congenic mice protected against insulitis (lymphocytic infiltration of the pancreatic islets) or diabetes onset. Thus, the Ssial3 locus appears to have a tissue-specific effect for which the NZW allele is unable to prevent other autoimmune traits in the NOD mouse. Anomalous increases for antinuclear Ab production and frequency of marginal-zone B cells were also identified in congenic mice, indicating that the NZW-derived Chr7 interval has a complex effect on the NOD immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Burt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Laura Watkins
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Iris Kwee Ling Tan
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nancy Wang
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona Quirk
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Leanne Mackin
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Phillip Morgan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart P. Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, The Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Thomas C. Brodnicki
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia,Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Thomas C Brodnicki, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy VIC 3065, Australia.
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Vasculitis: Current Status and Future Directions. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2008; 35:1-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-007-8061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Delaleu N, Madureira AC, Immervoll H, Jonsson R. Inhibition of experimental Sjögren's syndrome through immunization with HSP60 and its peptide amino acids 437-460. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:2318-28. [PMID: 18668586 DOI: 10.1002/art.23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a potential immunomodulatory effect of the 60-kd heat-shock protein (Hsp60) on experimental spontaneous Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS Seven-week-old nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were immunized with eukaryotic Hsp60 or an Hsp60-derived peptide (amino acid residue [aa] 437-460). At 21 weeks of age, nondiabetic mice were investigated for salivary gland inflammation, exocrine function, and extraglandular disease manifestations. In addition, biomarker profiles comprising 87 analytes in serum and 75 in saliva were analyzed. RESULTS In mice immunized with Hsp60 and aa 437-460, SS-related histopathologic features were significantly reduced compared with NOD controls. In addition, 50% of Hsp60-injected mice and 33% of aa 437-460-injected mice retained normal exocrine function. Both treatments induced similar changes in biomarker profiles. Notably, levels of circulating interferon-gamma-inducible 10-kd protein (IP-10) and eotaxin were decreased significantly after treatment. Anti-type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (anti-M3R) IgG1, interleukin-10, and leptin discriminated best between the different treatment groups. Successful prevention of hyposalivation was accompanied by quantitative alterations in 36 biomarkers, of which 19 mediators of inflammation declined to levels comparable with those found in BALB/c mice. Low secreted vascular endothelial growth factor A was the most accurate predictor of successful prevention of hyposalivation. Low salivary granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 was identified as the best predictor of normal secretory function across the strains. CONCLUSION Immunization with Hsp60 and its peptide aa 437-460 led to inhibition of SS in NOD mice. Comprehensive analyses revealed specific biomarker signatures capable of predicting treatment group and treatment outcome. Molecules involved in inflammatory chemotaxis, neovascularization, and regulatory pathways caused the differences displayed by the biomarker profiles.
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Sherer Y, Matthias T, Shoenfeld Y. Cutting Edge Issues in Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2008; 34:275-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-007-8047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hjelmervik TOR, Lindqvist AK, Petersen K, Johannesson M, Stavrum AK, Johansson Å, Jonsson R, Holmdahl R, Bolstad AI. The influence of the NOD Nss1/Idd5 loci on sialadenitis and gene expression in salivary glands of congenic mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:R99. [PMID: 17900348 PMCID: PMC2212552 DOI: 10.1186/ar2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonobese diabetic (NOD) Nss1 and Idd5 loci have been associated with sialadenitis development in mice. In this study the NOD Nss1 and Idd5 loci were backcrossed onto the healthy control strain B10.Q by using the speed congenic breeding strategy, resulting in three congenic strains: B10.Q.Nss1, B10.Q.Nss1/Idd5 heterozygous and B10.Q.Nss1/Idd5 homozygous. We investigated the effects of the Nss1 and Idd5 loci on sialadenitis and gene expression in NOD congenic mice. One submandibular salivary gland from each mouse was used for histological analysis of sialadenitis, whereas the contralateral salivary gland was used for gene expression profiling with the Applied Biosystems Mouse Genome Survey chip v.1.0. The results were validated using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. The NOD Nss1 and Idd5 loci had clear influence on the onset and progression of sialadenitis in congenic mice. Double congenic mice exhibited the most severe phenotype. We successfully identified several genes that are located in the NOD congenic regions to be differentially expressed between the congenic strains and the control strain. Several of these were found to be co-regulated, such as Stat1, complement component C1q genes and Tlr12. Also, a vast contingency of interferon-regulated genes (such as Ltb, Irf7 and Irf8) and cytokine and chemokine genes (such as Ccr7 and Ccl19) were differentially expressed between the congenic strains and the control strain. Over-representation of inflammatory signalling pathways was observed among the differentially expressed genes. We have found that the introgression of the NOD loci Nss1 and Idd5 on a healthy background caused sialadenitis in NOD congenic mouse strains, and we propose that genes within these loci are important factors in the pathogenesis. Furthermore, gene expression profiling has revealed several differentially expressed genes within and outside the NOD loci that are similar to genes found to be differentially expressed in patients with Sjögren's syndrome, and as such are interesting candidates for investigation to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms and to develop future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Ove R Hjelmervik
- Department of Oral Sciences-Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Haukelandsveien, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kjell Petersen
- Computational Biology Unit, Bergen Center of Computational Biology, University of Bergen, Høyteknologisenteret, Thormøhlensgate, N-5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martina Johannesson
- Psychiatric Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Anne-Kristin Stavrum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Medical Inflammation Research, University of Lund, Sölvegatan, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Haukelandsveien, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, University of Lund, Sölvegatan, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Isine Bolstad
- Department of Oral Sciences-Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
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Delaleu N, Immervoll H, Cornelius J, Jonsson R. Biomarker profiles in serum and saliva of experimental Sjögren's syndrome: associations with specific autoimmune manifestations. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R22. [PMID: 18289371 PMCID: PMC2374466 DOI: 10.1186/ar2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly targets the exocrine glands. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of 87 proteins measured in serum and 75 proteins analyzed in saliva in spontaneous experimental SS. In addition, we intended to compute a model of the immunological situation representing the overt disease stage of SS. METHODS Nondiabetic, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice aged 21 weeks were evaluated for salivary gland function, salivary gland inflammation and extraglandular disease manifestations. The analytes, comprising chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, autoantibodies and other biomarkers, were quantified using multi-analyte profile technology and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Age-matched and sex-matched Balb/c mice served as a reference. RESULTS We found NOD mice to exhibit impaired salivary flow, glandular inflammation and increased secretory SSB (anti-La) levels. Thirty-eight biomarkers in serum and 34 in saliva obtained from NOD mice were significantly different from those in Balb/c mice. Eighteen biomarkers in serum and three chemokines measured in saliva could predict strain membership with 80% to 100% accuracy. Factor analyses identified principal components mostly correlating with one clinical aspect of SS and having distinct associations with components extracted from other families of proteins. CONCLUSION Autoimmune manifestations of SS are greatly independent and associated with various immunological processes. However, CD40, CD40 ligand, IL-18, granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 and anti-muscarinic M3 receptor IgG3 may connect the different aspects of SS. Processes related to the adaptive immune system appear to promote SS with a strong involvement of T-helper-2 related proteins in hyposalivation. This approach further established saliva as an attractive biofluid for biomarker analyses in SS and provides a basis for the comparison and selection of potential drug targets and diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delaleu
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Haukelandsveien, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Heike Immervoll
- Section of Pathology, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Liesvei, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Janet Cornelius
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Haukelandsveien, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Jonas Liesvei, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Jonas Liesvei, Bergen 5021, Norway
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